Arab Republic Research Articles

Подход Австрии к урегулированию конфликта в Сирии

Since the early 1990s, the Republic of Austria has consistently expanded the geographical and instrumental scope of its military-political agenda. One of the key directions of this course has been the country’s participation in the resolution of the crisis in the Syrian Arab Republic during the 2010s. This article examines the evolution of Austria’s approach to stabilizing the situation in Syria from 2011 to the early 2020s. The author highlights the crucial determinants that influenced the country’s support for measures against the legitimate government of Bashar al-Assad between 2011 and 2014. The main reasons for the shift in this policy in the mid-2010s are reflected, with particular emphasis on the factor of the intensification of international terrorism and the role of the Russian Federation in combating it. The article presents Austria’s diplomatic efforts to navigate its position and that of the European Union as a whole, aiming to prevent their marginalization in the Syrian resolution process by the end of the 2010s.

Overview and Analysis of the Energy Sector of the Syrian Arab Republic

Overview and Analysis of the Energy Sector of the Syrian Arab Republic

Analysis Of The Development Of Egyptian Statehood Based On The Traditions Of Religiousness And Secularism

This article discusses issues such as the role of the Arab Republic of Egypt in regional and global international relations, the country's strategic location, rich cultural heritage, and balanced foreign policy, its policy aimed at creating strong regional and global alliances, attracting foreign investments, and developing trade.

The impact of Job Empowerment on Organizational Culture. Case Study of ASME Integrated Solutions in Egypt

The study aimed to: To demonstrate the impact of Job empowerment on organizational culture, Case study: ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire as the main tool for collecting data. It included 40 items to collect primary data, The study population consisted of all employees at ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt, whose number is (50) employees, the researcher used the comprehensive survey method due to the small size of the study community, and a sample of 48 items was retrieved with a recovery rate of 96%.The dimensions of the independent variable in job empowerment were studied, which were: delegation of powers, independence, participation in decision-making, and access to information. The study concluded with results: There is a statistically significant impact at the level (α ≤ 0.05) for job empowerment on the organizational culture of employees at ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt, where job empowerment obtained a percentage of (83.8%), and participation in decision-making obtained the highest percentage of (86%), and Organizational culture at a percentage of (85.6%), and the results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at a significance level (α ≤ 0.05) between the average responses of the study sample members at ASME Integrated Solutions Company in the Arab Republic of Egypt regarding the study variables (job empowerment and organizational culture) attributed to demographic and personal variables: (gender, age group, years of service, educational qualification, job title). The study recommended enhancing the delegation of powers and responsibilities to employees, improving employee performance and helping them keep pace with technological developments and changes in the work environment. It also emphasized encouraging and supporting independence and creating effective communication channels, in addition to enhancing shared values and a unified vision and encouraging innovation and creativity as part of the organizational culture.

The Relationship Between Sustainable Marketing and Customer Retention An Empirical Study on Customers of Telecom Companies in the Arab Republic of Egypt

خلفية الدراسة ومشكلتها: تحاول الدراسة استكشاف العلاقة بين التسويق المستدام والاحتفاظ بالعملاء. الأهداف: هدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة العلاقة بين التسويق المستدام والاحتفاظ بالعملاء، في مجال التطبيق وهو عملاء شركة الاتصالات في جمهورية مصر العربية. واعتمد البحث فلسفة المنهج الوضعي، ونظريتي التحليل الكمي والنوعي كمنهجية للبحث كمـا استخدم المدخل الاستنتاجي. الطرق المستخدمة: الأداة المستخدمة لجمع البيانات هي الاستبانة. وبالتالي، تم جمع (440) استبانةً قابلة للاستخدام إلكترونيًّا عبر قنوات التواصل الاجتماعي من العاملين بشركات الاتصالات في جمهورية مصر العربية. بالإضافة إلى استخدام برنامج SPSS لاستكشاف العلاقات السببية بين متغيّرات البحث. النتائج: تكشف النتائج أنّ التسويق المستدام له تأثير إيجابي على الاحتفاظ بالعميل. الاستنتاجات (التوصيات والمساهمة): بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإنّ هذا البحث له أيضًا توصيات عملية ومبادئ توجيهية كبيرة لصناعة الاتصالات، وآثار نظرية للباحثين المهتمين بمتغيرات البحث.

Farmers’ Awareness of the Negative Effects of Climate Change on Strategic Grain Crops and Adaptation Mechanisms in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in the Arab Republic of Egypt

Farmers’ Awareness of the Negative Effects of Climate Change on Strategic Grain Crops and Adaptation Mechanisms in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in the Arab Republic of Egypt

Insights into epidemiological trends of severe chest injuries: an analysis of age, period, and cohort from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Disease study 2019

BackgroundThis study assessed the global trends and burden of severe chest injury, including rib fractures, lung contusions, and heart injuries from 1990 to 2019. Herein, we predicted the burden patterns and temporal trends of severe chest injuries to provide epidemiological evidence globally and in China.MethodsIn our analysis, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), and years lived with disability rate (ASYR) of severe chest injury were analyzed by gender, age, sociodemographic index, and geographical region between 1990 and 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Trends were depicted by calculating the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). The impact of age, period, and cohort factors was assessed using an Age-Period-Cohort model. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was employed to predict severe chest injury trends from 2020 to 2050.ResultsIn 2019, the global number of severe chest injury cases reached 7.95 million, with the highest incidence rate observed in Central Europe (209.61). Afghanistan had the highest ASIRs at 277.52, while North Korea had the lowest ASIRs at 41.02. From 1990 to 2019, the Syrian Arab Republic saw significant increases in ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR, with EAPCs of 10.4%, 9.31%, and 10.3%, respectively. Burundi experienced a decrease in ASIR with an EAPC of − 6.85% (95% confidence interval [CI] − 11.11, − 2.37), while Liberia’s ASPR and ASYR declined with EAPCs of − 3.22% (95% CI − 4.73, − 1.69) and − 5.67% (95% CI − 8.00, − 3.28), respectively. Falls and road injuries remained the most common causes. The relative risk of severe chest injury by age, period, and cohort demonstrated a complex effect globally and in China. The ARIMA model forecasted a steady increase in global numbers from 2020 to 2050, while in China, it forecasted an increase in incidence, a decrease in ASIR and ASYR, and an increase in ASPR.ConclusionsThis study provides a groundbreaking analysis of global severe chest injury, shedding light on its measures and impact. These findings highlight the need for timely, specialized care and addressing regional disparities to mitigate the severe chest injury burden.

A proposed future vision for the development of special education in the Arab Republic of Egypt

A proposed future vision for the development of special education in the Arab Republic of Egypt

A New Member of BRICS — Egypt

The article analyzes the political, economic and cultural development of Egypt over several millennia. It is claimed that Egypt is an ancient civilization, the «heart» of the Arab world and a recognized regional leader. The author explores the history of various state entities that existed on the territory of modern Egypt in the era of the Ancient World, Antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern times. The emphasis is consistently placed on the rule of the pharaohs, Egypt’s presence in the Persian and especially the Greco-Roman world, the periods of the Arab conquest, Ottoman and British rule, the functioning of the independent Kingdom of Egypt and the Arab Republic of Egypt that succeeded it in 1953. The article contains a detailed overview of key events in the country’s internal life over the past 70 years, as well as Cairo’s activities in the international arena, including participation in the Arab-Israeli wars, relations with global and regional actors in the second half of the XX – early XXI centuries, the current position of the state as one of the leaders of the African continent. It is indicated that Egypt ranks first in Africa in terms of GDP, third in terms of population, has serious scientific and technical potential and advanced financial system by regional standards, actively attracts foreign investment and new technologies. In the field of foreign policy, Egypt, while maintaining relations with Western powers, is intensely cooperating with new centers of power, including Russia. The author concludes that today the Arab Republic of Egypt is a powerful regional actor that is diversifying its foreign policy and economic ties, as reflected by the country’s entry into the BRICS.

استخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات في دعم الأداء الاستراتيجي لمؤسسات القطاع الحكومي

Government institutions seek to find ways to adapt to modern changes in the work environment and keep pace with continuous developments by applying new methods and technologies. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between effective information technology and supporting strategic performance in the Transport Authority in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The study used the descriptive analytical approach, and a questionnaire was designed and applied to a study sample of 179 individuals from different administrative levels in the Authority. The study reached several results, the most important of which is the need to pay attention to information technology and improve the level of training of workers in this field to support and raise the quality of the Authority's strategic performance.

The role of Administrative Empowerment in Fostering Intellectual Capital Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic

We have to examine the role that administrative empowerment plays in fostering intellectual capital because of the organizational changes that are taking place, particularly in the food product industry. The goal of the study was to determine how administrative empowerment—which includes delegation of authority, decision-making participation, motivation, independence, teamwork, training, and learning—advanced workers' intellectual capital in the industrial organizations that operate in the Hama Governorate, namely Deluxe Company, Fadel Food Industries Company, and Al-Ahlia Oils Company. Using the questionnaire as a research instrument, the investigator employed a descriptive analytical technique that took the phenomena into account. investigated, and the data was analyzed by the researcher using SPSS25. The investigation came to the conclusion that the characteristics of In the companies under study, administrative empowerment supported intellectual capital. According to the researcher's recommendations, firms should focus on properly activating administrative empowerment by granting them authority and a suitable level of independence as well as fostering a positive organizational culture. Because of the significance of administrative empowerment in generating intellectual capital and its role in accomplishing strategic goals, he is known for his candor, trustworthiness, and information sharing.

Arab Republic of Egypt

Arab Republic of Egypt

The Role of Sports Marketing with a Focus on (ROI) in Promoting Fencing in the Arab Republic of Egypt

The Role of Sports Marketing with a Focus on (ROI) in Promoting Fencing in the Arab Republic of Egypt

The Impact of Paternalistic Leadership on Employee Job Performance: A Field Study on Commercxial Banks in the Arab Republic of Egypt

This study investigates the influence of paternalistic leadership on employee activity performance inside the business banking area in Egypt. Paternalistic management, characterized by a hierarchical shape where leaders take a shielding position while looking forward to loyalty and obedience from subordinates, is mainly relevant within the context of the Arab lifestyle, wherein familial and hierarchical values play a great position in the administrative center dynamics. Through an area that involves a pattern of personnel from numerous business banks, we employ quantitative strategies to analyze the relationship between paternalistic management styles and employee performance metrics. The findings show that paternalistic leadership undoubtedly affects activity and overall performance by fostering a supportive work environment that enhances worker motivation and process pleasure. Moreover, the examination highlights the cultural nuances that form management practices in the Arab Republic of Egypt, suggesting that a paternalistic technique aligns properly with neighborhood cultural values, leading to improved performance consequences. This study contributes to the prevailing literature on management and employee performance by supplying empirical proof from a unique cultural context. It gives realistic implications for bank managers looking to enhance worker productivity via adaptive management patterns. Ultimately, the take a look at underscores the importance of knowledge cultural effects on management effectiveness. Keywords : Paternalistic Leadership, Job Performance, Commercial Banks, Egypt

Barriers of Effective Delegation as Perceived by Employees at Telecom companies in The Arab Republic of Egypt

Barriers of Effective Delegation as Perceived by Employees at Telecom companies in The Arab Republic of Egypt

An Economic Study to Estimate Response Functions for Sugar Beet Yield in the Arab Republic of Egypt

An Economic Study to Estimate Response Functions for Sugar Beet Yield in the Arab Republic of Egypt

Inter-State Communications before UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies: Testing the Waters for Collective Communications

Abstract The awakening of inter-state communications with the first ever three cases before the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination in 2018 has inspired new avenues of research about their potential and shortfalls. This article opens a new line of exploration, considering the mechanism’s potential as an avenue for collective action at a time when many States are responding to violations of international law, even when not directly affected by those violations. Those responses have included massive third-party interventions (Ukraine v Russia), and the initiation of proceedings before the icj by States not directly injured (The Gambia v Myanmar, Canada and the Netherlands v Syrian Arab Republic, South Africa v Israel). This article argues that enabling collective inter-state communications before UN treaty bodies could strengthen the mechanism as an avenue for treaty compliance and the protection of human rights, and for amplifying sovereign voices as part of peaceful dispute settlement processes.

Gastrointestinal parasitic infections: Prevalence and risk factors in West Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in the rural community of West Ismailia and its associated risk factors. Human infection by GIP is natural and expected. There are few records concerning parasitic infection in the rural areas of the Ismailia Governorate.MethodsFrom 520 individuals, sociodemographic and risk factors information were retrieved. Fecal samples were collected, concentrated, and tested for GIP infection using a microscopic examination.ResultsThe West Ismailia study population had a 40.4% prevalence of GIP infection, including single and concomitant parasite infections. The most common cause of GIP infection was protists (38%). Entamoeba sp., Blastocystis sp., and G. duodenalis were the most common parasites. Poly-parasitism was prevalent within the West Ismailia region. Age, abdominal symptoms, perianal itching, ownership of numerous animal species, exposure to turbid water, previous parasitic infection (PPI), and non-treatment reception of PPI were all considered significant factors associated with GIP infection. Specific individuals from the same family have been observed to have identical GIP.ConclusionGIP infection remains underestimated in rural areas. Periodic screening and treatment for GIP infection in children and public education on GIP hazards and prevention, focusing on personal hygiene, are recommended. Family members of affected individuals should be screened and treated for GIP.

Kidney cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region: a 30-year analysis (1990–2019)

Kidney cancer, a type of urogenital cancer, imposes a high burden on patients. Despite this, no recent research has evaluated the burden of this type of cancer in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study explored the burden of kidney cancer from 1990 to 2019 according to age, sex and socio-demographic index (SDI). The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data was utilized to estimate the incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by kidney cancer. These estimates were reported as counts and as age-standardised rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). The estimated age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates of kidney cancer in 2019 were 3.2 (2.8–3.6), 1.4 (1.2–1.6), and 37.2 (32.0–42.6) per 100,000, respectively. Over the period from 1990 to 2019, these rates have increased by 98.0%, 48.9%, and 37.7%, respectively. In 2019, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Lebanon had the largest age-standardised incidence, mortality, and DALY rates. The smallest age-standardised incidence rates were seen in Yemen, Afghanistan, and the Syrian Arab Republic. Additionally, the smallest age-standardised mortality and DALY rates were observed in the Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen, and Morocco. The highest incidence rates were found among individuals aged 75–79 in both males and females. In 2019, the MENA/Global DALY ratio exceeded one for females aged 5–19 age and males aged 5–14, compared to 1990age groups in males. The burden of kidney cancer consistently rose with increasing SDI levels from 1990 to 2019. The increasing burden of kidney cancer highlights the urgent need for interventions aimed at improving early diagnosis and treatment in the region.

Exploring school leaders’ and parents’ attitudes toward implementing an organizational system for academic diversity and inclusion in international schools in Egypt

Egypt has recently undergone significant educational reforms, granting children with disabilities the right to inclusive education and well-being as stipulated in the Arab Republic of Egypt’s Constitution and Ministerial Degrees. This qualitative study aimed to capture the current situation of inclusion in Egypt’s educational landscape and gather insights from school leaders (n = 2) and parents (n = 4) regarding the services provided to children with intellectual disabilities (ID) in two international schools in Egypt. Through semi-structured interviews, this study aimed to assess recent changes and efforts made in education reform to support inclusive practices for ID in international schools in Egypt. The study employed ecological systems theory (EST) to incorporate the framework into the thematic analysis of qualitative data, categorizing the school leaders’ and parents’ responses into four societal layers. The results revealed several challenges facing ID in Egypt, including inclusive leadership, teachers’ qualifications, support systems, and a sense of solidarity. The findings suggest that tailored interventions should be implemented to improve the educational outcomes of children with disabilities in inclusive settings.