Indonesian Coffee Research Articles

A Study on Determinants of Coffee Export from Indonesia to The United States of America

This research was conducted to reveal the determinants of Indonesia's coffee exports to the USA. In addition, it has been determined as the sub-objectives of the research to reveal the reasons for the recent decline in coffee exports and to try to produce alternative policies to increase the value of coffee exports from Indonesia to the USA. In this research, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration analysis estimation method was implemented by using EViews 12 program. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the exchange rate of the US Dollar against the Indonesian Rupiah and the annual inflation rate of Indonesia did not have a statistically significant effect on the value of coffee exports in both the short and long run. In addition, variables of world coffee prices, US coffee consumption, world tea prices, Indonesia's coffee export prices to the USA, terms of trade, trade openness, and Indonesia's coffee planting area were found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, it has been determined that the US coffee consumption and Indonesia's coffee export price to the USA have a positive effect in the short term, but have a negative effect in the long term. Among all the independent variables, it was revealed that the Indonesian coffee planting area variable had the greatest effect. Therefore, it can be stated that policymakers should try to address the challenges of exporting to increase the export value of Indonesian coffee to the US and be careful not to overly focus on exchange rate fixing or inflation targeting as these two variables have no significant impact on export value. In addition, paying attention to the issue of product development that increases added value can be expressed as the most important of the suggestions that can be made based on the results obtained.

Growth of arabica coffee seeds (Coffea arabica L.) Sigarar Utang Variety as a response of treatment of various growth regulators and types of shade

Productivity of arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Sigarar Utang Variety in Indonesia is still relatively low, especially in Simalungun Regency, Sumatera Utara. Some factors that need to be considered in nurseries are growth regulator and shade. This study aims to find out information on the type of growth regulators and the best shade density for the growth of arabica coffee seedlings. The experiment was carried out from March to June 2022 in Nagori Ujung Bawang, Simalungun Regency and Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatra Utara. The experiment used a Split Plot Design consisting of 2 factors and repeated 3 times. The first factor (main plot) consists of 4 levels, namely without shade, 50%, 70%, and 90% shade, while the second factor (sub-plot) consists of 3 levels are auxin growth regulator, cytokinin, and the combination of auxin with cytokinin. The results showed that the interaction of shade treatment and growth regulators had a significant effect on root canopy ratio. Root canopy ratio had a significant effect on the interaction of 90% shade treatment and a combination of auxin cytokinin of 5.27 g.

Intensity of Leaf Rust Disease on Four Robusta Coffee Clones in Natar, South Lampung

Lampung Province is the producer and exporter of coffee in Indonesia. Leaf rust disease is an important disease in coffee and is caused by fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br. This disease has spread to all coffee cultivation areas worldwide, including Indonesia. The incidence of this disease can cause production losses and reducing productivity up to 50%. The aim of the study was to determine the intensity of leaf rust disease in four Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) clones in Natar, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, namely BP 436, BP 534, BP 939 and SA 203. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with four clones, 30 replicates, and 30 evaluation samples. The intensity of disease attacks was calculated using Townsend-Heuberger formula. The results indicated that the intensity of disease attack on four clones was classified as a mild attack, with the lowest attack level was on BP 534 clone (5.63%). Robusta coffee is relatively tolerant to leaf rust disease, however management of this disease must be applied to prevent greater yield losses.

Analisis Ekspor Kopi Indonesia

In a country's economy, one aspect that must be fulfilled is international trade. International trade is a driving force in achieving an overall economic level to increase the potential of a country. The purpose of this study is to analyze Indonesia's coffee exports in 2012-2021 using quantitative methods with multiple linear regression models. The data in this study comes from the Central Bureau of Statistics and Bank Indonesia. The results showed that the area of plantation land, total coffee production, Indonesian coffee price, GDP per capita, inflation and exchange rate had no significant effect on Indonesian coffee exports. With reference to these results, Indonesian coffee exports are still unable to be driven by research variables which are actually the hope in achieving high export levels. For this reason, policies are needed so that Indonesian coffee exports can compete in quality, price and partner with countries that are the main source of international trade.

PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI KOPI MELALUI KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN DEWAN KOPI INDONESIA (DEKOPI) DI KABUPATEN HUMBANG HASUNDUTAN


 Coffee is the largest commodity in the world. Coffee is also the second largest export after oil exports in Indonesia. In 2019 until now, Indonesia's coffee export ranking has decreased, which was originally ranked as the third largest coffee exporting country in the world, from 2019 until now it has fallen to fourth place. This is caused by a number of things, such as the low level of education on how to educate coffee to coffee farmers in Indonesia, the high price of fertilizers, and restrictions on the amount of subsidized fertilizers for coffee farmers, causing the quality of coffee plant cultivators to be poor. This problem has an impact on coffee farmers who are in the Humbang Ha Anglean area of ​​North Sumatra Province, Humbang Ha Anglean is one of the Arabica coffee producers in Indonesia, this problem has an impact on coffee farmers in the area. In this case the Indonesian Coffee Council (DEKOPI) as the largest coffee community in Indonesia, working with the government, created a program for coffee farmers called coffee storage houses, to accommodate coffee products from coffee farmers in Indonesia. This program is carried out by DEKOPI in collaboration with BUMN to prosper and prosper coffee farmers in Indonesia. And also to improve the yields of coffee farmers and the level of coffee exports in Indonesia can increase. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the program formed by DEKOPI is still not effective, which is because the program has just been formed and has only been running for a few months, and if this program runs well and is effective, the effect will be felt for one or two next year.

Menjaga Eksistensi Dharma Boutique Roastery: Eksplorasi Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Pabrik Kopi Tertua di Semarang

Coffee was a leading commodity when the colonizers came to Indonesia, one of which was robusta coffee. The best coffee varieties are produced in local factories, such as Dharma Boutique Roastery.Departing from efforts to survive in business in the midst of the times, this research focuses on how the marketing communication strategy of the Dharma Boutique Roastery coffee factory can still exist in the era of the development of modern coffee factories. This research is a qualitative study with data collection techniques of observation and interviews with Dharma Boutique Roastery owners and employees. The research indicates that Dharma Boutique Roastery is the oldest coffee factory in Semarang which was founded in 1915 by Tan Tiong Ie. Located in the Semarang Chinatown complex, this coffee factory still exists today and is a supplier of Indonesian export coffee as much as 60%. In the face of an increasingly competitive coffee market, Dharma Boutique Roastery can increase its presence with effective marketing communication strategies, such as increasing presence on social media, offering unique experiences, and improving product quality. Tourists can enjoy stories and coffee at Semarang Chinatown which stores the history of Indonesian coffee.

Growth of Two Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Planting Materials on Three Growing Media Composition

Seed growth and uniformity are keys in producing high quality and yield of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). Plant growth is influenced by internal factors (genetics)and external factors, including planting media. This study aimed to determine the effect of cocoa planting material types and planting media of cocoa seedlings.The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, using a split-plot group randomized design. The main plot was the planting media consisting of topsoil, topsoil and rice husk, and topsoil and manure. The subplots consisted of two types of cocoa planting material: hybrid seeds ICCRI 08H and half-sib Sulawesi 1. Each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that the media influenced on seedling growth uniformity, plant height, stem diameter, and number of leaves. Genetic factors affect plant height and stem diameter. The interaction of media and the type of planting material affect the stem diameter and number of leaves. Cocoa seedling growth with the best plant height and stem diameter was shown in topsoil and manure media, while the response to the number of lleaves showed differences between ages and planting media used. ICCRI 08H hybrid cocoa planting material showed the highest plant height and stem diameter compared to Sulawesi 1 half-sib

Morphological and Molecular Identification of Helopeltis Species on Cocoa from Kaliwining Experimental Station, Jember, Indonesia

Severe crop loss of cocoa in Indonesia has long been reported to be caused by Helopeltis. It has been noted that cocoa and Helopeltis have existed in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), Jember, Indonesia, for about 100 years, and the species have developed during that time. Our study aimed for examining the Helopeltis species that attacked cocoa in this experimental station both morphologically, morphometrically, and molecularly and to compare the species with the one attacking cocoa in Java and Nusa Tenggara, preserved at the GenBank. Helopeltis was sampled from infested cocoa pods collected representatively from cocoa at the Kaliwining ES and then reared in the Crop Protection Laboratory of ICCRI. Adults of Helopeltis laboratory-reared insects were identified, 30 females 30 males were selected. Weexamined the morphology and morphometry of the samples, and their identifica tion was based on an insect identification key. Morphometry measurement of male and female body parts includes body length, antenna segments, head, eyes, collar, wing, tibia, and femur. In addition, the molecular identification of Helopeltissp. was made through DNA extraction, amplification, and sequence analysis of DNA target regions using the COI part of mitochondrial DNA. External morphological identification, supported by morphometry of the Helopeltis specimen from Kaliwning, the white bands on all femora, body length, and the ratio of the firstantennal segment to the posterior width of the pronotum suggested that the insect belongs to Helopeltis bradyi. Similarly, molecular identification using PCR amplification through specific primers from COI gene sequences confirmed that Helopeltis specimens from Kaliwining are classified as Helopeltis bradyi.

Cara Pengelolaan Limbah Kopi


 Coffee (Coffea sp.) is a plantation product that plays a significant part in the economic development of Indonesians since it can generate significant foreign exchange. Finding out how to control trash from many parts of products created by people in Indonesia is the main goal of this publication. Utilizing qualitative research with the chosen sort of literature study is the chosen research methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that Indonesian coffee waste contains many benefits that can be utilized by local residents. With a different way of managing each product produced, both in terms of managing coffee into cascara tea, coffee cherries into coffee jam, coffee into animal feed, coffee pulp into organic manure, processing coffee waste into compost.
 Keywords: Coffee Waste, Coffee Waste Management, Benefits of Coffee Waste.

Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Biji Kopi Indonesia dan Vietnam di Pasar Amerika Serikat

Coffee is one of the products from Indonesia's leading agricultural sector. Coffee participates greatly in Indonesia's export activities, especially to the United States. But so is Vietnam. The purpose of this study was to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian and Vietnamese coffee beans in the United States market as the largest importing country for Indonesian coffee beans. The research method used is panel data analysis taken from secondary data. The analysis uses two methods, namely Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis and also Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA). The results show that Indonesia and Vietnam have a comparative advantage in several types of coffee commodities. In general, the results from the CMSA also show that the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee is positive, indicating that Indonesia is able to take a share of the coffee bean market in the 2016-2018 period.

An Integrated Method for Sustainable Performance Assessment: a Case Study on Indonesian Coffee Agro-food Industry

An Integrated Method for Sustainable Performance Assessment: a Case Study on Indonesian Coffee Agro-food Industry

Pemberdayaan Petani Kopi Kenjur Gunung Prau Kendal Melalui Pendampingan Strategi Pemasaran Digital

The problem encountered by the Kenongo Sari Farmer Group in Purwosari Village, Sukorejo District, Kendal Regenc is the marketing aspect where coffee products for hotels, restaurants, and coffee shops were disrupted due to the effects of the Covid 19 Post Pandemic, where there was a decrease in turnover due to the closure of the coffee industry from upstream to downstream. In addition, the coffee produced by farmer groups located at the base of Prau Mount with a height of 1000 to 1400 MASL is less well known among Indonesian coffee connoisseurs, because the name Kenjur Coffee lacks promotion. Therefore this community service activity is carried out to promote and elevate the potential of Kenjur Cofee through the preparation of a digital marketing strategy. The method used is business assistance in creating social media, product branding, and conducting training for members. From the results of this 6-month assistance, it was obtained that there was a change in the mindset of business owners in implementing digital technology, having digital skills, and having media for promotion and marketing: Instagram social media, Google My Business, new logo, and new packaging. In the future, it is hoped that community service partners can increase turnover and have a wider range of product marketing

Uji Parameter Spesifik dan Non Spesifik p ada Kopi Robusta ( Coffea canephora )

Robusta coffee is the most widely cultivated type of coffee in Indonesia. Caffeine in coffee determines the taste and aroma of coffee. Extract standardization determines the quality of the extract. Therefore, this study aims to standardize the extract including organoleptic extract, calculating the yield weight, moisture content and ash content, as well as testing the caffeine content of Robusta coffee using the gravimetic method. The solvent used was ethyl acetate 99% with refluks extraction method. The results showed that the yield weight was 9,712%, the moisture content was 4,83% and the as content was 0,43%. The water content and ash content values meet the standards set by Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Meanwhile, the value of caffeine levels shows 7,91 ± 0,01 %

Analisis Dempster Shafer Dalam Mendiagnosa Penyakit Coffea Canephora (Kopi Robusta)

Indonesia is one of the world's largest coffee producers and has a reputation for producing high quality coffee. As a country located in the tropics with fertile soil, climate, and suitable topography, Indonesia has ideal conditions for growing coffee. Various varieties of coffee in Indonesia, including Arabica and Robusta, grow well in various regions such as Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Papua and Kalimantan. Some of the typical Indonesian coffee varieties include Gayo Coffee from Aceh, Mandailing Coffee from North Sumatra, Toraja Coffee from South Sulawesi, and Bali Coffee from Bali. Coffee plants can be attacked by various diseases, which can affect growth, quality and yield. The Dempster-Shafer analysis approach for diagnosing disease in Robusta coffee plants is based on the theory of trust (evidence theory) and provides a strong framework for modeling uncertainty in disease diagnosis. The first step is to collect observational data on various disease indicators such as leaf discoloration, decay symptoms, and stunted growth. By calculating the degree of confidence and uncertainty, we can produce reliable conclusions about the presence of disease in Robusta coffee plants. In addition, we also developed the Dempster-Shafer model to identify the stage or severity of the disease, which can assist farmers in taking appropriate action. The results show that the Dempster-Shafer analysis approach provides accurate and reliable results in diagnosing Robusta coffee disease. This model can also provide valuable information in identifying disease stages, which can support effective disease management and control.

The Current Climate Change Impacts in Arabica Coffee Production and Mitigation Option in Case of Ethiopia: A Review

The Current Climate Change Impacts in Arabica Coffee Production and Mitigation Option in Case of Ethiopia: A Review

THE IMPACT OF BRAND TRUST AND PERCEIVED QUALITY ON BRAND LOYALTY IN MEDIATION CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY OF KOPI KENANGAN CONSUMERS IN MEDAN CITY

In this study, we examined the influence of brand trust and perceived quality on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction at Kopi Kenangan Sun Plaza in Medan City. The increasing consumption of coffee in Indonesia has led to the development of coffee shop businesses in various cities across the country, including Medan. While this growth presents an opportunity for entrepreneurs to build and promote their brands to attract customers, it also creates intense competition among businesses, especially in major cities like Medan. The aim of this research is to find solutions to address the challenges faced by Kopi Kenangan, including low brand trust, perceived product quality, customer satisfaction, and low repeat purchase intention towards Kopi Kenangan products. The study focuses on enhancing brand trust, improving perceived product quality, and increasing customer satisfaction to build customer loyalty towards Kopi Kenangan. Data were collected from 96 customer samples through a questionnaire using probability sampling and analyzed using a structural equation model. The research findings indicate that brand trust has a significant negative influence on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, while perceived quality has a significant positive influence on customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Additionally, customer satisfaction also has a significant positive influence on brand loyalty. Furthermore, brand trust and perceived quality together have a positive and significant influence on brand loyalty. Moreover, brand trust has a significant negative influence on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction, while perceived quality has a significant positive influence on brand loyalty through customer satisfaction.

Implementasi Metode Fuzzy Time Series Untuk Meramalkan Jumlah Ekspor Produk Kopi Dari Indonesia

The current trade era opens up opportunities for trading Indonesian coffee in the international market. The number of future exports can be predicted by knowing past export prices. The method that can be used to predict the number of Indonesian coffee exports to various countries is the Fuzzy Time Series method. The Fuzzy Time Series method, the forecasting technique, utilizes fuzzy sets as the basis for the prediction process. In this study, the forecasting stages include defining Xmax and Xmin, determining how many and how long class intervals are, defuzzification and defining fuzzy sets, fuzzifying data on the number of coffee exports, determining fuzzy logic relationships (FLR), establishing fuzzy logical groups (FLRG) relationships, defuzzification, and perform forecasting calculations. Using the Fuzzy Time Series Method, the results of forecasting Indonesia's coffee exports for the following year are 376371.3 tons of coffee products to be exported so that exporters can see this opportunity Keywords: Coffee, export, forecasting, fuzzy time series

Kajian Produksi Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) pada Berbagai Ketinggian Tempat di Kabupaten Temanggung

Several factors, including the less-than-optimal altitude of Arabica coffee planting influence the low productivity of Arabica coffee in Temanggung Regency. The lack of rejuvenation of production plants means that old coffee plants have low productivity; apart from these two factors, farmers do not have good plant management skills. This research further examines the influence of altitude on Arabica coffee production. This research was carried out in Temanggung Regency, with the sub-districts that were the sample for this research being Ngadirejo District, with an altitude range of 900-1150 m asl, Parakan District, with an altitude range of 1150-1400 m asl, and Kledung District with an altitude range of more than 1400 m asl. The sampling method employed in this study is a purposive sampling technique; the researcher directly determines the location and source of research information. A total of 28 participants responded to this study, with an assessment sample taken of 5% of the population of Arabica coffee plantations that bear fruit. The analysis used the linear regression method of a fixed variable, namely height, and independent variables, namely production, productivity, and evaluation, with a significance level of 5%. The research results show that altitude does influence productivity. If altitude increases, productivity will also increase.

The effect of soaking stainless steel orthodontics bracket with robusta coffee (coffea canephora) on the release of fe ions

Introduction: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of the most produced and popular types of coffee in Indonesia. Robusta coffee is included as an acidic beverage because it has an average pH of 5.6 which can increase corrosion. Stainless steel orthodontic bracket is a type of orthodontic bracket that has more resistance to corrosion, however, exposure to stainless steel orthodontic bracket by robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) which has an average pH of 5.6 can increase the corrosion process so that more Fe ions are released. Objective: To determine the effect of soaking stainless steel orthodontic bracket with robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) on increasing the release of Fe ions Methods: Laboratory experiment with post test only control group design. The experiment was divided into two groups, namely the control and treatment groups. In the control group there were 16 stainless steel orthodontic brackets which were soaked in 20 ml of artificial saliva in an incubator at 370C for 24 hours. In the treatment group there were 16 stainless steel orthodontic brackets soaked in 10 ml of artificial saliva and 10 ml of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) in an incubator at 370C for 24 hours. After that, a test was carried out using AAS tool to see the release of Fe ions contained in the test solution. Results: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) increases the release of Fe ions in stainless steel orthodontic brackets. In the treatment group that were soaked in robusta coffee, there was an average of 7.96 ppm of Fe ions released, while in the control group only 4.07 ppm of Fe ions were released. Conclusion: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) has been shown to increase the release of Fe ions on stainless steel orthodontic brackets

Bean quality and taste of robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) from Bale village on Halmahera Island, Indonesia

North Maluku is one of the provinces producing Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) in Indonesia. Although coffee production is smaller than in other provinces, coffee can be found in many locations in the provinces, namely Halmahera Island, Bacan, Obi, Tidore, and Ternate. Bale Village, located on Halmahera Island, is one of the villages in the Oba sub-district, Tidore Island. The village is known on Halmahera Island, Ternate Island, and the surrounding areas as a producer of coffee beans and coffee powder. Some of the people in the village live as farmers and home coffee entrepreneurs using traditional processing methods. The quality and taste of the coffee beans from smallholder coffee plantations from Halmahera Island, especially Bale Village, need to be studied to set the status of bean quality and taste of local coffee in Indonesia. This study is an effort to gain an initial illustration that will become a foundation for a comprehensive local coffee development in North Maluku. It will encourage resorts to generate local coffee with a unique taste that is widely known, favored by many people, and has the potential to be a Geographical Indicator (IG) of Halmahera coffee. The research result indicates that Robusta coffee beans from Bale Village Halmahera Island are free from live insects, not rotten or moldy, and do not contain foreign matters with moisture content meets the general requirement of SNI 01-2907-2008. The result of quality testing of Robusta coffee beans from Bale village is within the criteria of quality 4b in the SNI 01-2907-2008. The attributes of coffee taste consisting of fragrance/aroma, flavour, bitter/sweet, and mouthfeel/body are in an excellent category, whereas clean cup and uniformity are in an outstanding category. The final score and cup testing is 84.62, which is in the specialty coffee category.