Arabic Font Research Articles

The Effect of a Specialized Dyslexia Arabic Font, Arabolexia, on Reading Performance of Children with Dyslexia

: Dyslexia-friendly fronts have gained interest thanks to their potential advantages on the reading performance of dyslexic children. Most studies, however, were done on Latin-based languages, such as English. Studies investigating the reading performance of people with dyslexia in languages with different writing systems, such as Arabic, remain scarce. Arabolexia, a font developed for dyslexic Arabic speakers, has demonstrated a facilitatory effect on the reading of children with dyslexia. Yet, the features contributing to these advantages have not been empirically studied. The current study examines the elements of Arabolexia —such as letterform, spacing, and font size —that might improve reading. We compared the reading performance of dyslexic children (n=45, mean age = 11.10 years) using texts in both Arabolexia and Simplified Arabic font, a widely used standard font, under four conditions: default Arabolexia, Simplified Arabic with matched font size only, Simplified Arabic with matched spacing only, and Simplified Arabic over-all matching. The results show that Arabolexia’s advantages disappear when Simplified Arabic is adjusted to match its spacing. These findings suggest that the facilitatory effect of Arabolexia stems from its spacing parameters rather than its unique design.

Utilization of the Riyu Exambro Application as a Learning Evaluation Media

This study aims to determine the implementation of the evaluation of Al-Islam, Muhammadiyah, and Arabic Learning (ISMUBA) using the Riyu Exambro application. The approach used in this research is a phenomenological qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques were used to reduce and present data and draw conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of ISMUBA learning includes determining the curriculum, making teaching modules, and evaluation. ISMUBA learning evaluation at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Colomadu Superior Program uses the Riyu Exambro application. The process of evaluating ISMUBA learning with Riyu Exambro at SMP Muhammadiyah 7 Colomadu Superior Program is carried out through several stages, including making grids, questions, and answer keys, archiving questions, creating links, socializing the implementation of exams to students, registering personal data and using tokens by students, working by students, and finally recording scores. Using the Riyu Exambro application as an online evaluation platform provides advantages in preventing cheating, training IT problems, disciplining students, and providing flexible work formats. This study also identified several obstacles, such as technical problems related to Arabic fonts, unstable internet signals, application screens that are often refreshed, and the need for devices and limited internet access.

The Role of Arabic Calligraphy in Displaying the Aesthetics of Linear Configurations in the Kiswah of Kaaba

The Kiswah of the Kaaba, in the Saudi era, is adorned with Arabic calligraphy, executed in the complex Thuluth calligraphy. These calligraphic formations are compatible with the aesthetic and spiritual function of the Kiswah of Kaaba. In addition, the contribution of these formations and Arabic calligraphy creates formative elements of a distinctive aesthetic nature that glorifies the kiswah with a special kind of spiritual beauty associated with the writing of Qur’ānic verses. Arabic calligraphy, especially the Thuluth script, is one of the essential Arabic fonts that express the aesthetic values of Arabic calligraphy in the covering of the Kaaba. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the role of Arabic calligraphy and the characteristics of the Thuluth line, which have enhanced in highlighting the aesthetics of the linear formations of the Kiswah. The study also aims to discuss the aesthetic features and patterns that characterize the linear formations. The method used in this study is the content analysis method, bearing in mind that the primary tool used is inference based on observation. The study concluded that the Thuluth font possesses several aesthetic and technical characteristics compared to the rest of the other Arabic fonts. Moreover, these technical characteristics gave this line an evident prominence in decorating and beautifying the covering of the Kaaba with the appearance of the single letter in several bodies through the morphological diversity of the character drawing.
 Keywords: Arabic calligraphy, aesthetics, Kiswah of Kaaba, linear configurations, Thuluth script.

The Use of an Android-Based Arabic Dictionary in the Arabic-Indonesian Tarjamah Course at the University

This article aims to find out the use of an Android-based Arabic dictionary in the Arabic-Indonesian tarjamah course at the Arabic Language Education Study Program, University of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo in 2021/2022. The approach that the researcher uses is a qualitative approach using data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that, 1) The use of an Android-based Arabic dictionary, namely initially students had to open the dictionary application they wanted to use, change the keyboard to Arabic font, and type in words in the available columns. If the word is in the form of fi'il, it needs to be returned to fi'il madi, and if it is in the form of masdar, it can be typed directly. After clicking enter, various word search results will appear, students can choose the meaning according to the context. 2) The advantages of using an Android-based Arabic dictionary are that it can be owned by everyone, easy to carry, easy to use, fast in vocabulary search, and its contents are more complete than dictionary books. The drawback is that there is a possibility that the translation results from the dictionary are not in accordance with the context and the completeness of the contents in each dictionary application is different. 3) The way to overcome the shortcomings of using an Android-based Arabic dictionary is that students need to re-correct the meaning of the translation, switch the search to another Arabic dictionary application, ask friends, or use a dictionary book.

Arabic Font Desigin Using Quadratic Bezier-Like Curve

This paper has constructed a linear quadratic Bézier-like curve with two shape parameters. The proposed work is to design the Arabic fonts by using Bezier-like curves. The focus of this study is to study the new functions of the Bezier-like curve and look at their application in designing Arabic fonts. Our new procedures involve a combination of quadratic and linear polynomial basis functions. The new functions of rational and non-rational Bezier-like curve are used to design Arabic fonts. The shape of the curve is modified as desired by simply altering the values of the shape parameters without changing the control polygon. The present study also looks at the extent of the approximation of the Arabic script design to its digitized image using the Bezier-like curves. The results of this study confirm that all generated functions can give the very visually pleasing shapes of the Arabic fonts similar to the original.

A Novel Arabic Words Recognition System Using Hyperplane Classifier

Topic of exhaustive study for about past decades has been carried out in machine imitation of human reading. a small number of investigates have been accepted on the detection of cursive font writing like Arabic texts for its individual challenge and difficulty .In this work, a novel technique for automatic Arabic font recognition is proposed to demonstrate an suitable recognition rate for multi fonts styles and multi sizes of Arabic word images.
 The scheme can be classified into a number of steps. First, segmenting Arabic line into words depending on the vertical projection and dynamic threshold then we implicated each Arabic word as a class by ignoring segmenting the word into characters .Second ,normalizing step, the size of Arabic word images varies from each other .The system converts the images that contribution into a new size that is divisible by "N" without remainder, to decrease the difficulty of feature extraction and recognition of the system that may allow images from different resources, Third, feature extraction step which is based on apply the ratio of vertical sliding strips as a features. Finally, multi class support vector machine (one versus one technique)is used as a classifier .This method was estimated on off line printed fonts, five Arabic fonts, (Andalus, Arial, Simplified Arabic, Tahoma and Traditional Arabic) were used and the average recognition rate of all fonts was 95.744%.

Socrative, Quizizz, and Google Form as Online-Based Evaluation Tools for Maharah Al-Qirā'ah Learning

The use of technology to innovate in learning methods and media has been widely carried out, including in the learning process of the Al-Qirā'ah Al-Asāsiyyah course at the Arabic Language Education Study Program at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta in the third semester. The purpose of this study is to describe students' perspectives on the advantages and challenges of using online-based evaluation tools: Socrative, Quizizz, and Google Form in the learning process at Al-Qirā'ah Al-Asāsiyyah courses. This study is a descriptive quantitative research that uses a questionnaire to collect data. This study revealed several advantages of using the online-based evaluation tools, such as being easy to use, effective, and can motivate students. Meanwhile, the challenges that must be faced are students must be connected to the internet network, the lack of variety in Arabic fonts, and the lack of variety in types of questions. Among the three types of evaluation tools offered, students prefer Quizizz over others.

الخطّ العربي وتجليّاته في الحضارة الإسلامية – المساجد أنموذجا

Arabic calligraphy is the supreme and sophisticated pillar that distinguishes Islamic arts, as we note that not an Islamic artwork is devoid of mosques, palaces, buildings, and walls, except that we found in it authentic Islamic inscriptions represented in the ancient Arabic calligraphy, which is wonderful in its decoration and refined in its expressions, and is distinguished in its drawings. The embroidered craftsmanship and mastery astonish the beholder. Where the interest in the latter has become a treasure and a beacon for calligraphers, their love for it tends to be associated with the tolerant and pure Islamic religion in its teachings, which led them to interact with various civilizations and to spread and display its distinctive images and forms, as well as to the diversity and different methods of Arabic calligraphy and the multiplicity of its models and its promotion to the highest ranks among the arts. From here we pose the forms: What is meant by the Arabic calligraphy? What are the main types of Arabic fonts? What are its manifestations and developments?

الخط العربي كأحد الفنون التشكلية وجهود الإندونيسيين في تطويرها

That the calligraphy in its visual form compounded of interlocking letters lies the artistic aesthetic dimensions, which we call the implicit meaning of the visual texts, and it is able to stimulate the spiritual taste of sophisticated beauty. This article tries to emphasize that when calligraphy has addressed its textual and spiritual dimensions with the expansion of countries following the Islamic conquests, it is as if it is addressing minds and souls at the same time, and it won a wide turnout and intense passion on the part of those concerned with artistic taste. This is what happened in the Islamic countries of Egypt, the Gulf, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, and other countries where the artist, who has a taste for high artistic beauty, lives. In Indonesia, those concerned with Islam and calligraphy, and whatever they lack the capacity to form Arabic letters with its standard patterns, made great efforts in dealing with Arabic calligraphy so that the two directions would follow: the direction of the organized calligraphy according to the known patterns of Arabic fonts, and the direction of calligraphy, or panting art. The owners of the second trend enter the world of creativity and innovation through their plastic paintings that name their owners in a mythical world between reality and fiction. This is thanks to a lot of stakeholders, whether individuals or governments.

Analisis Penggunaan E-Learning Madrasah sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di MTsN 2 Kota Surabaya di Era Pandemi Covid-19

The implementation of 4C (Critical Thinking, Communication, Collaboration, Creativity) in the learning process is vital in order to prepare students for the 21st century (Supriano, 2019). In this era which the learning process conducts online, the teachers may still emphasize those values through kinds of questions served especially through e-learning madrasah. Thus, the objectives of this study are to be a reference for the other teachers by exploring the kinds of questions in learning Arabic, also give suggestions or even convey to certain parts so that a revision of e-learning madrasah will be conducted by analyzing the obstacles. Applying descriptive qualitative method, the researchers assume that through the futures of e-learning madrasah the teachers provide PPT/PDF, multiple choices, short answer and essay questions for maharah qiro’ah (reading skill), listening to a video/audio for maharah istima’ wa kalam (listening and speaking skills), fill-in-the-blank, short answer questions as well as asking students to create a simple essay for maharah kitabah (writing skill). Nevertheless, the Arabic font in e-learning madrasah and the learning schedule which is not specific and fixed become the obstacles.

Last Teen Pixels for Arabic Font Size and Style Recognition

Arabic printed script segmentation and recognition techniques change from font to other i.e. each font has particular properties calligraphic and structural which differ with other. Majority of segmentation system suffer in word or sub word segmentation into characters because they consider one algorithm to segment all kind of Arabic printed font, style and size. The goal of this work is to prepare a system of word or sub word Optical Font Arabic Recognition (OFAR) for different font size and style of Arabic printed script, in order to integrate it in global Arabic Optical Character Recognition (AOCR) to choose preferred and good segmentation algorithm. APTI database was used to extract last ten pixels for each word or sub word to build new database of last 10 pixels for each word; OFAR is based upon this new database and our extraction approach called Pixels Continuity (PC) algorithm in different matrix direction and some histogram statistics to extract 20 features. Three KNN classifiers with K=5 and three different distances using Cityblock, Euclidean and Correlation based upon majority-vote are used to evaluate the system robustness. This classifier is compared in the first time with Back propagation Neural Network and Steerable Pyramid (SP) algorithm to re cognize three font families, then in the second time with Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) to recognize font and size. The average recognition results obtained was 99.55% about font and size and 98.17% for font, size and style recognition.

Using bag-of-features for arabic font recognition

Using bag-of-features for arabic font recognition

Real-time Assistive Reader Pen for Arabic Language

Disability is an impairment affecting an individual's livelihood and independence. Assistive technology enables the disabled cohort of the community to break the barriers to learning, access information, contribute to the community, and live independently. This article proposes an assistive device to enable people with visual disabilities and learning disabilities to access printed Arabic material in real-time, and to help them participate in the education system and the professional workforce. This proposed assistive device employs Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and Text To Speech (TTS) conversion, using concatenation synthesis. OCR is achieved using image processing, character extraction, and classification, while Arabic speech synthesis is achieved through concatenation synthesis, followed by Multi Band Re-synthesis Overlap-Add (MBROLA). Waveform generation in the second phase produces vocal output for the disabled user to hear. OCR character and word accuracy tests were conducted for nine Arabic fonts. The results show that six fonts were recognized with over 60% character accuracy and two fonts were recognized with over 88% accuracy. A Mean Opinion Score (MOS) test for speech quality was conducted. The results showed an overall MOS score of 3.53/5 and indicated that users were able to understand the speech. A real-time usability testing was conducted with 10 subjects. The results showed an overall average of agreements scores of 3.9/5 and indicated that the proposed Arabic reader pen meets the real-time constraints and is pleasant and satisfying to use and can contribute to make printed Arabic material accessible to visually impaired persons and people with learning disabilities.

A survey about legible Arabic fonts for young readers

Reading is an interconnected cognitive process including recognition and comprehension. The objective of the reading act could not be achieved unless the text is legible enough to interpret. For that reason, legibility is crucial for the reading mechanism, it will affect reading speed and the recognition of the graphs in the right way. Based on the fact that fonts and the way the text is presented influence children's reading performance and fluency, the current paper investigates different Arabic fonts in order to determine the optimal font for a fluent reading for children with a low rate of errors in both printed and on-screen texts. This study recruits 33 primary Moroccan school students of third grade and investigates the reading fluency and error rates for five Arabic font types. This paper recommends, as a result, the use of Simplified Arabic font for reducing reading errors due to graphs presentation for either printed or on-screen texts.

A Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Arabic Text Recognition

Arabic text recognition is a challenging task because of the cursive nature of Arabic writing system, its joint writing scheme, the large number of ligatures and many other challenges. Deep Learning (DL) models achieved significant progress in numerous domains including computer vision and sequence modelling. This paper presents a model that can recognize Arabic text that was printed using multiple font types including fonts that mimic Arabic handwritten scripts. The proposed model employs a hybrid DL network that can recognize Arabic printed text without the need for character segmentation. The model was tested on a custom dataset comprised of over two million word samples that were generated using (18) different Arabic font types. The objective of the testing process was to assess the model’s capability in recognizing a diverse set of Arabic fonts representing a varied cursive styles. The model achieved good results in recognizing characters and words and it also achieved promising results in recognizing characters when it was tested on unseen data. The prepared model, the custom datasets and the toolkit for generating similar datasets are made publically available, these tools can be used to prepare models for recognizing other font types as well as to further extend and enhance the performance of the proposed model.

A survey about legible Arabic fonts for young readers

A survey about legible Arabic fonts for young readers

Arabic Fonts Representation in Cubic Bézier Curve using Different Soft Computing Algorithm

This study presents the comparison between two meta-heuristic algorithms for curve reconstruction of Arabic fonts. The two algorithms namely Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) are used for comparison purposes. These algorithms have been applied to optimize the solution of curve fitting problem by using cubic Bezier curve. There are several pre-processing steps involve before curve fitting process has been done. Firstly, extract the boundary. Then, detect the corner of outline fonts and the third step is chord length parameterization. The aim of this study is to find the best curve that fit the data. Sum Square Errors (SSE) has been used to calculate the error given by original image and parametric curve. The finding of this study shows that, WOA gives better curve approximation based on the errors result than SCA. This algorithm significantly improves the shape of the corner of the outline Arabic fonts.

Islamic Art and Language as a Source of Inspiration Leading to Traditional Arabic Calligraphy Art

The Islamic art has developed from different kind of visual art. Arabic calligraphy is one of the most prominent arts starting from the revolution of the Quran and has a long history. This paper will help to provide some sources of information that can be used by people who would like to understand and study the Islamic calligraphy and Islamic art. Also, this paper is connecting the Arabic language to universal spirituality and express how Arabic calligraphy has become a prominent feature in Islamic world. Indeed, this paper provides a brief of the long history of Islamic calligraphy, explains about some of various of Arabic fonts style, and some important Quranic colour that has significant in the Islamic culture. Arabic calligraphy, which is also known as Islamic calligraphy, has a long history of development starting from the first written form of the Quran, in the early 7th century. The Arabic calligraphy art presents how to understand and appreciate its varied styles and modes. Calligraphers start creating their art by using some passages from the Quran or Arabic poems as a starting point then they develop their compositions in a complex and intricate piece of art by the overlap of Arabic letter and words that integrate. Arabic calligraphy is about movement, rhythm and dynamism as seen through the calligraphic marks in most mosques or Islamic building or Islamic calligraphy painting. Islamic calligraphy presents the aspect of aesthetic principles and demonstrate the love for Arabic language and culture with the aesthetic methods of traditional Arabic art.

A novel features and classifiers fusion technique for recognition of Arabic handwritten character script

Arabic is the one of the fifth spoken language across the globe (422 million speak Arabic). Accurate recognition of Arabic characters is a challenging work because of two reasons; firstly, major dissimilarities and minor similarities with other languages and secondly right to left writing style. Hence, good quality features are to be extracted and better classifiers are required to develop the optical character recognition of Arabic characters/font. This manuscript explores automatic and appropriate selection of classifiers and features sets for recognition of character in Arabic handwritten script. After analyzing the problem, this manuscript investigates a new model which is concentrated on fusion strategy. To achieve this objective, fusion of various classifiers and features has been done. The suggested work is on multi-font script recognition that contains fonts of SH Roqa, Naskh, Farsi, and Igaza. To perform experimentation, different classifiers and features which are appropriate to the script recognition for Arabic font nature have been considered and implemented. The suggested work has been executed on AHCD and IFN/ENIT datasets. The experimentation results indicate that fusion strategies bring results better than traditional methods.

The Cubic Bezier-Ball Like curve with Shape Parameters

In this paper the basic spotlight is construct new cubic basis functions to generate rational cubic Bezier-Ball Like curve with two shape parameters. The current study the Bezier-Ball Like curve analogous to cubic Bezier curve, Ball curve, and Timmer curve at specific value of shape parameters. The shape of the curve can be modified by change the value of shape parameters and weights. In this work the Arabic font can be represented using Bezier-Ball Like curve.