Arabic Research Research Articles

A NOVEL ARABIC CORPUS FOR TEXT CLASSIFICATION USING DEEP LEARNING AND WORD EMBEDDING

Over the last years, Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Arabic language has obtained increasing importance due to the massive textual information available online in an unstructured text format, and its capability in facilitating and making information retrieval easier. One of the widely used NLP task is “Text Classification”. Its goal is to employ machine learning technics to automatically classify the text documents into one or more predefined categories. An important step in machine learning is to find suitable and large data for training and testing an algorithm. Moreover, Deep Learning (DL), the trending machine learning research, requires a lot of data and needs to be trained with several different and challenging datasets to perform to its best. Currently, there are few available corpora used in Arabic text categorization research. These corpora are small and some of them are unbalanced or contains redundant data. In this paper, a new voluminous Arabic corpus is proposed. This corpus is collected from 16 Arabic online news portals using an automated web crawling process. Two versions are available: the first is imbalanced and contains 3252934 articles distributed into 8 predefined categories. This version can be used to generate Arabic word embedding; the second is balanced and contains 720000 articles also distributed into 8 predefined categories with 90000 each. It can be used in Arabic text classification research. The corpus can be made available for research purpose upon request. Two experiments were conducted to show the impact of dataset size and the use of word2vec pre-trained word embedding on the performance of Arabic text classification using deep learning model.

The problem of modern literary criticism between tradition and renewal: The theory of receive and interpretation : إشكالية النقد الأدبي الحديث بين التقليد والتجديد "نظرية التلقي والتأويل"

Identifying the concept of a text, its analysis and interpretation are of great importance in literary critical studies among western and Arab scientists and researchers of all time. This theory was rooted in Arabic Rhetoric and interpretation of Holy Qura'n before the existence of modern linguistics and western theories. Recently, the text- reader relation has been developed in light of these grounded theories assuring that the base of the literary work in the interaction between the text construction and its readers. This interaction is mainly attained from the real interactivity between them both through receive theory as the recipient gets involved expecting something. The most important point is that reading should be productive by adding new dimensions and unlimited to the barriers of the text. The problems of reading and interpretation revolve around two main axes; first, the literary work and nature of the text, second, the interpretation and understanding of the text. Then, the issue is related to the subjectivity and objectivity of the text, and the degree of the reader's understanding and interpretation of it. So, it is a harmonized system that collects the elements of creativity; the author, the reader and the text when relating reading process to receive mechanics and interpretation. The current results confirmed that Arabic Rhetoric and critical literature have significant roles in the treatment of the text and its components.

The Impact of Fintech's on Banking Profitability Applied Study on A Sample of Arab Banks

The research aimed to see the impact of finTech's use of financial performance in a sample of Arab banks operating in some Arab markets selected at finTech's level of use and the availability of data needed to conduct field analysis, and four Arab markets were selected: (Saudi Arabia, The Kingdom of Bahrain, Kuwait, Palestine) for the period (2005-2019). Based on the results reached, there were many conclusions, it became clear that FinTech contributed to the increased profitability of Arab research banks, and finTech's adoption and performance in profitability was reflected through some of its tools, particularly (ATMs, and the number of points of sale) which had a moral impact, which explains the speed of the provision of banking services and the reduction of their costs, especially in finTech. This can be explained by the fact that FinTech has an impact on improving the reputation of banks that have employed FinTech tools in the market, which may be reflected in the increased popularity of investors and customers (customers) in the banking market.

The Challenges Facing Arab Researchers in Using English References in Research

This study investigates why Arabic researchers do not employ English references and citations in their studies. Even though many colleges and universities teach English in their undergraduate and postgraduate stages, Arabic researchers face real challenges in using English language references. This is due to apparent weakness in their English language competency, and teaching, learning, and assessing at schools, colleges, and universities. As a result, graduates with poor English language skills from colleges and universities with various scientific credentials and specialties, particularly the humanistic specialization, are produced. This, in turn, has a significant impact on the quality of the research and studies they perform both before and after graduation. This weakness is also due to their independence and general ignorance of the English language, so they rely primarily on Arabic references, rarely using English language references. As a result, they miss out on a significant amount of information, valuable studies, significant research, and a vast amount of scientific areas. The study data consisted of 76 Arabic journals to determine to what extent Arabic researchers employ English references in their studies compared to Arabic ones. The findings revealed that the researchers depend on Arabic references when they do their research. Indeed, this will impact the overall quality of Arabic research and development, resulting in a frail motivation towering over the world's correspondences. Some recommendations were made to develop remedies and enhance researchers in the Arab world.

Stance and engagement in English and Arabic research article abstracts

Research in the area of intercultural rhetoric has mainly focused on academic writing in English and other languages. However, the writing of research article abstracts in English and Arabic has yet received scarce attention. To this end, this study shows how academic writers interact with their readers in both English and Arabic, or how writers express their stance and engage with readers. Eighty abstracts of research articles in the field of social sciences (40 for each language)—published in two journals (Scopus Q4): Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences and the International Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Studies—were retrieved for quantitative and qualitative analyses using Hyland’s (2005, 2019) framework. The findings are discussed in light of theories of metadiscourse and intercultural rhetoric. The analysis revealed that there are clear differences in the way academic writers express their stance and engage with readers in the two languages. Specifically, the findings showed that Arabic academic writers made less use of hedges and more use of boosters and attitude markers than English academic writers. In addition, self-mention as a stance feature was totally absent in the English abstracts but was located eight times in the Arabic ones. Finally, Arabic academic writers made less use of the engagement markers than English academic writers. The findings call for more cross-linguistic and cross-cultural analyses of academic writing in general, and research articles in particular.

Use of free online scholarly tools by Arab and non- Arab researchers in library and information science field: An exploratory study

The current study aims to determine the extent of awareness of free online scholarly research tools among Arab compared to non-Arab scholars in the field of library and information science. This study measures rates of usage, perceived advantages and disadvantages, and the methods of discovering these tools which defined as tools that are used to help postgraduate students and academics interested in scholarly to prepare their scientific research easily and freely. The study adopted the quantitative approach in collecting data through the survey of (256) participants, including (132) Arab researchers and (124) non- Arab researchers. The results of the study indicated that there are (66) free scholarly tools used to prepare scientific research on the Internet. Despite the advantages offered by free online scholarly tools such as saving time and effort (24.48%). The awareness of these tools is still insufficient on the part of Arab researchers in libraries and information field (60.6%) in exchange for raising awareness on the part of non-Arab researchers (93.5%). So, it is necessary to the advertising of these tools adequately and teach it for Arab researchers in all fields. Further in-depth research in the future recommended to determine the functional quality and the possibility of their adoption in library and information science research. Finally, this study is not only important for researchers, but also for software developers and producers of these tools, Where they can benefit from the results of this study to find out the researchers' insights and their needs from these tools and work to meet them in the future.

Islamic Studies of Korea in Medieval Scripts: Medieval Muslims’ perception of Korea “as a Muslims’ Paradise” and the Influence of Ancient Civilizations’ Golden Island in the Sea East of the Eastern End of the World

Silla was one of two places in East Asia frequently described by medieval Muslim writers from the mid ninth-century onwards. The earliest study of Silla in antique documents can be traced back to eighteenth-century Arabists who attached a short note to the word “Sīlā” when editing or translating manuscripts.1 From the nineteenth century, not only in quantitative terms but also qualitatively, Muslim authors’ eagerness to catalogue their knowledge about Silla caught the attention of contemporary scholars in both the East and West. In addition to Europeans, Japanese academics attempted to study the definition of Silla at this time, and owing to the colonization of Korea, Silla came to be considered not only as part of Korean, but also Japanese “history.” From the early twentieth century, pioneering Korean scholars were also challenged by the task of deciphering medieval Muslim knowledge of Silla, often in conjunction with Arabic researchers.

Analogue and Digital(elecronic) linguistic Atlas

The study addresses the concept of analogue and digital(elecronic) linguistic Atlas, showing the stages of their design, the computer processing of linguistic data and maps, then what are the most important features of the electronic Atlas and in terms of research science and education, as well as in the field of language learning. This scientific intervention seeks to answer all the theoretical and methodological questions discussion in which we refer first of all to the concept of the analogue linguistic Atlas on which we approach : (definition and most famous modalitties in terms of its completion, mechanisms, characteristics and importance). This section follows the concept of digital linguistic Atlas: (definition, stages of design, stages of realization and computer processing, characteristics, importance) and its reality in Arabic linguistic research.

Similarities between Arabic dialects: Investigating geographical proximity

The automatic classification of Arabic dialects is an ongoing research challenge, which has been explored in recent work that defines dialects based on increasingly limited geographic areas like cities and provinces. This paper focuses on a related, yet relatively unexplored topic: the effects of the geographical proximity of cities located in Arab countries on their dialectal similarity. Our work is twofold, reliant on: (1) comparing the textual similarities between dialects using cosine similarity and (2) measuring the geographical distance between locations. We study MADAR and NADI, two established datasets with Arabic dialects from many cities and provinces. Our results indicate that cities located in different countries may in fact have more dialectal similarity than cities within the same country, depending on their geographical proximity. The correlation between dialectal similarity and city proximity suggests that cities that are closer together are more likely to share dialectal attributes, regardless of country borders. This nuance provides the potential for important advancements in Arabic dialect research because it indicates that a more granular approach to dialect classification is essential to understanding how to frame the problem of Arabic dialect identification.

Exploring Instructional Design in Arabic Education

This review examines instructional design principles from Behaviorist, Cognitivist, Constructivist, and Contemporary learning inspired models within the landscape of Arabic language education research. Specific characteristics from instructional design models suchs as ADDIE, Morrison, Ross, and Kemp, ASSURE, and Rapid Prototyping are explored within the context of the Arabic classroom that uses technology integration. It will be shown that there is a need for more studies to emphasize the importance of design within course development to benefit both instructors and learners of Arabic. This synthesis of current research will be helpful to Arabic educators and researchers in determining best collaborative and comprehensive strategies for designing effective Arabic language learning environments to propel the field into the future. 

Rooting the concept and skills of engineering sense in Egyptian and Arabic research and studies

Geometric sense is one of the types of mathematical sense in its general concept and there is a difference between researchers in Egypt and the Arab countries about the concept of geometric sense and its main and sub-skills and there is also a confusion among researchers between geometric sense measurement tests and achievement tests in geometry. The aim of the research is to accurately define the concept of geometric sense that eliminates differences between researchers, to refute the geometric skills identified by researchers within Egypt and the Arab countries for geometric sense, which confuses geometric sense, geometric thinking, geometric proof and achievement in geometry, to identify key and sub-skills for geometric sense according to the writings of the American Council of Mathematicians NTCM so that researchers can commit to them in future research.

30 - Tribute from Arab and African Research Centre

30 - Tribute from Arab and African Research Centre

Taking an authorial stance in English and Arabic research article discussions

Abstract Taking an authorial stance is essential in academic writing but remains a challenge for novice researchers, especially EFL/ESL writers. This study explores how authors of English and Arabic research article discussions employ evaluative language resources while commenting on their results. To this end, the study investigated the employment of Engagement resources within Appraisal Theory (Martin & White 2005). The findings exhibited a great divergence between the two language groups as Arabic discussions relied more on Contracting strategies, which indicate the tendency to close down the space for dialogic alternatives, while their English counterparts preferred Expanding resources, which open up the dialogic space for alternative voices. The study, therefore, bears some pedagogical implications for L2 learners.

تحليل بحث النقد الأدبي العربي النسوي من خلال منظور الفلسفي

The aim of this article is to analyze a feminist Arabic literary criticism research from a philosophical perspective, which includes the ontology, epistemology, and axiology of the research. The research subject analyzed was the poem "Sihru Sītā" which was translated by Usman Arrumi from Indonesian poet; Sapardi Djoko Damono. It can be seen that the diction used in poetry seems to corner the image of women in the form of women's oppression over men. As for the philosophical framework in completing the scientific research process, at least it needs to go through various stages, which include identifying problems, formulating problems, compiling a conceptual framework, formulating hypotheses, research methods that include data collection and analysis methods, and finally in the form of conclusions from research. Scientific knowledge, including Arabic literary research, can be said to be correct when a combination of rationalism and empiricism appears. Rationalism provides a coherent and logical framework of thought, whereas empiricism provides a testing framework to ascertain the correctness of that knowledge.

التوازی الترکیبی فی البیان والتبیین للجاحظ (دراســة لغویــة)

يعرض البحث لصور التوازي الترکيبي في البيان والتبيين للجاحظ، بغرض الوقوف على حضور الموروث اللغوي في الدراسات المعاصرة، وإظهار أثر التوازي الترکيبي وما فيه من تآلف المبنى مع المعنى في إحداث التأثير التواصلي، وقد اتبع البحث الوصف والتحليل لأمثلة واردة في مادة الدراسة، وجاءت مصنفة وفق نوع الجمل: التوازي في الجمل الاسمية، والتوازي في الجمل الفعلية، والتوازي في الجمل الشرطية، ومهد لها بشرح مفهوم التوازي الترکيبي، وذکر المصطلحات المصاحبة له، ثم بيان مستويات التوازي وأشکاله، والتفاتات الجاحظ في محيط التوازي الترکيبي على المستوى النظري، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى ورود التوازي الترکيبي في البيان والتبيين في النصوص التي أنشأها الجاحظ، وفي النصوص المختارة، وجاءت متنوعة من حيث: الطول والقصر، والنوع الجملي(جمل اسمية، وفعلية وشرطية)، وجمل بسيطة ومرکبة، کما جاء التوازي بالاتفاق تارة وبالاختلاف تارة أخرى، وقد برز نظم الکلمات في تقسيم جملي يحقق تواصلية مؤثرة بالتنغيم الموسيقي والتعميق الدلالي. Parallel Structures of Declaration and Demonstration for Al- Jahiz A Linguistic Study By: Fatima Abdul- Aziz Al- Othman Department of Syntax, Morphology and Philology Faculty of Arabic Language Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University KSA Abstract This research introduces some images of parallel eloquent structures and for Al- Jahiz in order to trace the presence of the linguistic heritage in contemporary studies and to reveal the impact of syntactic parallelism. In addition, the research intends to highlight the harmony of the content with the meaning implied in the communicative influence. The research has followed the descriptive and analytical approaches through describing and analyzing the examples included in the material of the study. Those examples came as classified according to the type of sentences: parallel structures of nominal phrases, parallel structures of verbial phrases and parallel structures of conditional sentences. The researcher has paved the way by displaying the concept of parallel structures and the associated terminology then the research indicates the levels and forms of parallelism, and the attitude of Al- Jahiz in the context of parallel structures on a theoretical level. The study has found out that the stating of parallel structuralism in eloquence and demonstrative texts established by Al- Jahiz, and in the selected texts. The selected texts came in with various terms of length and the type of sentences (nominal sentences, verbal, and conditional), simple and complex sentences, as the parallel came by agreement at times and different at other times. Composing words has merged in a phrasal division to achieve an effective communicative musical tuning and semantic deepening. Keywords: Parallelism, Structural Parallelism, Similar, Heterogeneous Structures, Parallel Functions, Communicative Effect.

Genre Analysis of Accounts of Methodology in Arabic Educational Research Articles

Genre analysts have conducted studies on research articles (henceforth RAs) written in different languages, giving primary attention to the introduction section. The methodology has not been given similar attention although it is an essential part of empirical RAs. There are no studies, to the best of my knowledge, which have tackled accounts of methodology of Arabic RAs. This research, therefore, aims to identify the rhetorical features of accounts of methodology of Arabic educational RAs with their realisations. In pursuing this aim, 40 method sections were selected from RAs published in refereed Arabic journals in the field of Education. These were analysed based on Swales’ (1990) ‘move and steps’ analysis approach and bottom-up processing. The linguistic features, realising the moves and steps, were analysed using the transitivity framework (Halliday 1985). The findings show that there are five moves representing the methodology: 1- sample and population of study; 2- procedures of study; 3- measure; 4- variables of study; and 5- data analysis procedures. These moves are realised by a number of steps and sub-steps which are represented most often using material and relational process types. The results of this research provide insights into Arabic academic discourse. The results may also help empower beginner academic writers and enhance writing textbooks. Keywords: Methodology, Research articles, Rhetorical structures and transitivity framework.

Changes in Turkish Regional Policy from an Arab Perspective in the aftermath of Arab Uprisings

This study presents Arab perspectives on changes in Turkish policy in the Middle East from 2010 until 2020. It examines how Arab countries perceive changes in Turkish regional policy after the 2010–11 uprisings. Unlike Western and Turkish literature that has highlighted identity–security combinations behind changes in Turkish regional policy, this study argues that the Arabic research literature provides a different perspective. Based on a foreign policy analysis concept of operational milieu, this study argues that Arab countries negatively perceive the changes in Turkish policy due to structural transformations in the region during and after the uprisings that paved the way for the reemergence of psychological barriers between both sides.

ARABIC LANGUAGE SONOROUS SOUNDS IN THE ANCIENT ARABIC LESSON OF SOUNDS: DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL STUDY

Among what some oriental researchers had decided, and has been followed by many of modern Arab researchers, is that the ancient arabic linguistics didn't pay attention to sonorous sounds in Arabic language so well as their consideration to the mute sounds. Their point of view is that these sounds got only superficial mentions, therfore, they didn't arrive to define the nature of these letters pretending that ancient phonologique scientists were considering them casual sounds, a part of mute sounds, in addition their effectiveness to the script more than their effectiveness to the aural. Although, if we get back to the patrimonial phonetic resources and read our ancient Arab scientists achievement, we find the opposite. What they arrived to in their researches in the description of sonorous sounds in its physiological and physical parts, or in its functional and syntactic parts, is not far from that proved by modern researchers of phonetics. Thus, this research will, trough description and analysis, work on the study of sonorous sounds in Arabic language by our ancient scientists. It will also see in the importance of their sonorous achievement.

The mergers and splits that occurred with Ahdut Ha'avoda (1930- 1968 AD): الاندماجات والانشقاقات التي حدثت مع أحدوت هاعفوداه (1930- 1968م)

The Ahdut Ha'avodah party is one of the most important Arab Zionism that emerged during the twenties of the twentieth century, due to its essential role in the formation of the Zionist institutions that contributed to the establishment of the (Jewish state). AD, and its formation, the Mapai Party, until its formation in the Israeli Labor Party in 1968 with the Mapai and Rafi parties, in addition to the most prominent ideas of the party in every stage in it, in addition to the reasons that lead to those initiatives that were established in those events, and highlighting the most important party, the party in every stage. Stage of its stages, The study aimed to know the mergers and splits that occurred with the Ahdut Ha'avoda party since its union in 1930AD, and its formation of the Mapai Party, until its formation in the Israeli Labor Party in 1968 with the parties of Mapai and Rafi, in addition to identifying the most prominent ideas and programs of the party at each stage in which it is located, in addition to knowing The reasons that led to those mergers and splits that occurred with the party, and to highlight the most important leaders of the party in every stage of its stages, and the researcher followed in his study on the methodology of historical and descriptive analytical research, by narrating the historical events and then expressing an opinion about them, among the most important results he reached The researcher in his research is as follows: 1.Ahdut Ha'afudah played an important role in uniting the Zionist workers in Palestine, through the formation of the Mapai Party. 2.One of the main reasons for the emergence of Bloc B and the leftist movement in the Mapai party was its objection to the foreign policy of the party, and its demand for the restoration of democracy to its institutions, and it split from the Mapai party in May 1944, and established a new party that took for itself the historical name of the Ahdut movement Ha'avoda: “Give it to Lahoud Ha'foda” (The Movement for Labor Union). 3.Ahdut Ha'avoda saw himself as the sole heir of the historical Ahdut Ha'avoda movement, carrying the general idea of ​​unification of the Zionist socialist parties in the land of (Israel). 4.The Ahdut Ha'avodah Party derives its main strength from the kibbutz movement, which is called the (Hakibbutz Ha'avodah Movement - United Kibbutz). 5.Contacts took place between the Ahdut Ha'avoda and Bay parties during the years 1964- 1965AD to form an electoral alliance between them, and the supporters of Achdut Ha'Afoudah supported that approach. Because of the ideological attrition among party members. 6.On May 19, 1965 AD, the alliance agreement between the Mapai parties and Ahdut Ha'avodah was signed in Haifa, despite the opposition of the minority in the two parties, whether the minority in the Mapai party led by David Ben- Gurion, or the minority led by (Yitzhak Tabenkin) - the spiritual leader of the party Ahdut Haafodah -. 7.The two- party alliance agreement stipulated that the two allied parties present a joint list of candidates in the Knesset and Histadrut elections, municipalities, the world Zionist movement, and other bodies in which the elections are held on a party basis under the name (The Alliance for the Unity of Israel Workers) - HaArakhtan (The Small Gathering). 8.The 1967 AD war highlighted the idea of ​​unifying the four workers' parties in (Israel): Mapai, Ahdut Ha'avodah, Rafi and Mapam. Based on the findings, the study recommends the following: 1- That the Palestinian and Arab research centers pay attention to Zionist affairs. 2- Draw lessons from the history of Zionist workers' parties and their role in establishing the Zionist state; (Israel), and the possibilities of benefiting from that experience in the Palestinian reality through: o Benefiting from the party experience (the Zionist workers parties) of the Palestinian parties. o Planning and preparation is an element of success in party work. o Competition between parties for the common good. 3- That some researchers in modern history proceed to prepare studies in the history of Zionism, by referring to the Hebrew sources and references. 4- Research centers' interest in translating Hebrew sources and references, to assist researchers in the history of the Zionist movement.

Word Production (Al-Tawlīd Al-Luġawy) in Arabic: Causes and Types

Word Production (Called in Arabic by Al-Tawlīd Al-Luġawy) which means inventing new words is one of development of language phenomenon that happens in any languages including Arabic. This phenomenon is a demand of condition that one language is not capable of expressing ideas and emotions and has something to do with communication with non-speaker or other languages. Thus, a language can influence and be influenced. This paper tried to uncover reasons and theories using comparative study so that it is clear for Arabic language researchers to use tawlid in their research. The writer found eight reasons why neology emerged, which are development of civilization, friction between Arab and Non-Arab, administration system after Islamic expansion, translation process from Greek into Arabic, social and political demands, the beauty of expression, and inventing new scientific terms, while Ibrahim Murad stated five theories about neology: phonetic neology, morphological neology, semantic neology, spontaneous neology, and borrowing neology; as Nasruddin suggested five theories such as transfer of meaning, derivation, derivation from Arabization (mu’rab) or loanwords (dakhil), taulid form coinase and structure, metaphor neology, and meaning expansion. التوليد بمعنى إحداث كلمة جديدة مظهر من مظاهر تطوراللغات منها اللغة العربية.تكون هذه المظاهر من متطلبات الأحوال من عدم كفائة اللغة فى تعبير أفكار صاحب اللغة و مشاعرهم خاصة و نتيجة من تعاملهم مع الآخرين فأثروا وتأثّروا. اهتمّ كثير من علماء اللغة بهذه المظاهر و بحثوا فى أسبابها و دواعىها بل جعلوا قواعدها. فهذه المقالة تعرض جهدهم فى هذا المجال فى اكتشاف تلك أسباب والقواعد بمنهج مقارنة حتى تكون واضحة لمحببي اللغة العربية راجيا استعمالهمم فى بحوثهم و مقالتهم.وجد الكاتب ثمانىة أسباب لظهور التوليد فى اللغة العربية وهي التطور الـحضاري، والاحتكاك بين العرب الأعجم، والـحاجة الـملحة، والنظام الإداري عند العرب بعد الفتوحات الإسلامية، وعملية ترجمة العلوم اليونانية إلى اللغة العربية، والدعاية السياسية والاقتصادية، وجمال التعبير، ووضع الـمصطلحات العلميةكما وجد ابراهيم مراد الذي قدم خمس قواعيد يعني التوليد الصوتي، التوليد الصرفي، التوليد الدلالي، التوليد بالارتجال، التوليد بالانقراضحيث لكل منها فصول كما قدم نصر الدين ست قواعيد وهي انتقال الـمعنى، والاشتقاق، والاشتقاق من الـمعرب أو الدخيل،والتوليد بالنحت والتركيب،والتوليد الـمجازي، والتوسع.