ArcGIS System Research Articles

Characteristics of the spatial distribution of pollutants in the Shkumbin River, using the Inverse Distance Weighting Method

The Shkumbin River is one of the largest in the country, with a length of 181 km, a catchmentarea of 2444 km2, and an average height of its sources of 753 m. For the specificity of the ShkumbinRiver and the importance of the use of its waters, it is necessary to continuously study the level of waterquality and the level of pollution, especially in its lower reaches, where agricultural and urban activitiesare concentrated and industrial.The study was carried out in the period 2021–2022, in the Shkumbin River watershed, and eight stationswere selected as representative points of the main stream of the Shkumbin River. In the context ofindustrial and urban development, the preservation of the natural environment takes on specialimportance. The solution to this problem requires the hydrochemical study of water sources, which isnecessary for the control of their condition, and the study of compounds and polluting phenomena. Inorder to study the distribution of organic pollutants and heavy metals and obtain pollutant distributionpictures using the ArcGIS system, the Inverse Distance Weighting Method was used.

The Long-Term Care with Focus on an Integrative Care Model in the Slovak Republic: A Pilot Study

An integrative care model is a challenge and the future of social and healthcare systems globally in establishing interdisciplinary cooperation. The integrative care model responds to the needs of patients suffering from various diseases as well as their families. Planning and policy making should involve professionals in both the medical and social care disciplines; additionally, the management and administrators of social and healthcare services, at both the national and community levels, are crucial in integrating health services. This article aims to present and describe the selection methods of functional groupings of municipalities as appropriate locations for implementing care practices for elderly, in this case an integrative social and health services model. The study employed an exploratory mixed methods design. The proposed methodology of the selection of the functional groupings of municipalities has a mixed-methodological character, consisting of quantitative as well as qualitative methods. Our research focused on quantitative data processing using two approaches: the multicriteria evaluation method to create a composite index and the ArcGIS system to express the geographical distribution of the value of the composite index. The qualitative document study was applied to analyses of community-based plans for health and social services. The methodology also includes an evaluation of municipalities, which was not the subject of our paper. Furthermore, the article suggests the need to consider other factors in connection with the methodology of the selection of functional groupings and explains some of its limitations in the discussion.

Understanding Slovakian Gas Well Performance and Capability through ArcGIS System Mapping

There are two important territories in Slovakia with functioning gas well operations: the Eastern Slovak Lowland and the Vienna Basin. This article focuses on the creation of electronic monitoring and graphical mapping of the current technical conditions of gas wells in the Eastern Slovak Lowland. An analysis of the gas wells’ current state in the terrain is available. The aim of the article is to draw attention to the current state of gas wells, such as the insufficient processing of gas wells, the lack of summary and uniform records concerning them, and the lack of an electronic system for monitoring the technical security of the wells. The scientific contribution of this article lies in its ability to interpret and address operational problems related to gas wells. Through analogy, the step algorithm expresses the possibility of also using gas wells for oil, geothermal and hydrogeological wells. The intention was to highlight the importance of the need to create a database for the security and strategic needs of the state regarding the storage of natural gas. As of yet, no computer or graphic system has been used in Slovakia to monitor, unify and clarify the actual technical condition of gas wells. Using the ArcGIS electronic and graphical software tool, the mapping and recording of gas wells was carried out in the area under investigation. The mapping was completed with the mentioned technical patterns. These patterns have the information found on individual gas wells. After the information is added to the database, this mapping can also be carried out in another important area with functioning gas wells, such as in the Vienna Basin, which could be another theme for further research in this area.

USING THE AUTOMATIC VECTORISATION METHOD IN GENERATING THE VECTOR ALTIMETRY OF THE HISTORICAL VLTAVA RIVER VALLEY

The article describes, in detail, the generation procedure of vector altimetry of an upper and middle course of the Vltava River historical valley. By the historical valley, the shape of the river valley before the construction of dams on the Vltava River in the second half of the 20th century is understood. The vector altimetry will serve as the base for creating a 3D model of this valley. The initial input data were old maps, specifically scanned first-edition prints of the State Map 1 : 5 000 - Derived (SMO-5). By combining automatic and manual vectorisation, the altimetry component of these maps (contour lines and spot elevations) will be converted to a vector format. Individual processing steps, including the description of automatic vectorisation in the ArcScan extension to the ArcGIS system, together with examples of the results, are presented in the text below.

Radon Distribution in Baghdad Governorate by Using Remote sensing techniques

The Radon gas fixations were estimated for toxins condition with in Baghdad governorate utilizing Rad-7device. The work comprises of 3rd sections; its initial segment incorporates the assurance of Rn222 gas fixations in air dust tests. The 2nd part includes measurements for radon in water in Baghdad. The third part includes radon in Soil in Baghdad. All these measurements were done to prepare maps for distribution of radon in soil, water, and air in using Arc-GIS system and landsat satellite image of Baghdad.

Forecast and assessment of the effects of the impact of mining tremors, induced by exploitation, on building objects with the use of GIS system

The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using the GIS (Geographic Information System) class system to forecast and assess the impact of mining tremors on buildings located on the surface. The research was conducted with reference to the scope of activities which should be carried out by the mining entrepreneur, conducting exploitation in conditions of seismic hazard, specified in the Rules for the use of the GSIS-2017 mining seismic intensity scale. Due to the fact that the implementation of the mining tasks in a coal mine requires the processing of a huge number of information, deriving from different sources, it can be considered that it is a deliberate use of the GIS class systems. The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using the GIS class systems based on a database developed in the ArcGIS system, containing observation material from the area of one of the coal mines, operating in the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The research has shown that the ArcGIS tooling system allows for the implementation of almost all tasks in the scope of the assessment of the mining tremors impact, including documenting damage to objects. In the case of tasks concerning forecasting the support programs are required.

Agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso for the production of soybean seeds of early cultivars

Abstract: The objective of this work was to carry out the agroclimatic zoning of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, in order to identify the regions with the best climatic conditions for producing seeds with high quality of early soybean cultivars. For this purpose, the average monthly temperature data from 11 conventional and 34 automated meteorological stations were used. Due to the low number of stations with data temperature available, this variable was estimated using spatial regression equations, having latitude, longitude and altitude as input variables. Regions with high or low climatic risk were defined according to the average temperatures observed in January and February. The following three categories were established: favorable (≤ 24 °C); moderately favorable (24.1 to 25 °C) and slightly favorable (≥ 25.1 °C). For the material confection, map usage, and geographical data compilation, the inverse distance squared weighted interpolation method was applied. The ArcGIS system was employed to compose the thematic map, in which the best areas for producing seeds of early soybean cultivar were marked. Most of the Southeastern, and Western regions of Mato Grosso were considered to be favorable for producing high quality seeds of early soybean cultivars (average temperature ≤ 24 °C).

Management of the post-industrial and degraded lands using ArcGIS: the Silesia region example

The basic legal regulations concerning the transformation of the post-industrial and degraded areas have been presented. The scope of data, resulting, among others, from The Act on Environmental Protection, relevant for the realization of the tasks in the scope of the mentioned above areas, has been specified. Due to the fact that these tasks should be realized using the IT system, a database was developed in the ArcGIS system containing, among others, the following data: a general assessment of the technical condition of development, information whether the area is a part of the mining or post-mining area, whether there are land deformations associated with the mining exploitation. The possibilities of using spatial analyses to support the realization of the tasks concerning the transformation of industrial and degraded areas have been presented.

Atmospheric emission inventory of SO3 from coal-fired power plants in China in the period 2009–2014

Sulfur trioxide (SO3) pollution is becoming another severe problem in coal-fired power plants after SO2, NOx, and PM, however, the characteristics of SO3 emission in China remains unclear. In this paper, we established a refined activity data, and summarized the removal efficiency of different control technologies according to the literature review and field test results. An emission inventory of SO3 from coal-fired power plants in China between 2009 and 2014 was developed, which indicated the SO3 emission increased from 199.7 kilotons (kt) to 314.6 kt at an average annual growth rate of 9.7%. The results show that Neimenggu, Shānxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong and Guizhou were the largest emitters, accounting for 49.7% of the total SO3 emissions in 2014. We analyzed the historical data with ArcGIS system, which allocates the emission into 36 km × 36 km grid cells. In addition, the result shows the unevenly spatial distribution. Combined with future economic development as well as implementation of policy, three different scenarios were set to project SO3 emission in coal-fired power plants in 2020, which represented the potential of SO3 emission reduction. Compared with scenario A, SO3 emission can be reduced to 83.9 kt in scenario B, and in scenarios C, SO3 emission can be reduced to 38.4 kt. Coal-fired power plants should adopt different technology routes to meet the ultra-low emission requirement and reduce the SO3 emission according to the boiler type, sulfur content, and the emission standard.

CHANGE OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY FROM INDUSTRIAL AREA ORADEA, ROMANIA, USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

During the years 1965-1985, a veritable industrial platform was developed in the west part of Oradea, Bihor County, Romania. It stretches on an area of 9 sq. km. and is placed in the meadow of Crisul Repede River. Throughout that period, several industrial facilities were built that lately became sources of pollution for the environment. The purpose of the present paper is to study the influence of historical stages of industrialization and restructuring of enterprises in Western Oradea, addressing the evolution of groundwater quality, by mainly using geospatial analysis means. The evolution of some parameters in the water samples taken from drilling wells which characterize the groundwater quality were analyzed over a period of 30 years by using a pre-existing database, provided by the Romanian Waters National Administration Crisuri branch. The ArcGIS system was used to highlight the spatial trends of the analyzed indicators on 16 maps. The available values have been incorporated into a pre-existing database, developed in ESRI ArcGIS 9.3. The results regarding the industrial sources indicated an extensive pollution process of the groundwater in the years 1977, 1990, and a reduction of the pollutants concentrations in the recent monitoring years. Contrary to this evolution, the nitrate concentration increased toward 2008, exeeding the admitted limits. It is also noted, that until 1990 the pollution of the groundwater is rather of industrial nature and after 1990 the level of industrial pollution decreases, as in the restricted areas the agricultural pollution is amplified.

Plavica epithermal Au–Ag–Cu deposit in eastern Macedonia: Geology and 3D model of valuable component distribution in ore

The Plavica Au–Ag–Cu deposit is related to the large Neogene volcanic center, which complicates the paleocaldera in the central Kratovo–Zletovo ore district of eastern Macedonia. Based on the geology, ore mineralogy, wall-rock alteration, and fluid inclusions, the Plavica deposit has been referred to the epithermal high-sulfidation type. The general 3D model of orebody at this deposit is based on its general geological structure and complex distribution of metal contents. The framework of the 3D model, which has been constructed in the ArcGIS System, comprises 195 exploration boreholes 47295.8 m in total length. The 3D model allows to a better understanding of distribution of mineralization and supplements the geological data on the deposit.

There Is Low-Hanging Fruit up There: Urban Accessibility of Street Markets in Santiago, Chile

Background According to Chile´s National Association of Street Markets, there are 925 street markets in the country, which sell about 75% of fruits and vegetables are sold every year in the country. The popularity of street markets is, in part, explained by the fact that green products cost between 30- 0% less than in supermarkets. Until now, most research on street markets in Latin America have examined aspects other than urban accessibility Aims: to analyze how much of the urban grid is covered by street markets in each of the municipalities of Santiago, Chile, considering a 600 m threshold (roughly equivalent of a 10-minute walk), as well as the percentage of households of the different income groups with access to these markets within this threshold. Methods Using the Network Analyst tool of SIG-based Arc GIS system 10.0, the 331 streets markets were analyzed in terms of accessibility overlaid on the street axis map of Santiago. Results Street markets cover 52% of the city´s urban grid. It is also indicates that this percentage varies depending on people's income. This research also showed that 59% of households in the city have a street market within the ten-minute-walk threshold. However, this figure changes depending on the socioeconomic group: households of lower income are more likely to have a street market in their vicinity than affluent ones. Indeed, while only 28.6% of all households in the ABC1 group have a street market within the 600 m radius, nearly 70% of all households belonging to the D and E groups can access a street market within the same distance. Conclusions Chile's nutritional policies should incorporate street markets as key players in the fight against obesity and sedentary lifestyles.

Digital Geological Mapping of Sinus Iridum Area of the Moon Based on the Chang'E‐I Data

AbstractBased on the CCD images, IIM data and DEM data of China's lunar exploration project (Chang'E‐I) and related processed and analytic results, an integrated study of regional geology of Sinus Iridum and its adjacent area was conducted, and a series of relevant researches and analyses were carried out, including analysis of impact craters and their extrusive and accumulative materials, division of stratigraphic and tectonic units and classification of rock types, integrated analysis of chronology and lunar evolution history. In consideration of crater's shape features, quantity and preserving status of filling materials, the lunar impact craters can be divided into 7 types and 11 subtypes, and the accumulative materials of craters are divided into 6 types and 9 accumulative groups. According to the content and distribution of TiO2 and image characteristics, the basalts are divided into high‐TiO2, medium‐TiO2 and low‐TiO2 basalts. Discussion was made on division of tectonic units and evolution features in the study area. The geological map of the Sinus Iridum Quadrangle (LQ‐4) at a scale of 1:2.5 M was preliminarily compiled with the ArcGIS system, and the spatial database of the map was established. Related technical specification, procedure and method for lunar geological mapping have been worked out, so as to lay a foundation for the forthcoming geological mapping of the global Moon in China by using the data of Chang'E‐II and also for comprehensive study and geological mapping of other celestial bodies in the future.

Evaluation of Locations for Small Wind Turbines in Costal Urban Areas Based on a Wind Energy Potential Map

The purpose of the study was to evaluate potential locations for the installation of small wind turbines in urban areas. Four study sites in An-Ping, Tainan were chosen for measurement in this empirical study. The measurement data were used to verify the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The weather information was gathered in order to understand the overall wind environment in the studied area. CFD software was used to simulate the wind environment in the study area from 16 directions. The distribution of wind environment was first presented, and then the distribution of exceedance probability in each grid, which was based on an exceedance probability assessment, was obtained. In addition to the installation heights of the turbines, the influence of surrounding buildings was taken into consideration. Finally, a wind energy potential map indicating the potential regions and non-potential regions for installing small wind turbines was illustrated by the ArcGIS system. A wind energy potential map, superimposed with locations of buildings of different floor heights, was used to evaluate the possible sites for the installment of small wind turbines at heights of 10, 20, and 30 m. The results proved that installing micro wind turbines in open spaces and on the roofs of three-, four-, and five-story buildings at a height of 20 m is relatively beneficial for coastal urban areas.

Geo-mapping of caries risk in children and adolescents - a novel approach for allocation of preventive care

BackgroundDental caries in children is unevenly distributed within populations with a higher burden in low socio-economy groups. Thus, tools are needed to allocate resources and establish evidence-based programs that meet the needs of those at risk. The aim of the study was to apply a novel concept for presenting epidemiological data based on caries risk in the region of Halland in southwest Sweden, using geo-maps.MethodsThe study population consisted of 46,536 individuals between 3-19 years of age (75% of the eligible population) from whom caries data were reported in 2010. Reported dmfs/DMFS>0 for an individual was considered as the primary caries outcome. Each study individual was geo-coded with respect to his/her residence parish. A parish-specific relative risk (RR) was calculated as the observed-to-expected ratio, where the expected number of individuals with dmfs/DMFS>0 was obtained from the age- and sex-specific caries (dmfs/DMFS>0) rates for the total study population. Smoothed caries risk geo-maps, along with corresponding statistical certainty geo-maps, were produced by using the free software Rapid Inquiry Facility and the ESRI® ArcGIS system.ResultsThe geo-maps of preschool children (3-6 years), schoolchildren (7-11 years) and adolescents (12-19 years) displayed obvious geographical variations in caries risk, albeit most marked among the preschoolers. Among the preschool children the smoothed relative risk (SmRR) varied from 0.33 to 2.37 in different parishes. With increasing age, the contrasts seemed to diminish although the gross geographical risk pattern persisted also among the adolescents (SmRR range 0.75-1.20).ConclusionGeo-maps based on caries risk may provide a novel option to allocate resources and tailor supportive and preventive measures within regions with sections of the population with relatively high caries rates.

Editing and versioning for high performance network models in a multiuser environment

Network data models are frequently used as a mechanism to describe the connectivity between spatial features in GIS applications. Real-life network models are dynamic in nature since spatial features can be periodically modified to reflect changes in the real world objects that they model. Such updates may change the connectivity relations with the other features in the model. In order to perform analysis the connectivity must be reestablished. Existing editing frameworks are not suitable for a dynamic environment, since they require network connectivity to be reconstructed from scratch. Another requirement for GIS network models is to provide support for a multiuser environment, where users are simultaneously creating and updating large amounts of geographic information. The system must support edit sessions that typically span a number of days or weeks, the facility to undo or redo changes made to the data, and the ability to develop models and alternative application designs without affecting the published database. The row-locking mechanisms adopted by many DBMSs is prohibitively restrictive for many common workflows. To deal with long-lasting transactions, a solution based on versioning is thus preferrable. In this paper we provide a unified solution to the problems of dynamic editing and versioning of network models. We first propose an efficient algorithm that incrementally maintains connectivity within a dynamic network. Our solution is based on the notion of dirty areas and dirty objects (i.e., regions or elements containing edits that have not been reflected in the network connectivity index). The dirty areas and objects are identified and marked during the editing of the network feature data; they are then subsequently cleaned and connectivity is re-built. Furthermore, for improving performance, we propose a `hyperedge' extension to the basic network model. A hyperedge drastically decreases the number of edge elements accessed during solve time on large networks; this in turn leads to faster solve operations. We show how our connectivity maintenance algorithms can support the hyperedge enhanced model. We then propose a new network model versioning scheme that utilizes the dirty areas/objects of the connectivity rebuild algorithm. Our scheme uses flexible reconciling rules that allow the definition of a resolving mechanism between conflicting edits according to user needs. Moreover, the utilization of dirty areas/objects minimizes the overhead of tracking the editing history. The unified editing and versioning solution has been implemented and tested within ESRI's ArcGIS system.

Application of ArcGIS in the Calculation of Basins Rainfall-Runoff

Abstract It is key issue to predict the rainfall-runoff process on the Kuronagi River before the joint sediment flushing and sluicing of Dashidaira and Unazuki dams at the downstream of the Kurobe River. In this paper, the ArcGIS system is used to produce the digital basin of the Kuronagi River, the distributed Kinematic Wave hydrological model is used to calculate the rainfall-runoff process on the Kuronagi River, and the results are in good agreement with the observations. The results show that with the progress of rainfall observation techniques and computational methods, the development of digital land information and the effective application of GIS technology, a relatively simple rainfall-runoff model can get higher precision results.

Residual geoid and free-air gravity over the indian offshore from ers-1 high resolution altimeter data

In this study, ERS-1 altimeter data over the Indian offshore have been processed for deriving marine geoid and gravity. Processing of altimeter data involves corrections for various atmospheric and oceanographic effects, stacking and averaging of repeat passes, cross-over correction, removal of deeper earth and bathymetric effects, spectral analyses and conversion of geoid into free-air gravity anomaly. Methods for generation of residual geoid and free-air gravity anomaly using high resolution ERS-1 168 day repeat altimeter data were developed. High resolution detailed geoid maps, gravity anomaly and their spectral components have been generated over the Indian offshore using ERS-I altimeter data and ARCGIS system. A number of known megastructures over the study area have been successfully interpreted e.g. Bombay High, Saurastra platform, 90° east ridge etc. from these maps.