Arab Culture Research Articles

Gendered Social-interactional Contexts in Educational Institutions in Iraq

Social variables have a tremendous impact on the language spoken by the male and female genders, particularly in Eastern cultures. Because men and women in Arabic cultures are typically raised separately, they speak somewhat differently depending on their gender. Arabic is used exclusively in educational institutions in the Arab world. The objective of the present study was to examine certain social and linguistic aspects of the language spoken by females and males in mixed academic organisations from ‎the point of view of female academics. It also ‎examined some noted gender differences in previous gender studies of the interactional styles of the ‎two genders in higher education institutions in Iraq from the perspective of female ‎‎academics, as well as the results of Holmes and Stubbe’s (2003) work. Seventy female lecturers from a variety of disciplines at the University of Baghdad participated in the present research. The data analysis was quantitative in nature. The findings are discussed following a statistical analysis of the collected data using SPSS software. The researchers have reached a number of conclusions, including that female academics should be extremely careful in their choice of vocabulary when speaking to male colleagues because their vocabulary indicates their social status, which was rated as being very high. The female academics were found to use more polite words and compound sentences than did the male academics with regard to the topics of discussion and institutional interactions; none of the female academics disagreed with this point.

The role of Cultural Distance in the Adaptation of Arab Students to the Educational Environment of Russian Universities

In the 21st century, many universities seek to internationalize their educational activities. The number of foreign students is one of the indicators of the university’s success in the market of global educational services. The success of education, in its turn, depends on the students’ socio-cultural adaptation in the host country. In this study, we used cultural distance as a predictor of socio-cultural adaptation for students from Arab countries. When cultural distance is high, immigrants find it more difficult to adapt to the new environment. We conducted a socio-psychological survey among first-, second-, and third-year students from Morocco, Syria, and Egypt receiving education at the universities of Perm, Moscow, Astrakhan, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, and St. Petersburg. Our study showed that cultural distance affects socio-cultural adaptation. It was the differences between Russian and Arab cultures in values, traditions, and appearance that affected the adaptation of Arab students in the Russian cultural environment. Our results can contribute to further research into the predictors of adaptation for foreign students. They can also be used to develop adaptation programs for Arab students studying not only in Russian universities, but worldwide.

Buṭrus al-Bustānī: Between Secularism and Christianity

Abstract The vast majority of studies on Buṭrus al-Bustānī (1819–83), a leading intellectual of the Arab Nahḍa, have focused on his intellectual “transitions” from the Maronite church to Protestantism and then to various secular pursuits, such as fostering a Syrian national identity, the separation of religion and politics, and supporting a political culture based on equal rights and religious ecumenism. The present article contends that the extant literature confers undue precedence to the secular over the religious in Bustānī’s intellectual biography. A balanced portrayal requires giving due weight to his engagement with religious matters, such as: a defense of Protestantism as the sole true faith; the divine character, textual integrity, and veracity of the Bible; and the rejection of Darwinism’s contradiction of aspects of his faith. The study also elucidates his explicit prejudices against Catholicism and Islam that were concomitant with his defense of freedom of conscience and support for revival of classical Arabic culture. The study shows that Bustānī strove to balance his loyalties to multiple intellectual orientations, creating tension within his own thought.

“EPISTEMICIDE” AND “MEMORICIDE”, LEGALIZED DESTRUCTION IN THE ARAB/MUSLIM WORLD

This article is a contribution to Postcolonial Trauma Studies. It aims to examine the ways in which Arab cultures bear the lasting aftereffects of the loss of al-Andalus that took place in 1492. Its focus is especially on the ramifications of such a key juncture in history that has enduringly contributed to the legitimation of the destruction of the Arab/Muslim cultures’ heritage. Western-centric knowledge came to license violence based on the demonization of the Other’s ways of knowing. Based on a postcolonial rethinking of trauma, the Arab cultures bear witness to the existence of the same discursive frameworks that made the destruction of the cultural heritage of al-Andalus possible.

Paradigma Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab (Analisis Kontrastif Metode Pembelajaran Konvensional dan Kontemporer)

This study uses the interpretivism paradigm to analyze the contrast between conventional and contemporary teaching methods in learning the Arabic language. The conventional teaching method emphasizes mastery of grammar and vocabulary through structured methods, while the contemporary method prioritizes communication and understanding of Arab culture. A literature review was conducted to understand the perspectives of experts in Arabic language learning and shows that contemporary teaching methods are more suitable for Arabic language teaching because it emphasizes communication skills and understanding of Arab culture. However, some studies show that conventional teaching methods are still crucial in strengthening the structured mastery of grammar and vocabulary. This article recommends using contemporary teaching methods in Arabic language learning by paying attention to the structured mastery of grammar and vocabulary and developing appropriate learning strategies based on students' needs and contextual factors.

Bioinformatics and network pharmacology-based study to elucidate the multi-target pharmacological mechanism of the indigenous plants of Medina valley in treating HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma

The incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Saudi Arabia is not surprising given the relatively high prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.Hepatitis C is also common in Saudi Arabia with a prevalence rate of 1% to 3% of the population,which further increases the risk of HCC. The incidence of HCC has been increasing in recent years, with HCV-related HCC accounting for a significant proportion of cases. Traditional medicine has long been a part of Saudi Arabian culture, and many medicinal plants have been used for centuries to treat various ailments, including cancer. Following that, this study combines network pharmacology with bioinformatics approaches to potentially revolutionize HCV-related HCC treatment by identifying effective phytochemicals of indigenous plants of Medina valley. Eight indigenous plants including Rumex vesicarius, Withania somnifera, Rhazya stricta, Heliotropium arbainense, Asphodelus fistulosus, Pulicaria incise, Commicarpus grandiflorus, and Senna alexandrina, were selected for the initial screening of potential drug-like compounds. At first, the information related to active compounds of eight indigenous plants was retrieved from public databases and through literature review which was later combined with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained through microarray datasets. Later, a compound-target genes-disease network was constructed which uncovered that kaempferol, rhazimol, beta-sitosterol, 12-Hydroxy-3-keto-bisnor-4-cholenic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 24-Methyldesmosterol, stigmasterone, fucosterol, and withanolide_J decisively contributed to the cell growth and proliferation by affecting ALB and PTGS2 proteins. Moreover, the molecular docking and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation of 20 ns well complemented the binding affinity of the compound and revealed strong stability of predicted compounds at the docked site. But the findings were not validated in actual patients, so further investigation is needed to confirm the potential use of selected medicinal plants towards HCV-related HC.

Black Muslims and the Angels of Afrofuturism

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size AcknowledgmentsHeartfelt thanks to Abbas Rattani, Shimul Chowdhury, and Yusuf Siddiquee,organizers of the AlHamdu/Muslim Futurism project where this work was first presented. Heartfeltthanks to the Doris Duke Foundation for Islamic Art's Building Bridges initiative for supporting this work. And heartfelt thanks to the Sun Ra estate, Ihnfinity corporation, and Amina Baraka—as well as Camae Ayewa, Chelle Barbour, Antoinette Jackson, Jenn Nkiru, Tariq Touré, and Vanessa Taylor—for permissions, encouragement, inspiration, grace, and future consciousness.Additional informationNotes on contributorsEllen McLarneyEllen McLarney is Director of the Duke Islamic Studies Center and Associate Professor of Arabic Culture working on two interrelated projects: one on “Black Muslims and Racial Justice in the American South” and another a Doris Duke Foundation’s Building Bridges initiative featuring Muslim American poets and musicians of African descent. The aim is engaging in reckoning, consciousness raising, and reconciliation through the arts while raising awareness about anti-Black and anti-Muslim bias in the North Atlantic.Solayman IdrisSolayman Idris’s Times of the Signs trilogy applies metaphysical principles, strategic planning and grand design to African American global futures. Idris’s New World Mahdist Literatures politicize weapons of spiritual war and call for establishment the newest continental African Nation State, “Orun,” as reparations for American Descendants of Slaves. A literary Ark of the Covenant Sunrise in the West, StarLogic, and Dusk Orientalis tell us how we got here and guide Us to where We’re going …

Prerequisites for the Formation of Arabic Medieval Scientific Terminology in the Works of Arabic Scientists as a Special Transition to Scientific Knowledge

Jabir ibn Hayyan, is one of the greatest figures in Arab culture and in applied chemistry. He contributed to the formation of chemical terminology in the Middle Ages, the vast majority of which still continues to function in modern chemistry and medicine. The article discusses the significant contribution of the Arab thinker in the formation of the Arabic medieval scientific chemical discourse at the first stages of its formation, which was revealed on the basis of Aristotle's methodological principles, the language of alchemy, translation from ancient Greek and Egyptian texts into Arabic. This led to the synthesis of ancient scientific concepts and the emergence of Arabic scientific terms denoting specific concepts of chemistry and the emergence of the first classification of substances and medicines. Continuous experimental studies of substances led to the emergence of new names of previously unknown substances, such as alkali, nitric acid, etc. In this paper, the achievements of Arab medieval scientists in applied chemistry were characterized and the main chemical vocabulary used in the description of various substances was analyzed. On the basis of the collected material, attempts were made for the first time to generalize the achievements of the Arab chemist using modern methods of studying terms and concepts. The attention is drawn to the inner side of the Arabic scientific term, which constitutes its conceptual base and the definition of which largely depends on the regulation of linguistic activity in the sphere of alchemy.

The Islamic Basis of Social Work in the Modern World

Historically, social work existed in communities for charity and philanthropic purposes. There is a congruence in the quality of social work in all cultures. More recently, scholars and practitioners have explored questions of diversity that question universal constructions of social work and social work ethics. Up until now, there is no conclusive evidence that the theoretical frameworks of social work vary in different societies or among religious groups. Some authors write about social work and Islam. Some writers have illustrated that social work values and principles differ with various cultures or religions. Broadly, social work values and principles are global. There is no conflict between social work and Islam or Arabic cultures. The article goes beyond the cultural considerations of social work practice. It tries to investigate the reasons behind writing social work from an Islamic point of view. The author will focus on ethics and values, analyzing perspectives from the social work literature. The conclusion formed at the end of the article is that, despite what some may view as antagonism, there is ultimately no conflict between the values of social work and the values of Islam. Keywords: Service, social justice, dignity and worth of the person, importance of human relationships, integrity, competence

عربوں میں طلاق کی روایت اور شریعت اسلامیہ: ایک تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The constant practices of generations give rise to a unique culture for each region, nation, and tribe. These cultural differences can be attributed to varying factors such as food, weather, and habits. This article examines the Arab culture prior to Islam and its perspective on divorce. Important topics discussed in the article include the definition and methods of divorce, women's right to divorce, divorce statistics, reasons for divorce, Rajjo and Eddat, regulations regarding previous pregnancy, and rules regarding family expenses and residence. By comparing Arab traditions under Islamic law, the article aims to demonstrate that not all traditions were rejected, but rather unacceptable practices were eliminated, acceptable practices were retained, and those that required improvement were reformed to become part of the religion. This methodological approach is critical in addressing cultural issues.

Child naming and the need for cultural decolonization initiatives Among the Hausa in Northern Nigeria

This paper revisits the naming practices among cultures and peoples across Northern Nigeria, especially the Hausa, in relation to the question of cultural coloniality and the need for decolonial initiatives that can reposition value systems being buried by colonial power relations. Naming, prior to the Arab presence or Arab colonization in the region, was a space that foregrounds the history, spatial and temporal identities of the person bearing the name. It also occasioned people’s expectations and hopes on the child who was given the name. There was no arbitrariness in this knowledge-based system of naming. However, with the advent of Islam and its attendant Arab culture from the 7th to the eleventh and twelfth century, people’s cultural practices, especially in the naming spaces, became increasingly hybridized to contain Arabic influences. Arabic names have now dominated the naming spaces throughout the region, especially among the Hausa-Muslim families. The increasing influence of Western culture does not alter this practice. It intensifies the urge to identify and sound Arab, to Arabize by going beyond the names of pious figures found in Islam. Naming today in the region is informed by the fancies of Arab sounding names that are often unconnected to people’s realities, identities, and personal and collective histories. These names are typical among educated middle class. They range from names of animals to places and objects. This paper digs out the meanings of names given to people before the arrival of Arabic culture in Northern Nigeria as part of indigenous epistemologies that are becoming unpopular because of the pejorative notions associated with them today as animist practices. It also portrays some popular Arabic names and their meanings that are prioritized today. It foregrounds the conceptualization of identities in the Hausa language, the lingua-franca of the greater part of Northern Nigeria.

(Reading) Originality of the Concept in Arab Culture - an Anthropological Linguistic Study -


 
 
 
 This study seeks to confirm the originality of the concept of reading, its longevity, continuity and semantic richness in Arab culture, because the concept of reading is one of the most widespread concepts in our contemporary world as this concept is characterized by its richness, openness and complexity, so it was embraced by many scientific fields in its conceptual system as well as their use in extensive metaphorical connotations, in order to understand them, require a grasp of the roots and contexts of their use.
 
 
 
 
 The study stands on the root of the concept of reading in the Arabic lexicon and a brief pause through which it shows its positional load and how its sensory significance tops the load of the lexical material, followed by other semantics belonging to sensory areas lighter than it until it gets complicated little by little while it is on its way to abstraction .Then the study stops at the concept of reading in contemporary literature and trying to find a common content between the predicates of the lexical material and between what the idiomatic concept pulses in the contemporary world, in order to explain the semantic absorptive content of the subject matter which softens the complexity of what the terminological concept has ended in contemporary literature on its openness and bifurcation and complexity

Validation of the pathological narcissistic inventory (PNI) and its brief form (B-PNI) in the Arabic language

BackgroundThe Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) is a multidimensional measure developed to assess narcissistic grandiosity and narcissistic vulnerability. We aimed to validate the Arabic version of the original Pathological Narcissistic Inventory (PNI) and its brief form (B-PNI) in a community sample of Lebanese adults.MethodsThe English language PNI items were translated into Arabic following a rigorous translation, back-translation, and linguistic evaluation. A total of 401 participants were administered the translated PNI, as well as previously validated Arabic versions of the Big Five Inventory-2, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Impulsivity-8 Scale.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory analyses supported the existence of seven first-order and two second-order factors of the PNI and B-PNI. Except for exploitativeness where females scored lower than males, no other significant differences by gender were observed for the remaining PNI subscale scores. Additionally, scores on all the subscales exhibited good reliability, while the associations with external measures supported the concurrent validity of the translated instrument.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that scores on the PNI and B-PNI are highly reliable with satisfactory concurrent and factorial validity, providing an assessment of broadly defined pathological narcissism among the Lebanese young adult population. The availability of the Arabic PNI and its brief form should facilitate improved understanding of pathological narcissism in Arabic cultures and the different factors that govern narcissistic personality pathology.

Blindness as a Physical Disability and Humorous Literature Shaped Around Blinds in Classical Arabic Culture

Klasik Arap edebiyatında görme kusurlarına ilişkin aktarımlar içerisinde en yoğun malzemeyi âmâ figürü ve körlük teması etrafında kurgulanan rivayetler oluşturur. Bu rivayetlerin muhteva ve yapısına bakıldığında bir kısmının mizahi bir formda kaydedildiği, bazısının üretiminde ise hiciv, teşbih, mesel, ironi, tahkir vb. kullanılarak mizahi bir yaklaşım sergilenmediği görülür. Her dönem ve toplumda olduğu gibi kadim dönem Arap toplumunda da savaş, kavga, bakımsızlık, genetik rahatsızlıklar vb. sebeplerle hiç de azımsanmayacak bir sayıya ulaşan âmâ figürü, hem nazım hem nesir ürünlerinde sık sık edebiyat ve mizaha konu olmuş, yaratıcı şair ve nesir yazarları sayesinde komik hikâyelerin oluşmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu makale çalışmasında, son derece insani bir durumun -körlük engelinin- bilhassa anekdotik yönü üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmanın giriş kısmında Arap dilinde “kör” anlamına gelen kavramlar zikredildikten sonra konuyla ilgili literatür tanıtımı yapılmış, ardından klasik kaynaklarda âmâlara dair kayda geçen rivayetler aktarılarak bunların ışığında Müslüman toplumlarda yaşayan körlerin durumlarına ilişkin tespitlere yer verilmiştir.

THE IMPACT OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY ON JEWISH PHILOSOPHY MUSA BIN MAIMON (MODEL)

Arab culture influenced Jewish intellectual life in all its aspects. It affected Hebrew literature, Arabic grammar, modern Hebrew poetry and modern Hebrew prose, but the most influential was in the field of Jewish philosophical thought. Islamic Spain was influenced by various philosophical and religious fields, and Islamic thought began to be evident in Jewish philosophical thought. A number of thinkers appeared in Spain, among them: Ibn Asra, Ibn Arabi, and Ibn Rushd, and they were credited with mixing philosophy with religion. The works of Ibn Rushd and Maimonides are the ideal picture of the so-called Arab-Hebrew thought. In the eleventh century, Jewish philosophy entered a new phase influenced by Islamic philosophical literature and Islamic ideas. Maimonides is considered one of the most important Jewish thinkers. He was famous in medicine, philosophy and astronomy and was influenced by Islamic civilization and Islamic thought. Maimonides composed many books in Arabic but wrote them in Hebrew letters. Search objective: Show the impact of Arab culture on the Hebrew culture in the era of Andalusia or in the Middle Ages. Research Structure An introduction that talks about Arab culture in general, the body of the research: The impact of Arab culture on Jewish culture, the conclusion of the research..

"I was bullied for being fat in every situation, in every outfit, at every celebration": A qualitative exploratory study on experiences of weight-based oppression in Qatar.

Weight-based oppression (WBO) has been documented as a widespread phenomenon in Western countries and is associated with a range of psychological, physiological, and behavioral harms. Research on weight-based oppression is largely absent from the Arab region. We conducted a qualitative exploratory study using semi-structured in-depth interviews to examine the internalized attitudes, values, and beliefs related to body weight, and experiences of external weight-based oppression of 29 staff, faculty, and students at Qatar University. Thematic analysis revealed six major themes on the characteristics of internalized WBO, and the nature, timing, source, extent, and impact of external WBO. WBO was regarded as so common in the Arab culture as to be normative, with damaging exposure to WBO beginning in early childhood. WBO in the Arab region is an important and unrecognized public health issue. Programs to reduce WBO should be developed in all sectors.

Peradaban Islam Era Nabi Muhammad S.A.W.

This article seeks to discuss Islamic ideas and civilisation during the time of the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W., as well as the function and strategic importance of the Mosque, Baitul Mal, and Fathul Makkah. The problem focuses on the development of Islamic thinking and civilisation during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, as well as the role and strategic position of the Mosque, Baitul Mal, and Fathul Makkah. In order to approach this problem, theoretical references from a variety of subject-relevant specialists located in books and journals are used. Literature is used to collect and interpret qualitative data. This study indicates that Islamic thinking and civilization in the classical period attempted to spread Islamic treatises as a new way of life over the Arabian Peninsula by describing the dynamics of Muslim society. In the Pre-Islamic Arab culture, also known as the Jahiliyah Era (ignorance), there was a lack of religious, social, and political understanding, as well as awareness of Allah SWT. As for the growth of Islamic civilisation in the time of the Prophet Muhammad, such as through mosques, Baitul mal, and at the time of the fathu Makkah event, examples include mosques, Baitul mal, and the fathu Makkah event. In its early days, this mosque served as an Islamic educational institution, therefore it arranged studies in the form of talks, lectures, and learning models, each of which had its own form or format according to the level of Muslim community development at the time. Prophet Muhammad SAW also initiated the construction of Baitul Mal, which served as a muassasah (institution), managed governmental expenditures and income, and served as a repository for Muslim assets. As for the Fathu Makkah incident serves as a reminder to Muslims and everyone else that human values must always take precedence, regardless of the circumstances.

Motherese in Omani Arabic

Motherese, alternatively known as parentese, infant directed speech, or baby talk, is the spontaneous emotive manner in which mothers converse with their newborns and young children to establish mother-child communication. The occurrence of motherese in mother-child communication is attested cross-linguistically with variant extent and frequency in languages and cultures of the globe. Due to its distinct linguistic features that tease it out from adult directed speech, it is believed to have a positive role in facilitating and accelerating children’s acquisition of their mother tongue. Prominent linguistic features that characterize motherese are often the use of simplified constructions, specific lexical items intentionally meant for children, higher pitch, slower tempo, and prolonged pronunciation, among several other ones. The role these features play in enhancing children’s exposure to and comprehension of their mother tongue as well as the establishment of a compassionate mother-child relationship stand as the driving force behind its use by mothers from different walks of life cross-culturally. The Arab culture is not an exception to this tendency since motherese is attested in several varieties of Arabic. Omani Arabic as one member of these varieties does have motherese in its daily use; yet, it is not brought to light. In an attempt to sightsee such untraversed area and bring it to light, this paper is, thus, a humble endeavor to investigate the practice of using motherese among Omani mothers and children to establish mother-child communication. Results show that several features characterize Omani Arabic motherese, those that may conform to or differ from features that characterize baby talk in other languages and cultures.

ADAPTATION IN TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF TRANSFERRING SOME FRENCH PROVERBS INTO ARABIC

The world in which we live is characterized by the multiplicity of languages and cultures, and these various peoples are bound to cohabitation and exchange in all areas of life, especially in light of globalization where the world has become a global village. Hence, translation comes to represent an honest and close bridge to link and consolidate relations between peoples and enhance understanding between each other. Hence the title of this research which reads: Adaptation in translation: a case study of transferring some French proverbs into Arabic. The importance of this research lies in the fact that the world today is in dire need of understanding and integration more than ever before to build a peaceful and developed society. Proverbs represent a core cultural aspect and a distinctive feature that distinguishes each people from another. The problem that emerges from this research is to find the appropriate equivalent for proverbs from one language to another, and precisely for some French proverbs in Arabic language. This research aims, based on the translation technique represented by adaptation, to bring the French culture closer to the Arabic speakers in Cameroon in particular, and to help the Arab reader to understand some of the perceptions in the French culture. It contributes to deepen knowledge for translators and interpreters so they can deliver the message in an optimal way, and then enhance understanding between the speakers of both languages which will help to build an integrated and cohesive society to address the current challenges in our world of today. This article is based - in addition to an introduction and conclusion - on three sections: the first section deals with proverbs from the side of culture and translation, the second section presents selected common and current proverbs in French for study, and the third section analyses the Arabic equivalents of these French proverbs and discusses them based on Arabic culture.

TRAVEL LITERATURE AND ITS ROLE IN LINKING THE HISTORICAL AND INTELLECTUAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE MAGHREB: THE JOURNEY OF MUHAMMAD HAJJI BOUCHAARA AS A MODEL

Historical knowledge is a human one consisting of multiple sources and stripes that carries with it diverse and abundant information that concerns a specific period of history for a nation. The trip is considered an essential source of this historical knowledge, as it relies on direct awareness of events and it is not satisfied with transmission and hearing only, which makes it a living testimony to historical facts that may not be included in the history books themselves. It is worth mentioning that the history of Morocco has not been without a book about the journey through the ages, which highlights the interest of Moroccans in this literature to the extent that it has become one of the characteristics of the Moroccan literature, so that Professor Mohamed El Fassi believes that “the most important thing with which Morocco participated in building the edifice of general Arab culture And with juris prudence research, the art of the journey”. The Moroccans have achieved the best luck in this field. Indeed, we can say with confidence and reassurance that the Moroccans have excelled and gained the advantage of being a pioneer and leader in the field of travel. If the historical sources have recorded the names of a large number of Moroccan travellers who roamed the horizons, there are those whom we do not find mentioned , so it can be imagined that a large number of Moroccan trips have been lost or are still hidden in forgotten shelves that have not yet been reached,explored or studied. An example of this is Bouchaara's Hajj trip, whose owner is unknown - despite his scientific status - in the Moroccan and Arab cultural circles. In particular, we mention: Youssef Al-Nabahani. Thus, we have uncovered a cultured Moroccan figure who remained unknown despite the fact that he left a scientific work that enriched the Moroccan treasury. From here came our conviction to present the authentic journey of Bouchaara, so who is this traveller? What are the conditions of his trip and what are its main raised issues ? Where does its importance lay? And what did it add to the series of Moroccan pilgrimages that Moroccans have been taking? These are a set of questions that we will try hard to answer through this research