Arbitrary Exponent Research Articles

Sign Conditions for Injectivity of Generalized Polynomial Maps with Applications to Chemical Reaction Networks and Real Algebraic Geometry

We give necessary and sufficient conditions in terms of sign vectors for the injectivity of families of polynomial maps with arbitrary real exponents defined on the positive orthant. Our work relates and extends existing injectivity conditions expressed in terms of Jacobian matrices and determinants. In the context of chemical reaction networks with power-law kinetics, our results can be used to preclude as well as to guarantee multiple positive steady states. In the context of real algebraic geometry, our work recognizes a prior result of Craciun, Garcia-Puente, and Sottile, together with work of two of the authors, as the first partial multivariate generalization of the classical Descartes’ rule, which bounds the number of positive real roots of a univariate real polynomial in terms of the number of sign variations of its coefficients.

Some thoughts concerning power sums

In this note we present an elementary way to derive directly closed-form expressions for power sums. Applying this method, we deduce some general results on power sums with arbitrary exponents. Finally, we give an outlook on higher mathematical connections between power sums, Stirling and Bernoulli numbers.

Random attractor for stochastic wave equation with arbitrary exponent and additive noise on $\mathbb{R}^n$

Asymptotic random dynamics of weak solutions for a damped stochastic wave equation with the nonlinearity of arbitrarily large exponent and the additive noise on $\mathbb{R}^n$ is investigated. The existence of a pullback random attractor is proved in a parameter region with a breakthrough in proving the pullback asymptotic compactness of the cocycle with the quasi-trajectories defined on the integrable function space of arbitrary exponent and on the unbounded domain of arbitrary dimension.

The collision integral kernels of the scalar nonlinear Boltzmann equation for pseudopower potentials

Analytic expressions are obtained for the collision integral kernels of the isotropic nonlinear Boltzmann equation for pseudopower interaction potentials. It is shown that for an arbitrary power exponent, the kernels can be expressed in terms of hypergeometric functions. In some cases, the kernels can be expressed in terms of elementary functions.

Anomalous scaling of passive scalar fields advected by the Navier-Stokes velocity ensemble: effects of strong compressibility and large-scale anisotropy.

The field theoretic renormalization group and the operator product expansion are applied to two models of passive scalar quantities (the density and the tracer fields) advected by a random turbulent velocity field. The latter is governed by the Navier-Stokes equation for compressible fluid, subject to external random force with the covariance ∝δ(t-t')k(4-d-y), where d is the dimension of space and y is an arbitrary exponent. The original stochastic problems are reformulated as multiplicatively renormalizable field theoretic models; the corresponding renormalization group equations possess infrared attractive fixed points. It is shown that various correlation functions of the scalar field, its powers and gradients, demonstrate anomalous scaling behavior in the inertial-convective range already for small values of y. The corresponding anomalous exponents, identified with scaling (critical) dimensions of certain composite fields ("operators" in the quantum-field terminology), can be systematically calculated as series in y. The practical calculation is performed in the leading one-loop approximation, including exponents in anisotropic contributions. It should be emphasized that, in contrast to Gaussian ensembles with finite correlation time, the model and the perturbation theory presented here are manifestly Galilean covariant. The validity of the one-loop approximation and comparison with Gaussian models are briefly discussed.

Anisotropic scale invariant spacetimes and black holes in Zwei-Dreibein Gravity

We show that Zwei-Dreibein Gravity (ZDG), a bigravity theory recently proposed by Bergshoeff, de Haan, Hohm, Merbis, and Townsend in Phys.Rev.Lett. 111 (2013) 111102, admits exact solutions with anisotropic scale invariance. These type of geometries are the three-dimensional analogues of the spacetimes which were proposed as gravity duals for condensed matter systems. In particular, we find Schr\"odinger invariant spaces as well as Lifshitz spaces with arbitrary dynamical exponent $z$. We also find black holes that are asymptotically Lifshitz with $z=3$, showing that these (non-constant curvature) solutions of New Massive Gravity (NMG) are persistent after the introduction of the infinite tower of higher-curvature terms of ZDG, provided a renormalization of the parameters. Black holes in asymptotically warped Anti-de Sitter spaces are also found. Interestingly, in almost all the geometries studied in this work, the metric associated with the second dreibein turns out to be equivalent, up to a constant global factor, to the first one. This phenomenon has been previously observed in other bigravity theories in asymptotically flat and asymptotically Anti-de Sitter backgrounds. However, for the particular case of the $z=3$ Lifshitz black hole, here we found that the second metric corresponds to a different black hole that coincides with the former only in the asymptotic region. In fact, we find a new family of $z=3$ black holes that corresponds to a one-parameter deformation of the NMG solution.

Transmission Probability Design for Random-Access-Based Wireless Peer Discovery

This letter investigates the optimization of the transmission probability (TP) for wireless peer discovery operations based on a simple random access. This TP is a key parameter that determines whether peers transmit or receive in half-duplex operation; that is, it affects both the amount of interference and the number of information sinks. Accordingly, this letter analytically describes the properties of the optimal TP in terms of maximizing the average number of successfully discovered peers and then designs a suboptimal TP that preserves these properties under wireless environments with arbitrary path-loss exponent and noise power values.

Diffusion in periodic, correlated random forcing landscapes

We study the dynamics of a Brownian particle in a strongly correlated quenched random potential defined as a periodically–extended (with period L) finite trajectory of a fractional Brownian motion with arbitrary Hurst exponent . While the periodicity ensures that the ultimate long–time behavior is diffusive, the generalized Sinai potential considered here leads to a strong logarithmic confinement of particle trajectories at intermediate times. These two competing trends lead to dynamical frustration and result in a rich statistical behavior of the diffusion coefficient DL: although one has the typical value , we show via an exact analytical approach that the positive moments () scale like , and the negative ones as , and being numerical constants and β the inverse temperature. These results demonstrate that DL is strongly non-self-averaging. We further show that the probability distribution of DL has a log–normal left tail and a highly singular, one–sided log–stable right tail reminiscent of a Lifshitz singularity.

Stochastic Modeling of Cooperative Multi-Hop Strip Networks With Fixed Hop Boundaries

In this paper, a strip-shaped cooperative multi-hop wireless network is modeled stochastically with quasi-stationary Markov chain. The network is considered to be a fixed boundary decode-and-forward Opportunistic Large Array (OLA), where each level is of the same size and contains the same number of nodes placed randomly. The state of the system is represented by the number of nodes that decode the message in the current level. The distribution of the received power at a node is derived to formulate the transition probability matrix. For the distribution of power, a closed-form expression of the distribution of distance between a pair of nodes in disjoint levels is derived. It is seen that the distribution of distance can be well-approximated by the Weibull distribution. The Weibull approximation is then carried forward to find the distribution of the received power at a node assuming all nodes transmit with the same power and the channel has Rayleigh fading and path loss with an arbitrary exponent. The coverage and outage characteristics for various network sizes and path loss exponents are quantified. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) margin required for a given network coverage is determined by using the Perron-Frobenius theorem of non-negative matrices. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical results.

On the numerical solution of the neutron fractional diffusion equation

In order to core calculation in the nuclear reactors there is a new version of neutron diffusion equation which is established on the fractional partial derivatives, named Neutron Fractional Diffusion Equation (NFDE). In the NFDE model, neutron flux in each zone depends directly on the all previous zones (not only on the nearest neighbors). Under this circumstance, it can be said that the NFDE has the space history. We have developed a one-dimension code, NFDE-1D, which can simulate the reactor core using arbitrary exponent of differential operators. In this work a numerical solution of the NFDE is presented using shifted Grünwald-Letnikov definition of fractional derivative in finite differences frame. The model is validated with some numerical experiments where different orders of fractional derivative are considered (e.g. 0.999, 0.98, 0.96, and 0.94). The results show that the effective multiplication factor (Keff) depends strongly on the order of fractional derivative.

Quantum quench and double trace couplings

We consider quantum quench by a time dependent double trace coupling in a strongly coupled large N field theory which has a gravity dual via the AdS/CFT correspondence. The bulk theory contains a self coupled neutral scalar field coupled to gravity with negative cosmological constant. We study the scalar dynamics in the probe approximation in two backgrounds: AdS soliton and AdS black brane. In either case we find that in equilibrium there is a critical phase transition at a {\em negative} value of the double trace coupling $\kappa$ below which the scalar condenses. For a slowly varying homogeneous time dependent coupling crossing the critical point, we show that the dynamics in the critical region is dominated by a single mode of the bulk field. This mode satisfies a Landau-Ginsburg equation with a time dependent mass, and leads to Kibble Zurek type scaling behavior. For the AdS soliton the system is non-dissipative and has $z=1$, while for the black brane one has dissipative $z=2$ dynamics. We also discuss the features of a holographic model which would describe the non-equilibrium dynamics around quantum critical points with arbitrary dynamical critical exponent $z$ and correlation length exponent $\nu$. These analytical results are supported by direct numerical solutions.

Hyperbent Functions via Dillon-Like Exponents

<?Pub Dtl=""?> This paper is devoted to hyperbent functions with multiple trace terms (including binomial functions) via Dillon-like exponents. We show how the approach developed by Mesnager to extend the Charpin–Gong family, which was also used by Wang and coworkers to obtain another similar extension, fits in a much more general setting. To this end, we first explain how the original restriction for Charpin–Gong criterion can be weakened before generalizing the Mesnager approach to arbitrary Dillon-like exponents. Afterward, we tackle the problem of devising infinite families of extension degrees for which a given exponent is valid and apply these results not only to reprove straightforwardly the results of Mesnager and Wang and coworkers, but also to characterize the hyperbentness of several new infinite classes of Boolean functions. We go into full details only for a few of them, but provide an algorithm (and the corresponding software) to apply this approach to an infinity of other new families. Finally, we compare the asymptotic and practical performances of different characterizations, including these in terms of hyperelliptic curves, and actually build hyperbent functions in cases which could not be attained through naive computations of exponential sums.

Floating-Point Exponentiation Units for Reconfigurable Computing

The high performance and capacity of current FPGAs makes them suitable as acceleration co-processors. This article studies the implementation, for such accelerators, of the floating-point power function x y as defined by the C99 and IEEE 754-2008 standards, generalized here to arbitrary exponent and mantissa sizes. Last-bit accuracy at the smallest possible cost is obtained thanks to a careful study of the various subcomponents: a floating-point logarithm, a modified floating-point exponential, and a truncated floating-point multiplier. A parameterized architecture generator in the open-source FloPoCo project is presented in details and evaluated.

The Casimir Effect for Parallel Plates in the Spacetime with a Fractal Extra Compactified Dimension

The Casimir effect for massless scalar fields satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions on the parallel plates in the presence of one fractal extra compactified dimension is analyzed. We obtain the Casimir energy density by means of the regularization of multiple zeta function with one arbitrary exponent. We find a limit on the scale dimension like \(\delta>\frac{1}{2}\) to keep the negative sign of the renormalized Casimir energy which is the difference between the regularized energy for two parallel plates and the one with no plates. We derive and calculate the Casimir force relating to the influence from the fractal additional compactified dimension between the parallel plates. The larger scale dimension leads to the greater revision on the original Casimir force. The two kinds of curves of Casimir force in the case of integer-numbered extra compactified dimension or fractal one are not superposition, which means that the Casimir force show whether the dimensionality of additional compactified space is integer or fraction.

On the effective potential for Horava–Lifshitz-like theories with the arbitrary critical exponent

We calculate the one-loop effective potential for Horava–Lifshitz-like QED and Yukawa-like theory for arbitrary values of the critical exponent and the space–time dimension.

The Generalized Degrees of Freedom Region of the MIMO Interference Channel and Its Achievability

The generalized degrees of freedom (GDoF) region of the MIMO Gaussian interference channel (IC) is obtained for the general case of an arbitrary number of antennas at each node and where the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and interference-to-noise ratios vary with arbitrary exponents to a nominal SNR. The GDoF-optimal coding scheme involves message splitting and partial interference decoding and consists of linear Gaussian superposition coding of the private and common submessages that can be seen as jointly performing signal-space and signal-level interference alignment. The admissible degree of freedom (DoF)-splits between the private and common messages are also specified. A study of the GDoF region reveals various insights through the joint dependence of optimal interference management techniques at high SNR on the SNR exponents and the numbers of antennas at the four terminals. For instance, it reveals that, unlike in the scalar IC, treating interference as noise is not always GDoF-optimal even in the very weak interference regime. Moreover, while the DoF-optimal strategy that relies just on transmit/receive zero-forcing beamforming and time sharing is not GDoF optimal (and thus has an unbounded gap to capacity), the precise characterization of the very strong interference regime-where single-user DoF performance can be achieved simultaneously for both users-depends on the relative numbers of antennas at the four terminals and thus deviates from what it is in the single-input single-output case. For asymmetric numbers of antennas at the four nodes, the shape of the symmetric GDoF curve can be a “distorted W” curve to the extent that for certain multiple-input multiple-output ICs it is a “V” curve.

A model of small-angle scattering from three-phase fractal systems

In small-angle scattering (SAS) intensities on a double logarithmic scale, one generically observes "knees" arising from changes of the power-law exponents. While the appearance of power-law behavior is associated usually with a fractal structure, the explanation of the knees is a more intricate problem in general. It is shown that the crossover between the exponents can be accounted for by various levels of the structures with different scattering length densities (SLD). Thus, the whole system is a multiphase system, composed of the homogeneous structures embedded into each other. In this way, one can explain the crossover between arbitrary exponents whose values vary from −4 to 0. In order to confirm this conclusion, we calculate the SAS intensity from a set of non-interacting, randomly oriented and uniformly distributed three-phase fractals with controllable Hausdorff dimension. We observe the appearance of crossover (knee), which depends on the values of the SLD of each phase and estimate its position. Random fractals are described as well within the developed model by taking the fractal sizes at random, which leads to polydispersity and, as a consequence, to smearing of the SAS intensity curves.

Critical behaviour of the randomly stirred dynamical Potts model: novel universality class and effects of compressibility

Critical behaviour of the dynamical Potts model, subjected to vivid turbulent mixing, is studied by means of the renormalization group. The advecting velocity field is modelled by Kraichnan’s rapid-change ensemble: Gaussian statistics with a given pair correlator 〈vv〉∝δ(t − t′) k−d − ξ, where k is the wave number, d is the dimension of space and 0 < ξ < 2 is an arbitrary exponent. The system exhibits different types of infrared scaling behaviour, associated with four infrared attractors of the renormalization group equations. In addition to the known asymptotic regimes (equilibrium Potts model and passive scalar field), the existence of a new, strongly non-equilibrium type of critical behaviour (universality class) is established, where the self-interaction of the order parameter and the turbulent mixing are equally important. The corresponding critical dimensions and the regions of stability for all the regimes are calculated in the leading order of the double expansion in ξ and ε = 6 − d. Special attention is paid to the effects of compressibility of the fluid, because they lead to interesting crossover phenomena.

Nonlinear periodic waves in a gas

A system of equations describing the one-dimensional time-dependent polytropic motion of a gas is considered. In special cases the general solutions of this system of equations are obtained and exact solutions with the initial conditions which are periodic with respect to the spatial variable are found. For an arbitrary polytropic exponent an asymptotic solution, which is uniformly suitable till the onset of the gradient catastrophe, is constructed in the form of expansions in series in a small parameter, namely, the initial wave amplitude. Asymptotic dependences of the time of onset and the location of the gradient catastrophe are obtained. The complex correspondence between the initial system of equations and the system of equations describing the motion of quasi-gas media is given. An example of using this correspondence is considered.

Casimir Effect at Finite Temperature in the Presence of One Fractal Extra Compactified Dimension

We discuss the Casimir effect for massless scalar fields subject to the Dirichlet boundary conditions on the parallel plates at finite temperature in the presence of one fractal extra compactified dimension. We obtain the Casimir energy density with the help of the regularization of multiple zeta function with one arbitrary exponent and further the renormalized Casimir energy density involving the thermal corrections. It is found that when the temperature is sufficiently high, the sign of the Casimir energy remains negative no matter how great the scale dimension δ is within its allowed region. We derive and calculate the Casimir force between the parallel plates affected by the fractal additional compactified dimension and surrounding temperature. The stronger thermal influence leads the force to be stronger. The nature of the Casimir force keeps attractive.