Arab Republic Research Articles

The burden of childhood and adolescent cancers in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

IntroductionDespite the significant burden of childhood and adolescent cancers, no specific studies recently discussed the burden of cancer in this group in the North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region. Therefore, we aimed to study the burden of cancers in this group in this region.Materials and methodsWe retrieved the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for children and adolescent cancers (0–19 years old) in the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. 21 types of neoplasms were grouped as “neoplasms”, comprising 19 specific cancer groups as well as “other malignant neoplasms” and “other neoplasms”. Three significant parameters of incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were studied. The data are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), and reported rates per 100,000.ResultsIn 2019, almost 6 million (95% UI: 4.166 M–8.405 M) new cases and 11,560(9770-13,578) deaths due to neoplasms occurred in the NAME region. Incidence was higher in females (3.4 M), while deaths (6226 of overall 11,560) and DALYs (501,118 of overall 933,885) were estimated as higher in males. Incidence rates did not significantly change since 1990, while deaths and DALYs rates declined significantly. After excluding “other malignant neoplasms” and “other neoplasms”, leukemia was responsible for the highest number of incidence and deaths (incidence: 10,629(8237-13,081), deaths: 4053(3135-5013), followed by brain and central nervous system cancers (incidence: 5897(4192-7134), deaths: 2446(1761-2960)), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (incidence: 2741 (2237-3392), deaths: 790(645–962)). Incidence rates of neoplasms were similar for most countries, but countries varied more in terms of death rates. Afghanistan 8.9(6.5–11.9), Sudan 6.4(4.5–8.6), and the Syrian Arab Republic 5.6(4.3–8.3) had the highest overall death rates.ConclusionThe NAME region is observing relatively constant incidence rates and a decreasing pattern in the deaths and DALYs. Despite this success, several countries are lagging behind in development. Different issues such as economic problems, armed conflicts and political instabilities, lack of equipment or experienced staff or poor distribution, stigmatization and disbelief in the healthcare systems account for unfavorable numbers in some countries. Such problems require urgent solutions as new sophisticated and personalized cares raise the alarm for even more inequalities between high and low-income countries.

Durable Solution to the Problem of Externally Displaced Persons from the Syrian Arab Republic in OIC Member States

Abstract According to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the majority of the 5.7 million UNHCR registered refugees from the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR) reside in five Member States of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), namely Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey. The present study aims to discover the impact of the measures taken by UNHCR, European Union (EU), OIC, and states in question on the durable solution of the problem of externally displaced persons from SAR in accordance with applicable international law. It explores the scope of states’ international law obligations, their concepts of ‘burden sharing’ and ‘durable solution’ as well as legal aspects of the cooperation between the international organisations and states in question. The difference in legal positions of states and international organisations results in the lack of available forms of durable solution to the problem of external displacement from SAR.

Organizational silence and its relationship to social responsibility among a sample of university youth

study the relationship between organizational silence in its axes and social responsibility in its dimensions for university youth, and to study the differences between males and females, and the children of working and non-working women, in both organizational silence and social responsibility, studying the differences in organizational silence and social responsibility for youth, the study sample, according to the number of Family members, and the age of the young man. Studying the participation rate of the independent variables with the dependent variable according to the weights of the regression coefficient and the degree of correlation with the dependent variable. The research sample included (320) young people at the university level, from rural and urban residents of various cities and irrigation centers of the Arab Republic of Egypt, of different social and economic levels, between the ages of (17: 24 years), and they were chosen in a purposeful way, and the research tools included On the general data questionnaire, the organizational silence questionnaire, and the social responsibility questionnaire, the study followed the descriptive analytical approach. The most important results revealed that there is a statistically significant correlation between some axes of the organizational silence questionnaire, and some dimensions of the social responsibility questionnaire. There is no statistically significant difference between the total organizational silence and the social responsibility of university youth, the study sample, depending on the number of family members, the age of the young man, the difference in the participation rate of the independent variables with the dependent variable according to the weights of the regression coefficient and the degree of correlation with the dependent variable. The study recommended the need to provide social support to increase the interdependence between family members and some of them through trips or expenses, which is an opportunity to improve the atmosphere of relations within the family and establish justice in procedures and dealings as governing principles for work within the family, society and the university, and taking into account the human and personal aspects of them, thus reducing silence and increasing the social responsibility of young people The need for the participation of all educational, social and political institutions in the continuous awareness of university youth to increase their social responsibility and open their minds, activating the role of universities in community service through student participation in providing services to the community, which contributes to the youth’s understanding of the issues of his society, and supports his shouldering the responsibility of serving his country.

Historical Trees within the Framework of Urbanization (a Case Study of the Maryam Tree, Matariya District)

Heritage trees are considered among the distinctive and documented features of the geological history of the development of the region and a witness to historical events and a record of the memory of the place. Some of these trees have been documented and preserved, but there were a lot of these trees that were neglected and erased, which made the area lose its natural historical character. This was caused by a combination of factors, including natural factors and factors resulting from haphazard urban development. The study aims to know the criteria for documenting heritage trees and monitoring their impact on the surrounding urban areas. The study followed the descriptive approach through literary review through books and research and the analytical approach by studying similar models of heritage trees and extracting the elements of choosing the heritage tree and the methods of urbanization dealing with the heritage tree and applying these elements to the study area (Maryam's tree) in the Matareya area. Through a documentation form showing the impact of Maryam's tree on the change of uses within the surrounding urban environment. This study concluded by highlighting the importance of protecting these heritage trees from extinction by linking them within the surrounding urban space in proportion to their historical importance. And enacting laws to document the heritage trees to protect them by making a comprehensive map to heritage trees in the Arab Republic of Egypt as a natural heritage that must be preserved.

Theoretical Substantiation of the Method for Predicting the Formation of the Northern Kebir River (Syrian Arab Republic) Using Morphometric Dependencies and Hydraulic Patterns of Water Movement

Theoretical Substantiation of the Method for Predicting the Formation of the Northern Kebir River (Syrian Arab Republic) Using Morphometric Dependencies and Hydraulic Patterns of Water Movement

DONATION FOR CHURCH CONSTRUCTION VIEWED FROM SAYYID THANTHAWI'S PERSPECTIVES

This research aimed at investigating Sayyid Thanthawi's ijtihad pattern and methodology for deciding the law on making donations for church construction. As stated by Islamic teachings, Christians do not regard God to be One since they believe in the Trinity (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit). Within the national state, however, Muslims and Christians coexist, work together, and assist one another. Conflicts of interest in coexistence might emerge as a result of religious differences. This current study is library research using qualitative descriptive analysis. The data used were secondary data in the form of books written by Sheikh Sayyid Thanthawi, Mufti of the Arab Republic of Egypt, as well as other relevant books. This research found that from Sayyid Thanthawi's viewpoint, a Muslim is permitted to donate to the construction of a church. Sayyid Thanthawi's Ijtihad is moderate since it considers the greater benefit and fosters harmony among religious communities, without ignoring the demands of the Qur'anic text. The ijtihad approach employed is the maslahah theory, which takes into account the benefits and harm that would be caused by the Fatwa's issuing. The implication of this ijtihad is the establishment of concord and peace between Muslims and Christians in Egypt. However, some Egyptian religious scholars restrict donations to church construction, arguing that it is the same as donating to the development of gambling businesses and nightclubs.

Mathematics teachers’ awareness of effective teaching practices: A comparative study

This study aimed to explore mathematics teachers’ awareness of effective teaching practices issued by the United States National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM, 2014a) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt and to compare the results using the comparative descriptive method. The Saudi sample comprised 651 teachers, and the Egyptian sample included 620 teachers. Data were collected through an awareness scale of eight dimensions of effective teaching practices. The study found that mathematics teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Arab Republic of Egypt had high awareness of effective teaching practices. In addition, no differences were found in Saudi teachers’ awareness of potentially differentiating variables. However, there were differences attributable to the gender variable in favor of the female group. For Egyptian teachers, the results showed no statistically significant differences in awareness levels concerning gender and school stage. However, those with higher qualifications (master’s and doctoral degrees) showed significantly higher awareness than those with an average teaching experience of five-nine years. We identified areas to support high-quality mathematics teaching and learning for future professional development by highlighting and examining mathematics teachers’ awareness of effective practices. These findings have important implications for mathematics instruction specialists, coaches, and stakeholders in both countries.

Post COVID-19: The effect of virtual workplace practices on social sustainable development policy

The virtual workplace (VW) has indicated a worldwide paradigm shift for corporations and policymakers alike, who have needed to take urgent action and formulate rationalized policies for a safe transition for the planet and people’s lives. The literature divulges that VW practices and their effects on social sustainable development policy are an emergent field of study, and a limited amount of research has been conducted in the context of developing countries in general and the country of the Arab Republic of Egypt in particular. Therefore, this research surveyed the leading four public sector banks in Egypt. A questionnaire with closed-ended questions was developed and circulated to a random sample of administrators at the top, middle and executive levels of the designated banks. The research empirically tested the independent variables of VW practices across three different levels, focusing on individual factors, intra-/inter-corporation factors, and the external context. The dependent variable was surveyed by examining the effectiveness of social sustainable development policies. Four intermediate variables were investigated, including age, gender, level of education, and position. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics in Microsoft Excel to categorize the units of analysis using a Likert scale. Based on the results, concrete practices related to the VW and empirical policies for social sustainable development are proposed. Moreover, the research suggests key actions of improvement to be taken into consideration regarding VW practices, especially in the era of COVID-19, at the individual, organizational, and external levels.

Syria used chlorine gas in Douma, chemical weapons agency says

The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has again concluded that the Syrian Air Force used chemical weapons, breaking international law. The OPCW published the findings Jan. 27 in the third report of its Investigation and Identification Team (IIT). The IIT investigates the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic and establishes responsibility. In its latest report, the team used multiple pieces of evidence, including chemical analyses, to conclude that at least one air force helicopter dropped yellow cylinders containing chlorine gas on two apartment buildings, killing 43. “The world now knows the facts—it is up to the international community to take action, at the OPCW and beyond,” OPCW director general Fernando Arias says in a statement .

Socio-Political Factors of the Military Conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic

The article "Socio-political factors of the military conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic" examines the main factors influencing the conflict in Syria. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data and the results of a survey conducted in Syria. The article shows that the military conflict in Syria is caused by political instability, economic problems and disagreements between various political groups. In addition, ethical and religious differences and the influence of external forces on the situation in the country are also important factors in the conflict. The findings of the study emphasize the need to continue work to resolve the conflict in Syria through political dialogue and peaceful negotiations between the parties, as well as creating conditions for political stability, justice and economic well-being for all segments of the population. The military conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic has many causes and factors that interact with each other and strengthen the situation in the country. Political instability and divisions between different political groups, the presence of economic problems and injustices, ethical and religious differences and the influence of external forces on the situation in the country - all these factors contribute to the aggravation of the conflict. However, despite the complexity of the situation in Syria, there are chances to resolve the conflict through political dialogue and peaceful negotiations between the parties. To do this, it is necessary to eliminate the roots of the conflict, to ensure political stability, justice and economic well-being for all segments of the population. Thus, it is important to continue research on the socio-political factors of the military conflict in Syria and work on creating conditions for a peaceful resolution of the conflict, which will ensure the security and well-being of the inhabitants of this country.

Formal symbolic indications and projective value in the drawings of mentally handicapped children who are able to learn and their relationship to the dimensions of psychological adaptation.

Many factors and reasons combine to make children with disabilities loot feelings of frustration, failure and inferiority, and artistic activities for people with disabilities provide many opportunities to do equal work with others, through which they practice formation and formulation of ideas, interact with external stimuli and control their environments, and this helps them enjoy their ability to act and investigate what they may He compensates them for many of their previous experiences, coupled with failure and frustration. Psychology's use of graphics in general is increasing and expanding, not only in the field of measuring mental abilities, but also in the field of in-depth clinical diagnosis. Research Methodology, and Type of Study: The research relied on the descriptive analytical approach in presenting and analyzing the theoretical framework related to the study and inductive research in presenting the different concepts that depend primarily on content analysis to realize the shape, symbol, projective value and psychological dimensions in the drawings of mentally handicapped children who are able to learn. This study aimed: to identify the psychological dimensions in the drawings of mentally handicapped children who are able to learn and their relationship to the dimensions of psychological adaptation, as well as to identify the psychological dimensions according to the gender variable through formal symbolic connotations and the projective value in their drawings. Medical rehabilitation in Fayoum Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt, to determine psychological dimensions through formal symbolic connotations and projective value in their drawings. Assumed results, and summary of results: Psychological dimensions have been identified in the drawings of mentally handicapped children who are able to learn, through the results reached by the researcher. Some have excessive erasure and blurring of shapes, pressure on lines, loss of organization, limited use of colors, drawing unstable oblique shapes, minimizing drawing elements, or exaggerating magnification of some of these elements, and the lack of coherence between the drawn shapes, as their drawings turn into geometric shapes, symbols and exaggerated shapes. Accordingly, the researcher formulated the problem as follows: . Is it possible to identify the psychological dimensions in the drawings of mentally handicapped children who are able to learn and their relationship to the dimensions of psychological adaptation? . Is it possible to benefit from identifying the formal symbolic connotations and the projective value in the drawings of mentally handicapped children who are able to learn and their relationship to the dimensions of psychological adaptation?

The Effect of Analyzing Financial Ratios on the Market Price of Profitable Companies and Allied Companies in The Arab Republic of Egypt


 
 Abstract
 This study aims to investigate how the adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standard (hereinafter referred to as IFRS) affected the market price of shares of a select group of profitable companies in In the Arab Republic of Egypt between 2017 and 2022. This study was conducted when the country's financial statements were made in accordance with its accounting standard. Since the Arab Republic of Egypt implemented IFRS in 2017, there has been a knowledge gap about the relationship between Financial Ratio Analysis and Market Price of Share. This study aimed to fill that gap. It only used data from the financial statements of the chosen firms and utilized multiple regression analysis. Earnings per share, net assets per share, liquidity ratio, debt ratio, return on asset, and return on equity were all employed as financial ratio proxies. The outcome demonstrates a good and significant relationship between profitable companies and affiliated companies in the Arab Republic of Egypt firms Market Price of Share for Earnings per Share, Net Assets per Share, Debt Ratio, and Return on Asset Ratio. Additionally, it was discovered that the in the Arab Republic of Egypt profitable enterprises, affiliated companies, and Agro-Allied Quoted firms' Market Price of Share are not significantly correlated with the liquidity ratio and return on equity ratio.
 Keywords: Returns on asset; Returns of equity; Agriculture and agro-allied; Market price; Earnings per share; Net assets per share; Debt ratio; Liquidity ratio

Analysis and work with digital images and data of archaeological sites in the waters of the Syrian province of Tartus and the island of Arwad.

: In 2019, the first field season of the international Syrian-Russian underwater archaeological expedition took place in the waters of the province of Tartus SAR helded by of Ph.D. Lebedinsky V.V. From this moment, work has begun on the creation of the interactive site map and the general database of the SAR coast. As a result of all these latest expeditions, enough materials and data were collected to create unique graphic materials. This article describes in stages the process of processing digital materials and converting them into diagrams, drawings and 3D models, using the example of one of the largest islands of the Syrian Arab Republic - Arwad.

Russian–Iranian–Turkish trilateral relations in the Syrian civil war

The Syrian uprisings in 2011 transformed into a fragmented, internationalized, and highly intensive civil war. The confrontation in Syria involved numerous local forces, regional stakeholders and outside powers. Among those various actors, Türkiye, Russia, and Iran played the key role in shaping the outcome of the conflict. Despite support by Russia/Iran and Turkey to the opposite sides in a civil war, the three powers successfully delineated their respective spheres of influence and established a modus vivendi to coexist and co-manage the conflict in Syria. The trio has worked as equals, checking and balancing each other in their actions in the Syrian Arab Republic. As the crisis in Ukraine escalated, a new geopolitical reality emerged, affecting the Syrian theater and the related balance between three leading external actors. Russia’s decreased focus on Syria led to an expanding Iran, disturbing the balance of power and pushing Israel to intervene more assertively. Erupting competition between Ankara and Tehran could also lead to escalation. This article attempts to provide a picture of the complex triangular interplay between the Islamic Republic of Iran, Russia, and Türkiye in Syria. It outlines the divergent and converging interests of the three as well as their actions and policies vis-à-vis Syria. The work explores whether antagonistic aspirations are bridged or not and investigates where the potential for escalation lies.

The Egyptian Ramadan TV Series and National Fight with Drug Addiction

In 2019, half a million people all over the world died as a result of drug abuse. This topic is a very sensitive issue in a number of countries, including the Arab Republic of Egypt, where the government informs its citizens every few months about steps to take to combat this problem. Creating a TV series to be aired during Ramaḍān, the most important part of year from the Islamic point of view and also because of the media industry, is one of the tools to create awareness of the danger of drug addiction. In the article, the results of the research conducted on a very popular Ramaḍān TV series from 2015 entitled Taḥt as-Sayṭara are presented. The research focused on the presentation of this problem, in particular whether or not the problem was presented in a realistic way, thus aiding in the fight with drug addiction. This series was special, as it was the first and the only which was devoted so directly to the problem of drug addiction; the sickness covered about 89‒90% of the plot.

Identification of Ethno-Confessional Groups in Syria (a Case Study of the Armenian Community in Syria)

The article looks into some issues regarding the identification of ethno-confessional groups in the Syrian Arab Republic with a focus on the concepts (or terms) applied to them. Syrian Armenians are chosen as a case study, since they recognize themselves as Syrians and at the same time attach much importance to maintaining their Armenian identity. The first section of the article deals with the concept of minority and the usage of the term in the academic literature and legal sources, since ethno-confessional groups are often studied through the prism of this concept. Usually, it implies not just the size of the group but its non-dominating political and legal status. This often brings about some negative connotations even in the cases of the “neutral” usage of the concept. The second – studies the approach of the Syrian government and explains what factors define their terminology applied to ethno-confessional groups and how the concepts and terms used by the Syrian authorities reflect their policies towards ethno-confessional issues in Syria. The third section is a case study of the Armenian community of Syria. It offers an account of concepts used by them which are compared to those used within the governmental approaches. It is concluded that, on the one hand, the Syrian government is pursuing the idea of a common Syrian identity, which unites all the Syrians no matter their ethnic and confessional identity. On the other, despite that, on the local level ethno-confessional groups still identify themselves and other groups based on their ethno-confessional identity.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ ПАРЛАМЕНТСКОЙ ИЗБИРАТЕЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В АРЕ (2015-2020 ГГ.)

The author analyzes the transformation of the electoral system and electoral legislation in the Arab Republic of Egypt after the events of the Arab Spring. The article reveals electoral preparation, process and results of the 2015 and 2020 parliamentary elections that took place under the new political circumstances resulting from the 2011–2013 revolutionary developments. It considers the relevant provisions of the 2014 Constitution, as well as the fundamental electoral laws and the amendments thereto, the political and the party landscape and the current parliament composition. The electoral system, which has a long history in Egypt, has undergone major changes in the last decade; in particular, the electoral legislation has been changed several times. It was due to the political development of this country that has been affected by revolutionary upheavals since 2011. Currently, a new electoral system is being formed, and the process, which is still far from completion, is taking place in difficult socio-economic conditions. Along with the search for new advanced electoral models, there is maintenance of historical continuity and traditions specific to the political life of Egypt.

Concept of Syrian Nationalism in the Ideas of the Syro-Lebanese Orthodox Christian Thinker Antoun Saadeh

This article analyses one of the most important philosophical and political concepts of the Arab world, i.e., the concept of Syrian nationalism, which later became the ideological basis of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party and had a significant impact on the historical development of the Syrian State and the Levant of the Middle East in the mid-twentieth century. The study mainly draws on the following works by Antoun Saadeh: The Rise of Nations, The Ten Lectures, and Islam in its Two Messages. The article closely considers the historical context of emerging political ideologies in the Arab world of the twentieth century. During the research, the author of the article makes an attempt to describe the main elements of Antoun Saadeh’s Syrian nationalism concept and then briefly analyse the reasons for its failure that led to the spread of Michel Aflaq’s Arab nationalism as a state ideology of the Syrian Arab Republic. The article pays considerable attention to environmental determinism in Saadeh’s thoughts, his attitude to religion, place and role of the Syrian State and its people in the Middle East as well as impact of Syrian nationalism on developing other “local” nationalisms in Arab states neighbouring Syria. A substantial part of the article is devoted to the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) which was formed in 1932, its political principles, goals and tasks, religious composition, relations both with the official authorities in Syria and Lebanon and the rivalling Arab Socialist Baʿath Party. Finally, the article makes a conclusion regarding the reasons for the failure of the SSNP in the domestic political field of the states above.

Москва — Каир. Египетский народный сценический танец: наследие советских хореографов

Based on a wide range of sources, including archival ones, what follows a history of Soviet-Egyptian cooperation in choreographic art from 1957–1976. Special attention is paid to the contribution of choreographers Igor Moiseev, Boris and Larisa Ramazin, Anatoly Borzov, Alla Shulgina, and others. They helped to create and develop Egyptian stage folk dance. Soviet choreographers played a decisive role in the development of Egyptian stage folk dance in its modern form. Within the Agreement on Cultural Cooperation between the USSR and the Arab Republic of Egypt, they collected folk dance material in the regions of Egypt and staged it for the repertoire of The National Folkloric Dance Troupe of Egypt and the Cairo Ballet Company. They also played an important role in the creation of the Higher Ballet Institute and School at The National Folkloric Dance Troupe. This formed the base for the system of professional training of choreographers, which still works in this country. The published information changes the ideas about the history of both the folk forms of Egyptian stage dance and the female dance raqs sharqi in the second half of the 20th century.

Investigating websites quality of public and private banks in Syrian Arab Republic

Investigating websites quality of public and private banks in Syrian Arab Republic