Archetypal Research Articles

Radiolucencies Associated with the Second Molar Adjacent to the Impacted Third Molar in the Maxilla in Comparison to the Mandible

OBJECTIVES To find the frequency radiolucencies associated with the second molar adjacent to an impacted third molar in the maxilla as compared to the mandible. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 385 Orthopantomograms (OPG) of patients visiting Sharif Medical and Dental College (SMDC), Services Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS) and Institute of Dentistry, CMH, Lahore Medical College, Lahore over a period of three months from December 2020 to February 2021. Patients above the age of 21 years were included in this study. Grossly carious third molars with inadequate tooth structure to be evaluated and patients with missing maxillary and mandibular third molars were excluded from the study. RESULTS The association between periapical radiolucencies (p=0.140), pericoronal radiolucencies (p=1.000) and external root resorption (p= 0.157) with the arch type (mandible/ maxilla) were not statistically significant but that of caries with the arch was significant (p≤0.001). CONCLUSION The periapical and pericoronal radiolucencies, caries and external root resorption associated with the second molar in the presence of an impacted third molar were higher in the mandible as compared to the maxilla.

Morphometric Parameters of the Fibrous Arch of Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: A Cross-sectional Cadaveric Study in the Indian Population

Introduction: The Flexor Digitorum Superficialis arch (FDS arch) serves as a connection between the humero-ulnar and radial heads of the FDS muscle. This arch can potentially compress the median nerve, leading to the development of pronator syndrome. Aim: To describe the morphometric parameters of the FDS arch in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: A two-year cross-sectional cadaveric study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India, from December 2018 to November 2020. Thirty-four forearms from 17 adult cadavers (8 male and 9 female) were included in the study after excluding those with forearm deformities caused by trauma, congenital malformations, or scars. Measurements were taken for the distance from the medial epicondyle to the apex of the FDS arch and the thickness of the arch. The type of FDS arch (tendinous or muscular, distinct or indistinct) was also observed. Descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and range, were calculated using STATA/IC 16.0. Results: Among the specimens, the FDS arch was tendinous in 20 (58.8%) and muscular in 14 (41.2%) cases. The mean distance from the medial epicondyle to the apex of the FDS arch was 65.8±12.8 mm, and the mean thickness was 0.80±0.43 mm. A distinct arch was observed in 25 (73.53%) specimens, while an indistinct arch was found in 9 (26.47%) specimens. Conclusion: The findings of this study contributed valuable insights for surgical interventions aimed at decompressing the median nerve entrapment in the proximal forearm.

CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES STATIC CALCULATION OF ARCHES

The emergence of new types of structures and construction technologies related to them became the impetus for the search for new forms of buildings and structures and the development of a new understanding of space. Technical and economic calculations show that the area of coverings in buildings with large hall rooms, as a rule, exceeds the total area of other enclosing structures, and therefore the cost of coverings, taking into account installation work, is of predominant importance in construction estimates. Spatial forms of coverings of hall rooms significantly affect the architectural expressiveness of buildings, and therefore the issue of choosing forms, materials and rational constructive solutions of coverings is extremely relevant.
 The most important components of the covering systems of buildings and structures are supporting structures, which have unlimited possibilities of interpretation of forms and materials, can be hidden or open and turn into architectural elements. It is obvious that in the process of designing the coverings of buildings and structures, it is necessary to consider and analyze various options for their constructive solutions.
 The article analyzes the types of arches, their classification, the conditions of use as load-bearing structures of building coatings, as well as some problems of their static operation, which are related to the choice of form and conditions of their support and division into structural elements. The authors considered the problems of calculating and designing arches, choosing rational forms of arches that ensure the prevention of loss of their stability from the bending plane and a high aesthetic level. The main principles and methods of construction and static calculation of arches are presented.

Cross-sectional study on factors associated with flossing in Brazilian young children.

This cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the factors associated with flossing by caregivers in Brazilian young children. Its sample consisted of 305 children aged 1-3 and their mothers from the Brazilian city of Diamantina. They were selected through the Municipal Health Department from a list of registered children who had recently used the public health services. Data collection was done by means of the mothers answering a questionnaire which addressed economic and socio-demographic factors and also the mother and child characteristics and habits. In addition, an oral clinical examination was performed in order to assess Baume arch type and caries occurrence. Descriptive statistical analysis, chi-square test and Poisson regression were performed. It was found that the sample presented a prevalent flossing habit in 20.3% of the subjects. The flossing habit in the children was associated with the mothers' own habit of flossing daily (PR 2.32; 95% CI 1.12-4.82) and with the frequent children's tooth brushing by the mother (PR 2.85; 95% CI 1.05-7.76). A higher prevalence of flossing by caregivers in young children is associated with the mothers' own habit of flossing daily and with the frequent children's tooth brushing by the mother.

Transradial Versus Transfemoral Intraoperative Cerebral Angiography for Open Cerebrovascular Surgery: Effectiveness, Safety, and Learning Curve.

Intraoperative cerebral angiography (IOA) is a valuable adjunct in open and hybrid cerebrovascular surgery. Commonly, transfemoral access (TFA) is used. Lately, transradial access (TRA) has gained popularity for neurointervention. However, the TRA has not yet been compared with the TFA for IOA. To compare the effectiveness and safety of the TRA and TFA for IOA. In addition, the learning curve for implementing the TRA for IOA was evaluated. Between July 2020 and 2022, 92/1787 diagnostic cerebral angiographies met inclusion criteria for IOA. Sheath run time to primary target vessel run time (STT), amount of contrast dye (CD), fluoroscopy time (FT), and dose-area products (DAPs) were compared between TRA and TFA, different aortic arch types, and both study years. One case required transitioning from TRA to TFA (1/26, 3.8%) because of a minute proximal radial vasculature. The STT, CD, FT, and DAP were similar for the TRA (n = 25) and the TFA groups (n = 67) (p = ns). One groin hematoma (1.5%) was observed in the TFA group. No other complications or any change in modified Rankin Scale were observed. Aortic arch type II/III was associated with longer STT ( P = .032) but not CD, FT, or DAP. There was a nonsignificant decline of STTs among the TRA cases ( P = .104) but stable STTs among TFA cases ( P = .775). The TRA and TFA represent equally effective and safe routes for IOA. In addition, expertise with the TRA can rapidly be gained and facilitates tailoring the access for IOA to patient's individual anatomy and surgeon's needs.

Experimental and numerical investigation on masonry arch bridges under uniform and line loads

In this paper, the performance of Persian skewed brick masonry arch bridges under uniform and line loads has been investigated. Three types of semi-circular, pointed and four-centred arches have been studied. Bridges with two spans and six spans have been analysed using the three-dimensional non-linear finite element method. The parameters considered are four skew angles, three pier width to span ratios, three bridge width to span ratios, three pier height to span ratios, and three deck thickness to span ratios. Loading includes uniformly distributed load on the entire surface of the bridge deck, line load at the middle of the middle pier, and line load at the apex of one of the arches. The suitable ranges of the skew angle to create the maximum load-bearing capacity have been obtained for different loadings, different types of the arches and other parameters.

Abstract 11748: Prophylactic Aortic Arch Replacement in Patients With Loeys-Dietz Syndrome: Surgical Outcomes and Molecular Rationale

Introduction: Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) patients typically develop focal aortic root aneurysm but have substantial risk of distal aortic events (arch aneurysm and type B dissection) after root replacement. We offer prophylactic arch replacement to LDS patients of all genotypes undergoing elective valve-sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) to prevent late aortic events. We hypothesized that non-dilated LDS aortic arch tissue demonstrates ongoing deterioration at the time of VSARR. Methods: Aortic tissue was anatomically segmented (root, ascending, arch) then examined via histology and single-cell RNA sequencing (‘scRNAseq’, n=4 patients) to comprehensively profile cellular phenotypes. Results: LDS patients (n=8, mean age 37.9 years, 87.5% male) had root aneurysm (mean 45.1 ± 8.9mm) without ascending (35.1± 7.8mm) or arch dilation (28.7 ± 2.8mm) and underwent concurrent VSARR and branched graft total arch replacement. There were no perioperative deaths or strokes and no distal aortic events or reoperations after median 1.26 years follow-up. Histologically, elastin fragmentation and collagen deposition were detectable in each aortic segment (n=4). scRNAseq identified a continuum of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotype modulation associated with progressively reduced contractile gene expression. Pathway analysis of 260 genes enriched during SMC modulation identified heightened integrin signaling, transforming growth factor-beta-responsiveness, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Histologic confirmation using RNA probes specific for modulated SMCs (TGF-beta responsive gene SERPINE1 and glycoprotein TNFRSF11B ) identified these cells in the tunica media layer of each aortic segment, with greatest density in the root aneurysm but extending to the arch. In age-matched donor aortas, TNFRSF11B + cells were restricted to the atherosclerotic tunica intima, confirming specificity of medial SMC modulation in aneurysm. Conclusions: Total arch replacement during elective VSARR is feasible without substantial morbidity. In LDS patients with root aneurysm, matrix deterioration and SMC phenotype modulation are present in the non-dilated aortic arch, providing molecular rationale for aggressive arch replacement.

Longitudinal visual field archetypal analysis of optic neuritis treated in a clinical setting

Background/aimsWe previously used archetypal analysis (AA) to create a model that quantified patterns (archetypes (ATs)) of visual field (VF) loss that can predict recovery and reveal residual VF deficits from...

Delayed biventricular repair of interrupted aortic arch with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a case report.

In patients with critical left ventricular outflow tract obstruction but adequately sized ventricles, the treatment of choice is biventricular repair. Several options have been proposed, including neonatal Yasui or Ross-Konno operation. However, each of these procedures carries a high mortality risk, especially in syndromic neonates. Here, we report the case of a patient with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and a diagnosis of interrupted aortic arch type B2, ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. As a means to avoid high-risk neonatal surgery in this patient, we pursued a strategy of delayed biventricular repair involving initial hybrid Norwood palliation followed by a Yasui-type operation at 3months. Although this strategy turned out to be successful, proactive monitoring for the development of ductal stent stenosis during follow-up after the hybrid procedure remains crucial to prevent hemodynamic complications such as cardiac failure and systemic hypoperfusion.

Way of Planning a Complex Interventional Treatment with Support of a 3-Dimensional Printed Heart Model in a Patient with Interrupted Aortic Arch Type A

Way of Planning a Complex Interventional Treatment with Support of a 3-Dimensional Printed Heart Model in a Patient with Interrupted Aortic Arch Type A

Timing of Intervention for Aortic Intramural Hematoma

Intramural hematoma (IMH) is one of the acute aortic syndromes along with acute aortic dissection and penetrating aortic ulcer. The three conditions can occur alone or in combination with overlapping presentation. Medical, open surgical, and endovascular treatment is tailored depending on clinical presentation, timing, and location within the aorta. Among patients who present with acute IMH affecting the ascending aorta (Type A), urgent open surgical repair is considered the primary line of treatment in patients who are suitable candidates and unstable. The management of IMH in the descending aorta and aortic arch (Type B) is similar to that applied to treat acute dissections in the same segment. Medical treatment with sequential imaging is recommended in patients with uncomplicated course, and endovascular repair is indicated in patients with rupture, persistent pain, end-organ ischemia, or rapid aortic enlargement. This review discusses the ideal timing for treatment of IMH.

Anatomical variation in the branching pattern of the aortic arch: a literature review.

Many anatomical variations of the branching pattern of the aortic arch have been documented in the literature. These find their origin in alterations to the embryological development of the arch and have significant implications for surgical and radiological interventions. Embase and Medline database searches were carried out in June 2021 and identified 1197 articles, of which 24 were considered eligible. Twenty-eight variations were found. The prevalence of the six main variations found is as follows: normal configuration (61.2-92.59%); bovine arch type 1 (4.95-31.2%); bovine arch type 2 (0.04-24%); origin of left vertebral artery (0.17-15.3%); aberrant right subclavian artery (0.08-3.33%); thyroid ima artery (0.08-2%). Concomitant variations present in conjunction with these variations are also documented, as were other variations which could not be classified into these six groups. Anatomical variations in the branching pattern of the aortic arch are present in over one-third of individuals in some populations. These are important pre- and intra-operatively during thoracic, neck and thyroid surgery. A greater effort should be employed to construct an official classification to facilitate greater understanding among clinicians.

Comparison of Foot Arch in Shod and Unshod Individuals in East Gojjam, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The human foot has three arches. The medial longitudinal arch is the longest, the highest, and the most important. The development of a normal foot arch is greatly affected by genetic inheritance, differences in the environment, socioeconomic development, body weight, sex, ethnicity, and culture. The purpose of this study was to compare the arch type between shoe-wearing and barefooted individuals. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The data obtained were checked for clarity and consistency before analysis. The analysis was done using descriptive statistics and chi-square. p-values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. From a total of 446 subjects, 217 (48.7%) were males, 131 (29.6%) were urban residents and 226 (50.6 %) were shoe wearers. From the total sample, 46.2%, 42.8%, and 11% are high, normal, and flat-arched individuals, respectively. Of the shoe wearers, 6.7% have a flat arch while 4.3% of the barefooted subjects are flat-arched. Of the total flat-arched subjects, 8.3% are males and 2.7% are females. Of the urban residents, 17.5% have a flat foot and 8.3% of rural residents were flat arched. Among the shoe wearers, 8.8% use closed-toe shoes, and 4.4% that wear sandals are flat-arched. The result indicates sex, type of shoes, wearing shoes, and being barefooted affected the development of the foot arch.

X-ray morphometric analysis of the position of the teeth relative to the occlusal plane in persons with physiological occlusion of the dentition

According to the results of X-ray studies of 74 patients of youthful and first period of mature age with physiological occlusion, the boundaries of the variability of the inclination angles of premolars and molars to the occlusal plane were determined. Patients, taking into account the size of the interincisal angle of antagonizing medial incisors, were divided into three groups with protrusion (n=23), mesotrusion (n=33) and retrusion (n=18) types of dental arches. It was established that in patients of the first group in the upper jaw, the inclination angles of the first premolars (92.34±3.16°), second premolars (95.57±3.03°), first molars (91.31±2.56° ), second molars (83.52±2.45°) to the occlusal plane is statistically significantly higher than similar dimensional parameters (87.95±2.17°, 85.06±2.87°, 81.49±2.06°, 76.47±2.49°, p≤0.05) in patients of the third group. In people of the second group on the upper jaw, the indicators of the angles of inclination of the first premolars (90.23±2.65°), second premolars (88.36±2.36°), first molars (84.02±2.61°), second molars (78.64±2.17°) to the occlusal plane occupy an intermediate position between the angular values of the patients of the first and third groups. In patients of the first group in the lower jaw, the dimensions of the inclination angles of the first premolars (91.76±1.78°), second premolars (96.73±2.06°), first molars (100.45±3.18°), second molars (104.51±3.35°) to the occlusal plane is statistically significantly less than similar dimensional values (99.89±3.01°, 104.32±3.14°, 107.29±3.09°, 111, 72±2.08°, p≤0.05) of patients of the third group. In people of the second group on the lower jaw, the parameters of the inclination angles of the first premolars (94.49±3.05°), second premolars (101.52±2.87°), first molars (104.96±3.08°), second molars (109.21±2.75°) to the occlusal plane occupy a middle position between the angular values of the patients of the first and third groups. The proposed method for analyzing the angles of inclination to the occlusal plane is of scientific and applied significance in the formation of an information electronic database for standardization and certification of X-ray morphometric studies, as well as an adequate interpretation of the data of X-ray studies of the maxillofacial region in normal and under various pathological conditions.

Accuracy of indirect bracket placement with medium-soft, transparent, broad-coverage transfer trays fabricated using computer-aided design and manufacturing: An in-vivo study

The objective of this study was to test the precision of in-vivo indirect bracket placement via medium-soft, transparent, broad-coverage, computer-aided designed and manufactured transfer trays using an automated digital method. Seventeen patients requiring vestibular fixed appliances were consecutively recruited, and bonding accuracy was measured at each bracket, evaluating 3 linear (mesiodistal, buccolingual, and vertical) and 3 angular measurements (torque, tip, and rotation) with an automated method involving digital superimposition of individual teeth. Mean and standard deviation values were calculated for both arches, single arch, and tooth type, and the percentages of single deviations over the thresholds of 0.25 mm and 1° were calculated, as well as maximum and minimum values for each deviation and directional bias. Correlations between each variable (arch, tooth type, and single tooth) and deviations were investigated through classification and regression trees (CART) predictive models. Neither mean nor single linear deviations ever exceeded the set cutoff value of 0.25 mm. Mean angular deviations never exceeded 1°, but some individual angular deviations did, specifically 8.31% of torque, 13.16% of tip, and 7.16% of rotation deviations. The highest percentage of deviation was recorded for rotation of the maxillary incisors (18.11%). No evident trend in directional deviation bias was found. Tooth type appears to influence mesiodistal and torque deviations, whereas the single tooth variable influenced the percentage of rotation deviations exceeding 1° (P<0.05). This computer-aided designed and manufactured medium-soft, transparent transfer tray provides accurate bracket placement and could be recommended for routinely fixed orthodontics.

Manual and Visual Clinical Assessment of Foot Type and Posture Correlate Poorly with Radiographic Assessment

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Accurate characterization of foot type can facilitate identification of patients at risk for different foot disorders and direct operative treatment. Foot type can be determined qualitatively with visual assessment and quantitatively using arch index (AI), calcaneal pitch (CP), Meary's angle (MA), and foot posture index (FPI). Agreement between various foot typing measures is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement between different measurements of foot type. We hypothesized that quantitative measures would have better interrater reliability than qualitative measures, and that visual assessment of foot type would be strongly correlated with radiographic assessment. Methods: Bilateral foot photographs were acquired from 92 asymptomatic participants (50 men, 42 women, mean age of 43.3+- 18.6 years) to assess photographic arch type (PAT) and photographic foot posture (PFP). Hindfoot alignment and lateral radiographs were acquired of each foot to assess calcaneal pitch (CP), Meary's angle (MA), x-ray foot posture (XFP), and x-ray arch type (XAT). Photographs and radiographs were assessed by five reviewers in random order. Foot Posture Index (FPI) was determined through manual exam. Arch Index (AI) was measured on lightbox images. Interrater reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for continuous variables and Kendall's W for categorical variables. Correlations between measures and sensitivity/specificity were assessed using calcaneal pitch as the reference standard with cavus feet &gt;= 26 degrees and planus feet measuring &lt;= 19 degrees. Results: Interrater reliability of XFP (W=0.522), XAT (W=0.676), PAT (W=0.831), PFP (W=0.612) ranged from strong to extremely strong. Interrater reliability of MA (ICC=0.711) and CP (ICC=0.804) were moderate and good. Correlations between foot arch measurements ranged from low to high (Table 1). Fair correlations were identified between foot posture measurements (r=0.356 to r=0.442). Overall, XAT had the greatest sensitivity and specificity for planus (0.68, 0.93) and normal feet (0.92, 0.62), and the greatest specificity for cavus feet (0.98). AI demonstrated the greatest sensitivity (0.47) for cavus feet. Compared to AI, photographs had superior sensitivity for identifying normal feet (0.73 vs. 0.43), the greatest sensitivity for identifying planus feet (0.54 vs. 0.06), and the greatest specificity for identifying cavus feet (0.95 vs. 0.71). Conclusion: Agreement between methods varied widely, suggesting that classification is dependent upon methodology and cutoff values selected. PAT had the highest interrater reliability, whereas correlation between XAT and PAT was moderate, suggesting that radiographs are needed to accurately assess the longitudinal arch.

Commonest location of traumatic ulcers in edentulous patients after denture insertion

Aim: To evaluate frequency of commonest location of traumatic oral ulcers after complete denture insertion and find out their association with age, gender and arch type. Study design: Cross sectional observational study Place and duration: Prosthodontic department of Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University Islamabad, from 11th Feb.,2022 till 11th April 2022. Methodology: A sample of 150 completely edentulous patients were clinically checked for traumatic ulcer development after insertion of complete denture. Frequently involved anatomical sites were noted in both arches. Denture surfaces were assessed to find out the frequently existing denture problems responsible for ulcers. Results: Out of total 150 patients 37.3% with oral ulcers were males and 62.7 % were female. 61-70 years old age group reported with frequent ulcers 48.7%. Frequently observed oral ulcer site in maxilla was sulci 10.0% and in mandible was ridge 24.7%. Frequently observed denture problem responsible for ulcer formation was denture surface roughness 46.7%. Association with age, gender and arch type was significant; p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: Frequent ulcers develop in mandibular arch as compared to maxilla and commonest sites of ulcer developments are the ridges and sulci. Old age and female predisposition have been seen in ulcer development. Keywords: Complete dentures, Mandibular arch, Maxillary arch, oral ulcers, traumatic ulcers, post insertion complains

Arch and Great Vessel Geometry From a Transradial Angiographic Approach

Background Neuroendovascular practices are transitioning from transfemoral to a radial‐first approach for cerebral angiography. Developing radial‐specific devices requires a comprehensive understanding of vessel size and geometry encountered from a right radial approach. We developed a database of aortic arch and vessel measurements relevant for radial‐specific device development. Methods The database contained 100 consecutive neck computed tomographic angiograms conducted on a 256‐slice emergency department computed tomographic scanner. Arch characteristics and measurements obtained from 1‐cm maximum intensity projection reformats included arch type and diameter, bifurcation angles, and distances from the arch to vessel origins. Statistical analysis was conducted using Excel and R. Results The database contained 56 female and 44 male patients; the average age was 62 years. A total of 46% had type 2 or 3 arch configuration, 19% had bovine configuration, and 5% had a left vertebral artery originating directly from the arch. Median angles at the arch from the innominate ranged from 20° to 47° and at branch vessels from 16° to 63° with large variation. The left carotid bifurcation was ≈8 cm further than the right carotid bifurcation. The left vertebral artery origin was median 3.8 cm from the arch. Conclusions We cataloged aortic arch and vessel geometries that have implications for catheter and device performance from a transradial approach. For example, a standard guide catheter that is adequate length for the right anterior circulation must be at least 8 cm longer for comparable distal support on the left because of the difference in distance from the right to the left. Catheter tip shape may be further optimized to improve vessel selection. Currently used catheters make a reverse curve angle of ≈15°, although most great vessels are at between 15° and 45°. Finally, the length of the distal arm of reverse curve catheters is just &gt;4 cm, frequently inadequate to easily reach the left vertebral artery origin (median distance, 3.8 cm in this study). Transradial devices should be developed with these constraints in mind. This database provides benchmarks for future catheter design.

Non-Linear Instability of Pin-Ended Functionally Graded Material Arches Under Locally Distributed Radial Loads

The arch is a common structural form in bridge engineering; its collapse is often caused by instability. In this article, in-plane nonlinear instability of pin-ended functionally graded material (FGM) arches with two cross-sectional types under local radial loads is studied. New analytical solutions to nonlinear equilibrium paths, limit point instability, bifurcation instability, and multiple limit point instability of pin-ended FGM arches under local radial load are obtained. Modified slenderness corresponding to different instability patterns of FGM arches is also derived. Comparison with the numerical results of ANSYS demonstrates that the analytical solution is accurate. The results show that cross-sectional types of FGM arches have a great influence on limit-point instability and bifurcation instability. Localized parameters increase lead-to-limit point instability load and bifurcation instability load increases, while increasing the modified slenderness ratio results in decreased limit point instability load and bifurcation instability load. In addition, a material proportion coefficient and power law index increase can also lead to limit point instability load and bifurcation instability load decrease.

Trueness of intraoral scanning of edentulous arches: A comparative clinical study.

To compare the accuracy of intraoral scanning (IOS) of the edentulous arch with the hybrid protocol of cast digitization (CD), and to investigate the effect of arch type and area on trueness. Participants that were edentulous in both arches were recruited. Two impression protocols were used; the IOS as the test protocol with an IOS device (TRIOS 4; 3Shape, Denmark), and the CD as the control, including tracing compound (TRACING STICKS; Kemdent, UK) for border molding, polyvinyl siloxane (Hydrorise Monophase; Zhermack, Italy) for impression, and cast digitization with a laboratory scanner (ceramill® map400, AMANNGIRRBACH, Germany). Scanned files were exported to a 3D inspection software (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems, NC) for trueness analysis. The CD file (reference file) for each participant was split into 2 areas; the dynamic area representing the mobile tissues at the peripheral border, and the static area representing the rest of the arch. Statistical analyses were performed with 1-sample t-test for the difference between CD and IOS protocols, paired sample t-test for the difference between the static and dynamic areas for each arch, and an independent sample t-test for the difference between the maxillary and mandibular arches for each area, with α=0.05. Effect size was calculated with Cohen's d (d), with 0.2 as small, 0.5 as medium, and 0.8 as large. A total of 21 participants were included. The difference between the IOS and CD protocol was significant for all subset comparisons (p<0.001, d: 2.5-6.2, large effect size). Dynamic areas had lower trueness in comparison with static areas (p<0.001, d=4.57, large effect size for the maxillary arch, p<0.001, d=3.96, large effect size for the mandibular arch). Mandibular arch had lower trueness in comparison with the maxillary arch (p<0.001, d=1.45, large effect size for the static areas, p=0.009, d=0.85, large effect size for the dynamic areas, p<0.001, d=1.71, large effect size for all areas). Color difference map showed marked positive deviation in the buccal dynamic areas of both arches, and nonmatching areas with evident overstretching. While the IOS of edentulous arches could be feasible for attached mucosa, providing a functional shape for the peripheral border remains a challenge, with a thinner and more outward border for the IOS in comparison with the CD protocol. The IOS of the mandibular arch is more difficult and has lower trueness in comparison with the maxillary arch.