Arabic Lexicon Research Articles

Categorization of Mujarrad Verbs Beginning with the Letter ‘ba’ in Al Munawwir Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary and Mazīd Verbs in Duleim Masoud Al Qahtani Arabic-English Dictionary: A Morphosemantic Analysis

Objective: This research discusses the categorization of Arabic verbs, which hold a significant importance in word formation and meaning determination. Therefore, the study of verbs in Arabic becomes one of the important theoretical foundations to continue to be studied and developed. One of the important studies of Arabic verbs is the study of mujarrad verbs and mazīd verbs. Method: Employing a qualitative approach, data were gathered from two dictionaries: Al-Munawwir Arabic – Indonesian dictionary and Al-Qahtani Arabic – English dictionary. Content analysis was employed to analyze the collected data. Data were collected from two Arabic dictionary corpora using morphological analysis of verbs. After collecting the data, the morphological data were categorized into three groups based on the semantic meanings of verbs: process verbs, action verbs and state verbs. In the final stage, the researcher investigated the relationship between morphological and semantic analysis in Arabic verbs (mujarrad and mazīd). Results: Morphosemantic analysis reveals that action verbs dominate “Arabic verbs”. Mujarrad verbs in Arabic are classified as action verbs, process verbs, and state verbs. The binary analysis indicates that 77,89 % of the mazīd verbs in this study are action verbs, 20% are process verbs, and 25,26% are state verbs. In this case, action verbs are the most common. Conclusions: This study contributes to the optimization of multidisciplinary analysis in linguistic studies, namely the combination of morphological and semantic analysis. In terms of Arabic dictionary development, this study suggests that verb analysis be supplemented by the categorization of actions, states, and processes

Globalization and the Borrowing of “Weekend” from English into Arabic

This study was driven by the observed prevalence of the English word “weekend” among Arab speakers, whether in informal written or spoken communication. It aimed to examine the current status of this foreign word and determine if it is ready to be integrated into the Arabic lexicon. The study relied on a linguistic corpus including contexts containing the Arabized version of “weekend”- “?????” on the popular social media X-platform. This data was supplemented by a questionnaire distributed to 316 Arabs and a comprehensive survey of the status of English as the dominant language in the era of globalization. The analysis revealed an intriguing linguistic phenomenon. The data showed that the word “weekend” is linguistically prepared for integration into the Arabic vocabulary system. However, this integration is still being resisted, as most Arabs expressed their disagreement with the word officially joining their lexicon. While they acknowledged their widespread use of the word and its convenience compared to the native equivalent, they insist on maintaining the Arabic phrase "????? ????? ???????" /'ij?zat nih?yat al-'usb??/. The study concludes that the potential entry of “weekend” into Arabic depends on the conflict between globalization and the increasing acceptance of the word on the one hand, and the rejection by the majority to preserve the Arab identity. Any future societal trends towards accepting this word will pave the way for its integration, as it is already linguistically prepared.

A Semantic Study of the Beautiful Names of Allah and His Supreme Attributes

the correct understanding of God Almighty is not only the most necessary but the primary prerequisite of religious life, and knowledge of His names and attributes is also connected with this comprehension. Nonetheless, knowledge in this area has never been without significant and stormy adversities whereby many notions related to the names and attributes of God have become displaced and misinterpreted over time. Since Arab accent is crucial in appropriate understanding of these subjects Arabic is thus a powerful and key tool for dealing with these issues. Arabic language is relevant in this study in light of the fact that it is very relevant in crafting right conceptions of the aforementioned concepts. The language’s ignorance has led to many misunderstandings. The research entitled: ‘A Semantics Investigation of the Beautiful Names of Allah and the Supreme Qualities of Allah: A Pragmatic Analysis of Sahih Al Bukhari’. The importance of this issue cannot be overemphasized because it restores the original methodology of the early generations of approaching the understanding of the names and attributes of God. The purpose of this work is to recall the intentions of the first generations in the recognition of God’s names and qualities. I hope that this work helps fulfill the reason for the creation of humanity and jinn, as stated in the Quran: Thus, the Quran says:. existing and based,"Upon the authority of Allah, it stated: “And I did not create the jinn and mankind except to worship Me” Quran 51:56. For this study I carried out a comprehensive study of Sahih Al-Bukhari and its explanations and Arabic dictionaries for all the information on the topic to be sourced. It is made up of two major parts and is followed by the introduction and preface and contains findings from the study. Based on the method used in this piece of research, the analysis is analytical, because it is only possible to choose hadiths that are most discussed in scholarly conversations due to the fact that there is a large number of prophetic hadiths that refer to the names and attributes of Allah.

Phonological Analysis Of Arabic Diphthongs In Defective Verbs

The Arabic diphthongs have two sounds, which are /aɪ/ and /aʊ/, each in its nouns and weak verbs. This study analyzes phonological rules related to Arabic diphthongs and syllable segmentation among Arabic diphthongs. Qualitative methods are applied in this research, and the content analysis is conducted using Chomsky and Halle’s phonological rules (1968) and Crowley's (1987) theory to analyze all data. The data are collected from the Arabic dictionary called Mu’jam Taşrīf al-`af’āl al-‘arabiyyah and the data are then divided into two categories, namely sound /w/ and /y/. The study observes that the Arabic diphthong sounds are found in nouns and defective verbs with suffixes other than /a/, /t/, and /w/. The study finds that in Arabic, diphthong sounds are deleted in defective verbs when the suffix consists of two phonemes. These sounds transform into long vowel sounds upon adding/a/, indicating the third-person singular male in the past tense. The suffixes /t/ and /w/ similarly convert the diphthong to a primary vowel. This study concludes that phonological changes occur more frequently in Arabic defective verbs than in nouns, following specific rules. Additionally, syllable segments change when the glide sounds forming diphthongs are deleted.

Kur’an’da İzzet Kavramının Anlam Derinlikleri ve Bağlamsal Kullanımları

The concept of izzet in the Qur'an is addressed in both positive and negative contexts, encompassing two main meanings. The first refers to the exalted and true izzet attributed to Allah, His Messenger, and the believers; the second refers to the condemned false izzet associated with disbelievers, hypocrites, and polytheists. The term izzet appears in eleven instances in the Qur'an and, including its related verbal and nominal forms, occurs in a total of 110 verses. Among these, the attribute "Aziz" is mentioned in 99 verses, denoting Allah’s majesty and His supremacy over all things. In a few verses, izzet is also used in the sense of condemned arrogance and pride associated with disbelievers. This article aims to analyze the different meanings of the concept of izzet as it appears in the Qur'an, exploring both its linguistic and terminological definitions. It examines izzet’s etymological roots, its usage in classical Arabic dictionaries, and how it conveys different meanings depending on the context of the Qur'anic verses. Additionally, the study highlights the distinction between the positive izzet attributed to Allah, His Messenger, and the believers, and the negative izzetassociated with the arrogance and stubbornness of disbelievers and hypocrites. For believers, izzet is seen as a high moral quality, symbolizing loyalty and submission to Allah. Conversely, when izzet is combined with arrogance and pride, it becomes a condemned trait in the Qur'an. This study aims to elucidate the depth and breadth of the concept of izzet within the Qur'anic context, providing insight into how believers should properly understand and embody this concept. Key Words: Tafsir, Quran, Quranic Concepts, Praised Honor, Blamed Honor

Pengembangan Kamus Mini untuk Membantu Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas VIII di SMP Datok Sulaiman Palopo

This research aims to determine the development process, level of validity and level of practicality of small Arabic dictionary media which can be used to support the Arabic language learning process, especially in vocabulary learning. The development of this small Arabic dictionary media is adapted to the learning curriculum and teaching materials for class VIII Junior High Schools. This type of research is research and development (R&D) by adapting the 4D development model which consists of four stages, namely definition, design, development and dissemination. The subjects used in this research were 18 class VIII students at Datok Sulaiman Junior High School. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, validation sheets, practicality test sheets and student response questionnaires. The result of this development research is a small Arabic dictionary for class VIII students. The product validation test results show that: 1) the material expert validation assessment obtained a score of 96.36%; 2) media expert validation assessment obtained a score of 86.66%; 3) and the practicality test carried out by learning experts obtained a score of 80%. Based on the results of product trials by three experts, it shows that the small Arabic dictionary learning media is very valid and practical to be applied in Arabic language learning.

Arabic Dictionary use and Vocabulary Mastery Among Government-Assisted Religious Schools (SABK) Students

Arabic Dictionary use and Vocabulary Mastery Among Government-Assisted Religious Schools (SABK) Students

Impact éloquent des mots empruntés et arabisés dans la traduction: Analyse des emprunts lexicaux dans les œuvres d’Al-Ghazāli «Al-munqid Min Addalâl (Erreur et Délivrance)» et «Le livre des Bons Usages en Matière de Mariage»

Eloquent Impact of Borrowed and Arabicized Words in Translation: Analysis of loanwords in Al- Ghazāli’s work «'Al-munqid min addalâl (Erreur et Délivrance)» and «Le livre des Bons Usages en Matière de Mariage» The Arabisation of words is a common practice in Arabic translation. It involves borrowing words from other languages and adjusting their phonetics to fit Arabic phonology. Sometimes, these words undergo semantic adaptations to fit into specific contexts, enriching the Arabic lexicon with essential terms. Such linguistic borrowings have seamlessly integrated into Arabic over time, serving both specialised and everyday functions. In the French translation of two works by Al-Ghazāli, "Al-munqid Min Addalâl (The Deliverance from Error)" and "Le livre des Bons Usages en Matière de Mariage (The Book of Good Practices in Marriage)," it is noteworthy that several Arabised words have been retained without translation. Instead, they are presented alongside their equivalents or with explanatory notes. The translator’decision to preserve these Arabised words by the translator reflects a desire to convey the original author's specific messages. It underlines a commitment to maintain the semantic depth of the original texts while honoring the cultural and linguistic richness of Arabic. These words imbue the analysed texts with profound meaning, adding a semantic dimension that enhances the works in both Arabic and French. This approach caters to a French readership interested in exploring the nuances of Al-Ghazāli's works, ensuring the integrity of his writings is preserved. It guarantees an authentic and comprehensive reading experience that captures the richness and subtleties of the original texts.

Words for precious stones in Arabic dictionaries

تحاول هذه الدراسة بيان الفاظ الأحجار الكريمة المستخدمة عند العرب، فقد جاءت الدراسة بعنوان ( الأحجار الكريمة في المعجمات العربية)، وقد وضحنا أهم الاحجار التي وردت في معجمات ،وكتب أهل اللغة من المتقدمين والمحدثين ، وقد تناولنا معنى الحجر الكريم والخرز عند العرب، وفصلنا القول في أنواعها وأشكالها ، واستعمالاتها، ، ومواطن تواجد تلك الخرز والخلاف الحاصل بين العلماء فيها ، ولا يمكن الإغفال عمَّا ورد عند العرب من الأقوال أهل اللغة الثقات، فضلا عن الاستدلال بالأبيات الشعرية، وكذلك الأقوال النثرية، فهي مصدر ثراء اللغة العربية ، ممَّا لا شك فيه ، فقد اسهمت بشكل واضح في الاضفاء على البحث من القوة والرصانة .

Fiqh Maxim of ‘al-Ghurm bi al-Ghunm’: A Critique on the Interpretation of the Maxim relating to Risk-Return Concept in Islamic Banking and Finance

Purpose – This paper aims to critically review the interpretation of fiqh maxim ‘al-ghurm bi al-ghunm’ which is widely adapted in the Islamic banking and finance while being associated with the risk-return concept. Tracing back the doctrinal sources of Shariah law, the review intends to examine the appropriate meaning of the Shariah texts based on their contexts and occurrences. Design/methodology/approach – This paper inclines to the doctrinal methodology specified to Shariah law whereby the observations, documents and records will be comparatively reviewed for establishing a critical evaluation. A number of doctrinal sources have been gathered to analyse the essence of the subject matter, in which the two types of materials referred to are mainly classical Arabic dictionaries and the books of Hadith. Findings – The review demonstrates a discrepancy on the adaptation of the maxim into Islamic banking and finance in relation to the risk-return concept. Though both principles have similarities in risk return precepts, nevertheless, they also possess differences in terms of interpretation and applications. The context of the Hadiths, which is the Shariah basis of the maxim or from where it is derived, describes specific scenario in relation to asset-based transaction, whereas the risk-return concept is quite generic for risk measurement system that is commonly used in financial management and investment. Research limitations/implications – Even though the general belief says Islamic alternatives to interest bearing financial services are risk-sharing based mode such as musharakah and mudarabah, the argument is hardly supported by and found in present-day academia Though the observations may limit the searching result, they however do not hamper the findings. Originality/value – The paper identifies the apparent gap of the current theories to assist researchers ascertaining the research area. Paper type Conceptual Paper

The Emergence and Development of Palestinian Arabic Lexicon and Morphosyntax From 18 to 36 Months: A Communicative Development Inventory Study.

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of lexical and grammatical development in Palestinian Arabic (PA). The study aims to test the validity of the Palestinian Arabic Communicative Development Inventory (PA-CDI) as well as generate growth curves for lexical and morphosyntactic development, examine the order of emergence of both lexical and morphosyntactic categories, and explore the contribution of demographic and developmental factors to language development. Data were collected from 1,399 parents of PA children aged 18-36 months using an online PA-CDI. The results show that as age increased, so did lexical and morphosyntactic production, along with considerable variability across individuals. While lexical development in PA resembles the order observed in other languages with nouns preceding verbs and adjectives, morphosyntactic development indicates early emergence of verbal inflectional morphology prior to noun pluralization or negation. Age of word combination and health problems are predictive of lexical and morphosyntactic development, and so are parental concerns. Our findings indicate the potential of the PA-CDI as an assessment tool for lexical and morphosyntactic development among PA-speaking children in Israel. Our developmental growth curves may also be used to identify children at risk for developmental language disorder, particularly those falling below the 10th percentile, thus allowing for early identification and early intervention. The use of background variables, specifically parental concerns, health issues, and word combinations, along with the PA-CDI, could potentially enhance the precision of language delay assessment. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26026777.

Challenges of Rendering Chauvinism into Arabic: Implications for Dictionary Users and Translation Equivalence

Bilingual dictionaries sometimes do not satisfy the needs of dictionary users because they offer partial equivalents or incomplete information. This status does not avail the users who seek to immediately retrieve the required information. The users presume that language entries in bilingual dictionaries are communicative equivalents that can be used to translate specific occurrences of the source language item. If the semantic and communicative translation does not hold between the SL and TL, the user will not be able to render the item in question successfully. This paper examines the target language equivalents for ‘chauvinism in English –Arabic dictionaries, namely the Oxford English-Arabic Dictionary (2014); Al-Mawrid, English-Arabic (2006); Al-Muɣni al-Kabiːr(1995); The Oxford Word Power (2006); The Dictionary, English-Arabic (2004), as a representative sample. These dictionaries do not catch the broad range of the concept that covers many sorts of claims and social attitudes in its native linguistic sources. To make up for this deficiency, the paper highlights the appropriate strategies that translators can use to render this concept communicatively into Arabic. The study is based on the communicative functional approach which assumes that dictionary meaning is insufficient to resolve potential ambiguities and that the contexts are necessary to unpack specific senses or connotations of the item. This deficiency has an impact on the translator’s choice of strategy to meet the target readers’ needs. Finally, strategies and suggestions for helping to achieve equivalence in bilingual dictionaries are discussed.Keywords: Equivalence, Contextual translation, Communicative equivalence, Ambiguity, Contested concept

CNN and LSTM based hybrid deep learning model for sentiment analysis on Arabic text reviews

Companies with diverse product offerings rely on customer reviews to gauge product reception. Following a purchase, customers often share their opinions on the website. Prospective buyers, prior to deciding, typically peruse these reviews to inform their choices. Analysing such feedback, whether positive or negative, holds paramount importance for companies seeking to improve product quality. Researchers are actively exploring methods to categorize comments based on sentiment scores. Notably, customers may express their reviews in Arabic text. Despite challenges such as the structure and morphology of Arabic text, a scarcity of machine-readable Arabic dictionaries, and limited tools for handling Arabic text, minimal progress has been made in the analysis of Arabic reviews. While some attempts have been undertaken, they have achieved suboptimal accuracy. In response, the authors propose a hybrid deep learning model comprising a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) with GlobalMaxPooling. Through multiple iterations, the authors fine-tuned the proposed model and applied it to the publicly available Arabic Reviews dataset, achieving a notable 95% accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The results indicate that, when compared to alternative models, the proposed model exhibits superior accuracy.

Israf’s Prohibition in QS. al-A’raf : 31 (Abdullah Saeed’s Contextual Approach)

This article discusses Israf’s behavior that occurs today. One form of Israf is a hedonistic lifestyle that aims at personal satisfaction to enjoy worldly life excessively. To satisfy their desires, they always keep up with the times, spending money and time on fun, which can lead to debt and even depression. Allah reminds humans that the primary purpose of life is to prepare for the future by serving and believing in Him, doing good deeds, and living an ethical and moral life. If not responded to wisely, the developments that occur in this modern era will only plunge people into negative things that can endanger themselves and others. This article uses a qualitative method in the form of library research, which took data from several book sources, tafsir books, and Arabic dictionaries to analyze the meaning of Israf in QS. al-A’raf verse 31 using Abdullah Saeed’s contextual interpretation approach. The result is that Israf behavior can be seen based on context. It is not only limited to lifestyle activities that use excessive wealth but also religious fanaticism, high ambition to achieve power, and wasting time on unproductive things, so it is insensitive to conditions in the surrounding community environment.

Karakteristik Leksikon Bahasa Arab di Lingkungan Pesantren: Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwir Komplek Q Krapyak Yogyakarta

Islamic Boarding School Al-Munawwir Krapyak, Yogyakarta, is one of the Islamic boarding schools with various focus programs. This research aims to find and describe the characteristics of Arabic lexicon variations in each program with an anthropological linguistic. The method used in this study is a combination of research and development theory in the social by Sugiyono (2022), ethnographic method by James P. Spradley (2006), and language research method by Sudaryanto (2015). There are three stages, specifically (1) the stage of data collection, which was carried out with active participation observations and unstructured interviews, then (2) the stage of data analysis, and (3) the last stage of presentation of the results of data analysis are presented informally. The results of this research show that the activities carried out by the cottage community are by the original meaning of the lexicon form itself. In addition, the lexicon in this cottage has been affected by regional languages, causing language fusion (linguistic assimilation), whose changes change the form of the language from its original language.

The Movement of Translation into Arabic During the Corona Pandemic

The present paper seeks to highlight the role that translation played during the Corona pandemic, and it also seeks to reveal the role and importance of this mechanism in making languages keep pace with and accommodate the ongoing crises that may befall their societies.Our paper also attempts to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the translation mechanism in helping languages in general, and Arabic in particular, in keeping pace with the facts of the Corona crisis and conveying its events and facts.Based on the foregoing, our paper is based on a number of questions, the most prominent of which can be presented as follows: How was the translation movement into Arabic at the time of the pandemic? To what extent has translation contributed to enriching the Arabic dictionary with terms indicating the Covid-19 pandemic? To what extent has Arabic been able to keep pace with the developments of the pandemic?

Nonconcatenative Morphology of MSA as Represented by Deverbal Verbs

The present paper considers how the derivation of deverbal verbs occurs in Arabic, a language with nonconcatenative morphology. As Arabic linguists have carefully investigated Arabic deverbal verbs, English literature lacks such investigations. Demonstrating how a word modifies meaning while explaining the intriguing nonconcatenative morphology of Arabic are reasons for considering deverbal verbs. To illustrate the hierarchical structure of Arabic deverbal verbs efficiently, autosegmental analysis was used. Arabic manuscripts and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) dictionaries, using the Alshamela search engine and the Almaany search engine, were consulted to create a list of deverbal verbs. The manuscripts were utilized to find the initial lists, while the dictionaries were used to filter the list to only include the current deverbal verbs. The author found MSA deverbal verbs are derived through nonconcatenative morphology. The meanings of deverbal verb particles were concluded to belong to an additional autosegmental tier that is distinct from the tier of the root meaning. Notice how the meaning of the deverbal verb تضرّب [taDar:aba] ‘hit oneself’ as an intransitive verb retains the root meaning of ضرب [Daraba] ‘hit’ and adds the deverbal meaning indicating the action happening to oneself. It had been expected that all the verb roots would interact with the deverbal verb templates; however, this was not the case. These morphological gaps were attributed to violations of MSA phonotactics or semantic oddities. Further investigation of the deverbal verbs, considering other languages with nonconcatenative morphology, while investigating the deverbal verb meanings from an Optimality Theory perspective, presents promising plans for future research.

Arabic lexicon in the language of the 13th century Azerbaijani poet Izaddin Hasanoghlu

Arabic lexicon in the language of the 13th century Azerbaijani poet Izaddin Hasanoghlu

"الخزف" في المعاجم العربيّة وبعض المعاجم الأجنبيّة والمباحث المختصّة

The term “ceramic” is still a problematic topic in the visual arts at the level of concept and terminology, specially at the level of what is related to the primary ceramic materials, its techniques, and its many and varied aesthetics. This requires putting some matters related to its connotations and meaning into perspective. For example, the word “porcelain” in the Arabic language needs some clarification, because of the generalizations it denotes, and what its synonyms mean in terms of similarity, difference, convergence, and contrast in meaning between the various dictionaries of the Arabic language, or between the dictionaries of neighboring languages of Greek and Latin origins. French, Italian, Greek, or even English itself. In view of the disparity in accuracy between Arabic dictionaries in particular, and the developments that have occurred in the concept of the word and its synonyms in them throughout the ages of the language, and the interaction between its systems and adjacent linguistic systems, it has become a necessity for research to monitor the differences in the uses of the word “porcelain” and its synonyms, in order to control Its connotations historically, and scrutinizing its concept linguistically and terminologically. In order to define this term, limit its meaning, and monitor the development that has occurred in the history of the Arabic language, this research relies on the most important Arabic dictionaries. By arranging them chronologically, he seeks to highlight similarities and differences historically, and the surrounding considerations that go back to the reality of employing the concept of “ceramics” and its fields and developments. To link the word to its era, this research refers to the dictionary and the history of its adoption in the language. The research seeks to monitor the diachronic contents of these dictionaries in order to clarify the similarities, differences, differences, and developments dictionary by dictionary, and chronologically according to chronological order.

ANALYSIS OF DILALAH TASHAWWURIYYAH (CONCEPTUAL METHAPOR) IN THE AL-QUR'AN SURAH YASIN / ANALISIS DILALAH TASHAWWURIYYAH (METAFORA KONSEPTUAL) DALAM AL-QUR'AN SURAH YASIN

This research aims to discover and explain the types of dilalah tashawwuriyyah (conceptual metaphor) and the image schemes contained in the Al-Qur'an Surah Yasin. The general theory used in this study is the conceptual theory of cognitive semantics from Lakoff & Johnson, while the theory used to determine the type of metaphor is conceptual meaning theory and the theory used to determine the image schema is Cruse & Croft's theory. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. To analyze the conceptual theory of Arabic using the matching method with Arabic dictionary and Tafsir as tools to explore further the meaning contained in the theory to find conceptual meaning, because in understanding the Qur'an is not enough to use only one point of view. The results of this research show that there are 5 dilalah tashawuriyyah (conceptual metaphors) found in Surah Yasin, namely 3 types of systematic metaphors and 2 types of anthropomorphic metaphors. The metaphor has 3 image schemas, namely identity (matching), existence (process), and force (compulsion) image schemas.