Arabic Newspapers Research Articles

معالجة أهداف التنمية المستدامة في الصحافة العربية

The problem of this research is: What are the sustainable development goals that received the priority in the press addressing of the newspapers under study? What are the journalistic arts adopted by these newspapers in addressing the sustainable development goals? What are the journalistic sources that Arab newspapers depended on when addressing the sustainable development goals? What are the geographic range the Arab newspapers adopted in addressing the sustainable development goals? The research is categorized into descriptive research, adopting the survey method, and using the content analysis method. The sample of research was determined by the preparation of the Arabic newspapers (Al-Sabah Iraqi newspaper, Algerian ech-chaab Newspaper, and UAE Al-Ittihad Newspaper) issued from January 1 to June 30, 2018, and extracted according to the system of regular random sample. The research tools were (Content Analysis Form). The research reached the following conclusions: The sustainable development goal: the eleventh "sustainable local cities and settlements" and the eighth goal "economic growth and decent work" and the sixteenth goal "peace, justice and institutions" won the priority of press treatment in the Arab newspapers in question. These goals occupied the first three ranks consecutively, after having an acceptable treatment ratio compared to other targets. Most of the SDGs were addressed by the report's technician and journalist, which is consistent with the data and results of previous scientific research, according to which the treatment of issues related to sustainable development is often done through news arts. The Arab newspapers in question obtained most of their information dealing with the sustainable development goals from their own sources, followed by academics and researchers, and the anonymous sources recorded a clear presence. This indicates the diversification in the sources' dependence, despite the apparent occupational deficiency of the unknown sources. Addressing the SDGs on the basis of geographical scope showed that the highest percentage of journalistic issues addressed were within the local, then international, and finally Arab domain.

Ivana DobrakovováBellevue

Sonallah Ibrahim Ice Trans. Margaret Litvin. London. Seagull Books. 2019. 303 pages. IN 2016 I CHATTED with Sonallah Ibrahim about his then-new novel, Berlin 69. I asked him: “Did your experience in East Germany and Russia (1969–74) give you a useful perspective on Nasser’s version of socialism?” He replied: “The dream was fantastic, but it remains a dream.” His new novel, Ice, translated by Margaret Litvin, takes a scalpel to the “fantastic dream” of communism through the eagle eyes of a wry Egyptian narrator who has come to study in Russia. The novel echoes some of the themes of Berlin 69: coping with paranoia and the fear of intelligence services, nostalgia for Egypt, transient relationships with foreign women, the hunt for scarce commodities, and a corrupt party elite. Unlike Berlin 69, however, the structure of Ice mimics a diary—and depends on the writer’s telegraphic but carefully honed style, which gives the reader a sense of the chilling, grim texture of daily life in Soviet Russia in the 1970s. Ibrahim lived in Moscow during a crucial period in Egypt’s history , following the 1967 defeat and Egypt’s 1973 victory over Israel. Ice is an episodic novel rather than a plot-driven one, which quietly circles around the “fantastic dream” until it has been picked clean, like a carcass. The “dream” begins to curdle soon after the narrator’s arrival to the obshchezhitie, the student dorm. The officials in charge of the dorm want to place a Russian in with the foreigners so they can report on their activities . An inordinate number of foreigners are crammed in the same dorm room. The Egyptian narrator, presumably a younger version of Ibrahim, is awed by his roommate , Hans, a handsome East German and a Don Juan who attracts women and men. A constant parade of friends and acquaintances marches through the small room, along with plenty of uninhibited foreign and Russian girls, who are generous with their bodies. The reserved narrator tires of the bacchanalia and yearns for solitude and time to write, read, listen to classical music, or work his way through the Arabic newspapers about the disturbing news from Egypt. Desperate for a little privacy, he moves out of the broom closet to an even tinier abode with a cranky old Russian lady—only to jump from the frying pan into the fire. The landlady is nosy, lonely, and demanding and comments on his love life. Shortages of goods and commodities in a state-controlled economy lead to other absurd situations and behavior. When he is getting medical treatment, the doctor clearly states that he needs a new tire for his car. On SONALLAH IBRAHIM Books in Review for giving her a shiner. For her part, Serena equates the puppy with her abuser and instinctively unleashes her fury at her canine companion, perpetuating the cycle of violence and reconciliation: When he [Niko] picked Trouble out of the litter, I thought he’d stay that same size forever, the size of an organ, sticky-soft and warm. We took Trouble home. He trembled, then ripped up the sectional Niko had bought without insurance. “Cut it out, you fucking monster!” I screamed. In my spot, in the closet of the guest room, he fell asleep in my arms, where he had puppy dreams. His paws moved like levers in a field where he was free and unleashed. By tracing these interiorities, Driving in Cars with Homeless Men invites readers to face the underbelly of human nature, our precariousness, and intermittent despair with determination, grit, and hard-won humor. Kathleen A. Kelly Austin, Texas Ivana Dobrakovová Bellevue Trans. Julia & Peter Sherwood. London. Jantar. 2019. 219 pages. IN BELLEVUE, Ivana Dobrakovová, winner of the European Prize for Literature, pulls no punches for her readers or her protagonist, nineteen-year-old Slovak student Blanka, a volunteer at an international summer camp providing care for people with mental and physical disabilities. At the center in Marseille that gives the book its title, Blanka experiences disgust at the residents’ deformed limbs and uncontrolled bodily functions—as well as disgust at her own disgust. Faced with Laurence, a woman her own age with particularly severe...

Sonallah IbrahimIce by Margaret Litvin

Sonallah Ibrahim Ice Trans. Margaret Litvin. London. Seagull Books. 2019. 303 pages. IN 2016 I CHATTED with Sonallah Ibrahim about his then-new novel, Berlin 69. I asked him: “Did your experience in East Germany and Russia (1969–74) give you a useful perspective on Nasser’s version of socialism?” He replied: “The dream was fantastic, but it remains a dream.” His new novel, Ice, translated by Margaret Litvin, takes a scalpel to the “fantastic dream” of communism through the eagle eyes of a wry Egyptian narrator who has come to study in Russia. The novel echoes some of the themes of Berlin 69: coping with paranoia and the fear of intelligence services, nostalgia for Egypt, transient relationships with foreign women, the hunt for scarce commodities, and a corrupt party elite. Unlike Berlin 69, however, the structure of Ice mimics a diary—and depends on the writer’s telegraphic but carefully honed style, which gives the reader a sense of the chilling, grim texture of daily life in Soviet Russia in the 1970s. Ibrahim lived in Moscow during a crucial period in Egypt’s history , following the 1967 defeat and Egypt’s 1973 victory over Israel. Ice is an episodic novel rather than a plot-driven one, which quietly circles around the “fantastic dream” until it has been picked clean, like a carcass. The “dream” begins to curdle soon after the narrator’s arrival to the obshchezhitie, the student dorm. The officials in charge of the dorm want to place a Russian in with the foreigners so they can report on their activities . An inordinate number of foreigners are crammed in the same dorm room. The Egyptian narrator, presumably a younger version of Ibrahim, is awed by his roommate , Hans, a handsome East German and a Don Juan who attracts women and men. A constant parade of friends and acquaintances marches through the small room, along with plenty of uninhibited foreign and Russian girls, who are generous with their bodies. The reserved narrator tires of the bacchanalia and yearns for solitude and time to write, read, listen to classical music, or work his way through the Arabic newspapers about the disturbing news from Egypt. Desperate for a little privacy, he moves out of the broom closet to an even tinier abode with a cranky old Russian lady—only to jump from the frying pan into the fire. The landlady is nosy, lonely, and demanding and comments on his love life. Shortages of goods and commodities in a state-controlled economy lead to other absurd situations and behavior. When he is getting medical treatment, the doctor clearly states that he needs a new tire for his car. On SONALLAH IBRAHIM Books in Review for giving her a shiner. For her part, Serena equates the puppy with her abuser and instinctively unleashes her fury at her canine companion, perpetuating the cycle of violence and reconciliation: When he [Niko] picked Trouble out of the litter, I thought he’d stay that same size forever, the size of an organ, sticky-soft and warm. We took Trouble home. He trembled, then ripped up the sectional Niko had bought without insurance. “Cut it out, you fucking monster!” I screamed. In my spot, in the closet of the guest room, he fell asleep in my arms, where he had puppy dreams. His paws moved like levers in a field where he was free and unleashed. By tracing these interiorities, Driving in Cars with Homeless Men invites readers to face the underbelly of human nature, our precariousness, and intermittent despair with determination, grit, and hard-won humor. Kathleen A. Kelly Austin, Texas Ivana Dobrakovová Bellevue Trans. Julia & Peter Sherwood. London. Jantar. 2019. 219 pages. IN BELLEVUE, Ivana Dobrakovová, winner of the European Prize for Literature, pulls no punches for her readers or her protagonist, nineteen-year-old Slovak student Blanka, a volunteer at an international summer camp providing care for people with mental and physical disabilities. At the center in Marseille that gives the book its title, Blanka experiences disgust at the residents’ deformed limbs and uncontrolled bodily functions—as well as disgust at her own disgust. Faced with Laurence, a woman her own age with particularly severe...

Discourse Markers in Arabic and English Newspaper Articles: The Case of the Arabic Lakin and its English equivalent But

Discourse markers, as words or phrases, play a significant role in promoting coherent segments of discourse. This paper investigates the use of discourse markers (DMs) in newspaper articles. By applying Fraser’s framework, this study aims at investigating the functions and positions of DM but (English) and its equivalent lakin (Arabic) in newspaper articles written by native and non-native speakers of English and Saudi and Egyptian speakers of Arabic. It also highlights the similarities and differences in the functions and positions of DMs but and lakin. This quantitative study adopts a corpus-based approach. The data consist of articles collected from 12 newspapers categorized as: Arabic language newspapers published in Saudi Arabia (Alriyadh, Al Jazirah, Al-Hayat) and Egypt (Al-Ahram, Al-Gomhuria, Eltahrir) and English language newspapers published in Saudi Arabia (Arab News, Saudi Gazette, Asharq Al-Awsat) and the USA (Washington Post, The New York Times, USA TODAY). Findings demonstrate, first, that DM but is used frequently as a confirmation or addition marker by both native and non-native speakers. However, second, lakin, functions as the primary correction DM in standard Arabic. Moreover, third, the native Arabic speakers mostly share the same functions of using lakin despite different dialects they have. This study also reveals that lakin can be found only in the medial position, whereas, but is found in the initial and medial position. It concludes that DMs but and lakin evidence that functions of DMs proposed by Fraser are universal and they could be generalized.

HISTORY OF THE AVAR PRESS 1917-1930:
 THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT

Like any social phenomenon, the press also has its own history and develops according to the objective laws of its development. Prior to the advent of the printing press and book printing, books were distributed through the creation of hand-written copies. At a certain stage of the development of society, there was a need for a printed word, and as a result, the first lithographs and printing presses appear. The origin and formation of the periodical press in the languages of the peoples of Dagestan is the result of the socioeconomic and political development of society. At the beginning of the 20th century, the first prerequisites for the appearance of printed materials in the languages of the peoples of Dagestan were born in Dagestan. Despite the new state system, the peoples of Dagestan still gave preference to the Arabic graphics and with the help of this letters continued to write, and it is no coincidence that the first Dagestani newspapers were published on the basis of this alphabet. The new Soviet state made every effort to create the national Dagestani press. If the Arabic periodicals of the period of the revolution and civil war in other languages of the peoples of Dagestan, in particular, in Kumyk and Lak, have been studied in part, then the publications in the Avar language however, have not been practically studied and introduced into scientific circulation. Moreover, most of them are still not identified, and there is no information on the number of such publications, let alone the content of newspaper articles.In this connection, the paper attempts, for the first time, to introduce into the scientific circulation newly discovered Arabic newspapers in the Avar language. The history of the formation and development of the periodical press in Dagestan is considered, and printed publications in the Avar language are studied through the prism of the Dagestan periodicals. The objective of the study is identification, paleographic characteristics and a general overview of the currently obtained Arabic periodicals in the Avar language.

ABUSUFYAN AKAEV’S WORKS IN ARABIC

The article examines writings of the outstanding Dagestani scholar, journalist and poet, religious figure Abu Sufyan Akayev (1872-1931) from the village Nizhnee Kazanische. As an influential representative of Jadid movement at the beginning of the twentieth century, he belonged to the renown Muslim reformers and enlighteners, such as Muhammad ʻAbduh, Rashid Rida, Ismaʻil Gaspraly, ʻAbd al-Rahman Umerov, Qayyum Nasiri, Shihad al-Din Marjani.He wrote works mostly in Kumyk, Arabic, as well as in Azerbaijani and Persian languages. His writings in Arabic are still poorly studied.Some of them appeared in all the 12 issues of the popular magazine on Shariʻa matters of the early Soviet reforms known as Bayan al-haqa᾽iq (1925-1928) whose editor-in-chief he was. He was also the author of articles appeared in some issues of the Arabic-language newspaper Jaridat Dagistan (1913-1918). Some of his letters composed in Arabic are very informative. In addition, Abu Sufyan was the author or compiler of several other publications in Arabic, including a number of booklets devoted to tajwid; multilingual (in 4, 5, 6, 7 languages) dictionaries, in which Arabic vocabulary has always been given in the first place; explanatory-etymological and political dictionaries; several bilingual (Arabic-Kumyk) books.It is noteworthy, that it was Akayev who edited with detailed comments the Arabic book of the well-known Dagestani scholar Hasan Alqadari Divan al-Majnun. Some poetic works created by him in Arabic have been preserved too.Akayev is known as a Katib (copyist) of more than 15 Arabic-language books published in Temir-Khan-Shura, Port-Petrovsk, Bakhchisarai and Simferopol. He is the author of a historical work written in Arabic about the events of the period of the 1917 Revolution and the Civil war in Dagestan.

OPPORTUNITY WITHOUT ORGANIZATION: LABOR MOBILIZATION IN EGYPT AFTER THE 25TH JANUARY REVOLUTION*

Prevailing understandings of labor protest and strikes take as their focus stable democratic settings where autonomous trade union structures are an established component of the organizational resources available to workers. We extend the analysis of labor mobilization to a radically different context: Egypt in the year of the January 25th Revolution, when workers mobilized en masse in the absence of union leadership. For this, we use a catalogue of 4,912 protest events reported in Arabic-language newspapers. Our findings point to the importance of cross-sectoral demonstration effects in contexts of political disorganization—local and national mobilization advancing both labor and nonlabor demands inspired subsequent labor protest. This speaks to the value of understanding labor protest and strikes not as delimited domains of action but as parts of a wider universe of contentious politics. In addition, state-level signals of opportunity and shifts in economic conditions are also found to pattern the incidence of labor mobilization.

Images of death and dying in ISIS media: A comparison of English and Arabic print publications

Images of death and dying in the media around the globe have a symbiotic relationship with nation states as they can bolster state control by defining who has the right to take lives in the interests of the community, by identifying enemies of the state, by demonstrating dominance over enemies, and by lending a moral posture to the state’s war efforts. Previously, the growing corpus of research on media’s display of death and about to die images has focused almost exclusively on media outlets that bolster established states on the global stage. By analyzing 1965 death and about to die images displayed in Dabiq, ISIS’s English-language magazine, and al-Naba’, the same group’s Arabic-language newspaper, this study adds an understanding of the messaging strategies deployed by groups striving to challenge, rather than reinforce, existing national boundaries. The findings suggest that while ISIS adopts some standard media practices, it also utilizes unique and audience targeted approaches regarding the frequency of image use, the identify of the corpses, the display of dead bodies, and the presentation of those responsible for the pictured dead bodies in its media campaign.

A Pragmatic Study Of Arabic Newspaper Headlines

A Pragmatic Study Of Arabic Newspaper Headlines

Oriental Neighbors: Middle East Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine by Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor

Reviewed by: Oriental Neighbors: Middle East Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine by Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor Liora R. Halperin Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor. Oriental Neighbors: Middle East Jews and Arabs in Mandatory Palestine Waltham, MA: Brandeis University Press, 2016. Xiv+ 286 pp. Cloth $95.00, paper $22.57, e-book $21.44. ISBN: 978-1512600063. The diverse Arabic-speaking Jews in the Middle East and North Africa, called Sephardim, Mizrahim, or Oriental Jews, depending on context, have often been presented as external to the Zionist project, victims of that [End Page 295] project, or as its principle internal critics. In Palestine, Oriental Jewish perceptions of European Zionists as foreign and lacking appropriate regional knowledge and themselves as locally embedded allies of Palestinian urbanites and peasants alike have at times provoked nostalgia among scholars. Abigail Jacobson and Moshe Naor, in their book Oriental Neighbors, share some of that nostalgia for figures who continually engaged with, travelled within, and wrote for broader Middle Eastern audiences as they "lived in a Levantine space and belonged to an intellectual community that encouraged a debate on the nature of past and future relations between Arabs and Jews." (4) Oriental Neighbors is not a wistful reflection, but rather an exploration of the difficulty—and ultimately the impossibility—of maintaining a strong commitment to the brotherhood of all native Middle Easterners, Bene ha-Aretz, while promoting the Zionist aims of Jewish immigration and settlement. Oriental Neighbors focuses on the British Mandate Period, defined both by Sephardi loss of prestige and influence within the Jewish community and by new communal and organizational attempts at self-definition vis-à-vis the newly configured Arab Middle East and the ascendant Zionist movement. While insisting in organizational and literary forums that they were natives who could and should constitute a bridge between Arabs and European Jews, they repeatedly rebuffed suggestions, both by Arabs and by Ashkenazi Jews, that they were outside of or resistant to the Zionist project. They asserted that Zionism could be a force for good, though they insisted that this could only occur if the project were implemented with sensitivity to and out of an affinity with its Eastern setting. Using Jewish organizational documents and the Hebrew periodical press, and occasionally Arabic sources written by non-Jewish Palestinians, Oriental Neighbors explores modes of engagement between Sephardi/Oriental Jews and Arabs, and between Oriental and European Jews, on two levels: elite and popular. The first three chapters offer a history of circles of Sephardi Jews who created organizational, institutional, and journalistic structures to communicate their affinities to the East both to Ashkenazi audiences and to Arabs. As they articulated their stances in a variety of forums, they reiterated their belief that "they could be both loyal Zionists and mediators between Jews and Arabs." (23) The Jewish Agency's Arab Bureau and the Arab Department of the Histadrut employed Oriental Jews as leaders and mediators to strengthen ties to Arab activists, undertake diplomatic contacts, and encourage Arabic study. Zionist Arabic newspapers like Al-Akhbar, Al-Salam, Ittihad al-'Umal, and Haqiqat al-Amr not only promoted Zionism but sought to mediate between Jews and Arabs and connect the Jews of Palestine to the broader Middle East. Pushing back against scholars who have emphasized the Zionist goals of these papers, they emphasize the writers' engagement with the regional Arab press and claim that the Sephardi writers "used newspapers as much more than a propaganda tool." These papers sat alongside efforts to promote Arabic study, write textbooks, and arrange for teacher visits to the Middle East as expressions of an "Arab-Jewish cultural hybrid identity." (89) [End Page 296] The later chapters shift to the popular level with a cultural history of life in the Jewish-Arab mixed "frontier neighborhoods" or "Oriental Ghettos" in Tel Aviv–Jaffa, Jerusalem, and Haifa. These spaces were characterized by coexistence and cooperation, but also the sort of conflict borne of proximity. As Jews and Arabs played at the same playgrounds, shopped in the same markets, and employed one another, they defied broader trends in the Yishuv toward Jewish–Arab separation. This chapter is a fascinating work of cultural and working-class history, but unfortunately...

Qatar’s humanitarian aid to Palestine

The purpose of this paper is to document Qatar’s recent contribution of humanitarian aid to the Palestinians. We consider Qatar as an example of a mini state that relies on its wealth and soft power to further its interests in the Middle East and support a beleaguered Arab-Muslim state. The paper carries out analysis of Arabic newspapers and other documentary evidence to contextualise and estimate Qatar’s financial contribution 2010–2016. Contextualising Qatar’s aid necessitates considering Israel’s military control of the Palestinian Territories, and its ability through hard power to regulate the inflow of aid to Palestine. The paper concludes by calling for adopting the political economy perspective in dealing with humanitarian aid.

Emanuel Beska, From Ambivalence to Hostility: The Arabic Newspaper Filastin and Zionism 1911–1914

Emanuel Beska, <i>From Ambivalence to Hostility: The Arabic Newspaper Filastin and Zionism 1911–1914</i>

Pediatric falls from windows and balconies: incidents and risk factors as reported by newspapers in the United Arab Emirates

BackgroundFalls of children from heights (balconies and windows) usually result in severe injuries and death. Details on child falls from heights in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are not easily accessible. Our aim was to assess the incidents, personal, and environmental risk factors for pediatric falls from windows/balconies using newspaper clippings.MethodsWe used a retrospective study design to electronically assess all major UAE national Arabic and English newspapers for reports of unintentional child falls from windows and balconies during 2005–2016. A structured data collection form was developed to collect information. Data were entered into an Excel sheet and descriptive analysis was performed.ResultsNewspaper clippings documented 96 fall incidents. After cleaning the data and excluding duplicate cases and intentional injuries, 81 cases were included into the final analysis. Fifty-three percent (n = 42) were boys. The mean (range) age was 4.9 years (1–15). Thirty-eight (47%) children fell from windows and 36 (44%) from balconies. Twenty-two (27%) children climbed on the furniture placed on a balcony or close to a window. Twenty-five (31%) children were not alone in the apartment when they fell. Twenty-nine children fell from less than 5 floors (37%), 33 from 5 to 10 floors (42%) and 16 from more than 10 floors (21%). Fifteen children (19%) were hospitalized and survived the fall incident, while 66 died (81%).ConclusionsNewspapers proved to be useful to study pediatric falls from heights. It is necessary to improve window safety by installing window guards and raising awareness.

A Translation of Abdel-Muneim Ramadan’s “Walt Whitman’s Funeral,” and Some Notes on Whitman in the Arab World

We present here a translation into English of Egyptian poet AbdelMuneim Ramadan's (b. 1951) Whitman's Funeral Janâzat Walt Witman], a remarkable 2012 poem that underscores the complex role that Whitman has played in the Arab world. As an aid to understanding the poem, we first offer a brief history of the Whitman-Arab relationship.The Mahjar, or emigrant poets, were a small group of Lebanese and Syrian writers in the United States, affiliated with the New Yorkbased Arabic-language newspaper Al-Hudâ. The group flourished in the 1920s. They did not have a project in common except to break with the patterns of traditional Arabic poetry. Mahjar in Arabic does not name a particular common project: it simply means the diaspora of Arabs around the world. The poets were scattered: Khalil (Kahlil) Gibran (1883-1931) lived in Boston, Ameen Rihani (18761940) primarily in New York, and Mikhail Naimy (1889 -1988) in Walla Walla, Washington, but also New York, as well as, during the first World War, France (where he served in the American army). They had one thing in common: they absorbed American poetry, and their distance from a strict critical establishment (back home in Syria and Lebanon) gave them freedom to experiment. Whitman's name comes up often in their critical writings, and they seem to have agreed that it was Whitman's influence that allowed them to redefine Arabic poetry.Rihani, writing in the preface to his 1923 collection Hutâf al-Awdiya [Hymns of the Valleys], makes Whitman's innovations a pivotal point in literary history:Milton and Shakespeare liberated English Poetry from the bonds of rhyme; and the American Walt Whitman it from prosodic bonds such as the conventional rhythms and customary meter. But this verse has a new and particular rhythm, and a poem composed in it may follow numerous and varied metres.1He emphasizes the force of the break:This type of new poetry is called vers libres in French and verse in English, that is, or more properly, verse (in Arabic al-shi'r al- Ķurr wa almutlaq)2Free versus freed verse: Mounah Khouri's translation of Rihani's essay (al-h/urr as free and al-mutlaq as freed) captures something latent in the Arabic. Al-hfurr is free in the political sense. Al- mutlaq is perhaps freer: Hans Wehr's dictionary offers unlimited, unrestricted, absolute.3 Similarly, in English free, a simple adjective, is a static state; freed, a passive participle, is a state that results from an act of will. The translation takes that break with tradition a step further in intensity.Later in the same essay Rihani translates Whitman's To Him That Was Crucified (Ilâ al-masfub). Rihani was a Christian, but the effect of the poem is not sectarian. The vision of a utopian devotional community (We walk silent among disputes and assertions, but reject not the disputers nor any thing that is asserted) may matter more than the Christ-figure of the title.Naimy, in a 1949 article, Whitman: Father of Free Verse, recapitulates the same argument in more specific terms-clearly directed towards the conservative Arabic critical tradition:The United States today leads the way in the world of industry, politics, war, and economics. It has not until recently, however, distinguished itself in any branch of art, literature, or philosophy, except in the free-verse movement. It was the American poet, Walt Whitman, who first advocated for this poetic genre and the first who practiced it with the might of a genius, the sincerity of a believer, and the enthusiasm of one who bears a new message. I have searched for a suitable Arabic word to describe this sort of baffling eloquence, that is something between poetry and prose, and I could not find a better word than al-munsarihfMunsarih is the name of a specific Arabic meter, one of many. Naimy's point is that it is used only infrequently:I do not mean that this word has anything to do with the Arabic poetic meter (al- munsarih) with the same name. …

Newspaper Coverage of Alzheimer's Disease: Comparing Online Newspapers in Hebrew and Arabic across Time.

The aim of the present study was to examine the objective characteristics and the portrayal of Alzheimer's disease and of persons with Alzheimer's disease in Hebrew and Arabic online newspapers across time. The sample included 180 articles published in seven national online newspapers between 2010-2011 and 2014-2015 and dealing specifically with the topic. The majority of the articles in both periods and languages were published in the Health section of the newspapers, had a neutral tone, and experts or researchers as the main sources of information. Stigmatizing elements were infrequent. While small differences were found across time, significant differences were found between Hebrew and Arabic online newspapers, with Arabic newspapers concentrating more on objective, health-related and expert-based information. As the use of online newspapers increases, policy makers should consider the use of this media as a viable way for improving knowledge and awareness about AD and dementia.

Opportunity without Organization: Labour Mobilization in Egypt after the 25th January Revolution

Prevailing understandings of labour protest and strikes take as their focus stable democratic settings where autonomous trade union structures are an established component of the organizational resources available to workers. We extend the analysis of labour mobilization to a radically different context: Egypt in the year of the 25th January Revolution, when workers mobilized en masse in the absence of union leadership. For this, we use a catalogue of 4,912 protest events reported in Arabic-language newspapers. Our findings point to evidence of cross-sectoral demonstration effects in contexts of political disorganization — local and national mobilization advancing both labour and non-labour demands is associated with subsequent labour protest. This speaks to the value of understanding labour protest and strikes not as delimited domains of action but as parts of a wider universe of contentious politics. In addition, state-level signals of opportunity and shifts in economic conditions are also found to pattern the incidence of labour mobilization.

Discursive patterns of anti-feminism and pro-feminism in Arabic newspapers of the KACST corpus

This article presents the results of an analysis of the large-scale processed texts of Arabic newspapers in the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology ( KACST) Arabic Corpus Project. I adopted methods modified from the Biber Connor Upton Approach to retrieve the expanded concordances of the lexical units almarᵓ a (woman) and alnisāᵓ (women) from the corpus. The extracted text reveals the discursive patterns regarding a number of topics which are discussed in Arabic newspapers, namely, socio-culture (social practices) and eco-politics. The results of the study show how and why topics related to Arab women are discursively constructed, revealing negative patterns with regard to the topics discrimination, the veil, sports, male guardianship, driving, pro-divorce settlements and municipal elections, and positive patterns concerning the topics marital status, violence, education, travel, sexual harassment, the removal of male guardianship, employment, ministerial election and political participation. The specific case of the topic (un) veil is subsequently analysed in more detail and the results reveal that the topic is associated with negative patterns within a wider socio-cultural discourse.

Grammatical construction of function words between old and modern written Arabic: A corpus-based analysis

AbstractThis paper argues that Arabic function words (FWs) vary in usage between old and modern Arabic, thus prompting an experimental investigation into their changeability. This investigation is carried out by testing classical Arabic (CA) in Arabic heritage language (AHL) texts – those labeled as archistratum – and the modern standard Arabic (MSA) of Arabic newspaper texts (ANT), each group of which contains randomly collected 5 million (M) word texts. The linguistic theory of the grammar of Arabic FWs is explained through the differences between CA and MSA, despite Arabic FW changes and the unlearnability and/or unusability of some FW constructions between in these two eras of Arabic usage. The dispersion/distribution of the construction grammar (CxG) of FWs and the number (n) of word attractions/repulsions between the two distinct eras is explored using the very latest and most sophisticated Arabic corpus processing tools, and Sketch Engine’sSkeEn gramrelsoperators. The analysis of a 5 M word corpus from each era of Arabic serves to prove the non-existence of rigorous Arabic CxG. The approach in this study adopts a technique which, by contrasting AHL with ANT, relies on analyzing the frequency distributions of FWs, the co-occurrences of FWs in a span of 2n-grams collocational patterning, and some cases of FW usage changes in terms of lexical cognition (FW grammatical relationships). The results show that the frequencies of FWs, in addition to the case studies, are not the same, and this implies that FWs and their associations with the main part of speech class in a fusion language like Arabic have grammatically changed in MSA. Their constructional changes are neglected in Arabic grammar.

1911: the birth of the Mizrahi–Ashkenazi controversy

ABSTRACTThe question was simple: should the Hebraist Zionist movement in Ottoman Palestine invest in publishing a newspaper in Arabic and, if yes, should it be communitarian Jewish or general in its topics? What began as yet another obscure intra-Zionist deliberation gradually crystallized into what I argue merits the label of the earliest, explicitly Ashkenazi–Mizrahi ethnic controversy. This is with the smallest risk of the superimposition in hindsight of the terms and signifiers usually associated with Israel’s post-1971/Black-Panthers era onto the Ottoman period. Lasting between 1909 and 1913, the spirited exchange regarding the Arabic newspaper involved two dozen writers, mainly of the Sephardi–Mizrahi Haherut newspaper, and about one third of ethnic Ashkenazim writing elsewhere. It was nonetheless October 1911 that encapsulated the peak of the controversy, mainly due to writing by Mizrahi intellectual and activist Dr Shimon Moyal (1866–1915) and Ashkenazi intellectual and activist Dr Avraham Ludvipol (1865–1921). My decision to let primary texts speak for themselves at greater length than is customary results from my conviction that – in this case – extensive recourse to source material can convey best to twenty-first-century readers why the exchange is effectively “the mother” of all ensuing Mizrahi–Ashkenazi ethnic controversies. While clear definition for what constitutes such a controversy is provided, I close by offering a sample of views about the Arabic newspaper by four prominent Ashkenazi Zionists.

The History and Evolution of Independence Movements in Tunisia

After the establishment of French protectorate in 1881, the role played by the domestic nationalist movements that emerged in Tunisia during the early twentieth century is fundamentally important for any analysis of the long chain of events that ultimately led to the decolonization of the country. The first Tunisian nationalist movement was that of the Jeunes Tunisiens (Young Tunisians) in 1907, which was fronted by two charismatic leaders: al-Bašīr Ṣafar and ʿAlī Bāš Ḥānbah. Al-Bašīr Ṣafar, the undisputed heart and soul of the movement, was among the founders of the Ḫaldūniyyah, a journalist for Le Tunisien, and, after 1908, the governor of Sousse. ʿAlī Bāš Ḥānbah as an administrator at the Collège Sadiki and co-founder of Le Tunisien. After the Great War, another movement emerged demanding the creation of a parliamentary assembly made up of both French and native citizens: the Parti Libéral Constitutionnel, or Dustūr, led by ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Taʿālbī, which founded the Arabic-language newspaper “Sabīl al-Rašād”. Initially underestimated by the French authorities, Dustūr would go on become a legitimate nationalist movement. In 1934, at the Congress of Ksar Hellal, the party line imposed by Dustūr frustrated and disappointed many young nationalist militants, who split away from the group and founded a movement of their own that would go on to become the primary champion of the independence struggle: Néo-Dustūr. Among these young militants were Ḥabīb Būrqībah, the leader of the new party, which radically transformed itself with a cross-class platform capable of winning the allegiance of the Tunisian masses in the fight for greater independence. As we shall see, the origins of decolonization in Tunisia indisputably lay in the creation and evolution of these nationalist groups, which built upon and succeeded one another during the first four decades of the twentieth century.