Arab Boy Research Articles

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА АНТРОПОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ И БИОИМПЕДАНСОМЕТРИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ РОССИЙСКИХ И ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА

To study the adaptation processes of foreign students, the most accessible and informative is to determine their morphofunctional status. The purpose of the study was to conduct a comparative characterization of anthropometric and bioimpedance indicators of yakut and arab students. Materials and methods: 166 young men of yakut nationality and 43 arab boys, natives of Egypt, whose average age was 19,9±0,25 years, were examined. All the examined were 1st year students of the Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University. Anthropometric and bioimpedance measurements were carried out, and an index assessment of physical development was given. The methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics are used. Results and conclusion: Significantly high indices of body weight, chest circumference, buttock girth and antero-posterior chest diameter were established in arab boys. Yakuts have significantly higher shoulder diameter values. Arab boys are more likely to register persons with increased body density according to the Yarho-Kaupe index, high physical development according to the Rohrer index, persons with increased body weight and obesity according to the body mass index. The indices of active and reactive tissue resistance were significantly higher in yakut boys. Significantly high values of total hydration, musculoskeletal mass and lean mass were recorded in arab boys. Among the yakut boys, a significantly large proportion of persons with a high value and the absence of persons with a low value of the phase angle were identified. The obtained results of bioimpedance analysis indicate the best condition of the body's cells, the level of overall performance and metabolic intensity in yakut boys.

Pediatric age-related distribution of calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate in urinary tract stones: metabolic, gender and ethnic correlates.

Previous studies of pediatric urolithiasis have suggested possible associations between the relative proportions of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones with age, gender, and ethnicity. This study aimed to investigate the composition and distribution of calcium oxalate stones according to these clinical factors and the metabolic correlates of the different subtypes in pediatric stone formers. We retrospectively reviewed the database of all first-time stone formers between 2014 and 2019. Infrared spectrometry was used to determine stone composition. Stones were categorized by their highest relative component and reported as a percentage of occurrences in the cohort as a whole and by patient gender, age (divided into three age groups: 1-5, 6-12, 13-18 years), and ethnicity. Clinical and metabolic correlates were analyzed. Of 2,479 consecutive stones submitted to our chemical stone lab, 220 first-time pediatric stone formers were identified. COD stones were the predominant subtype in the youngest group, and COM stones in the oldest group (OR 0.39, 95% CI:0.18-0.86, p=0.036). In the intermediate-age group (6-12 years), COM stones were more prevalent in Arab boys and COD stones in girls of either ethnicity. COD stones were associated with hypercalciuria (p< 0.0001), and COM stones with hyperoxaluria (p=0.0024). Hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia were the most prevalent abnormalities at ages 1-5 and 13-18, respectively. Analysis of calcium oxalate stone subtypes and their metabolic correlates in stone formers has significant clinical relevance, specifically in children. In the present study, COD stones and hypercalciuria were more common in younger children, and COM stones and hypocitraturia in adolescents. These findings suggest unique, complex interactions driving stone formations in children that may guide a more practical, limited, and cost-effective approach to metabolic evaluations, choice of treatment, and preventive measures, particularly in first-time calcium oxalate pediatric stone-formers.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children associated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin scar: a case presentation

BackgroundDuring Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the WHO reported a noticeable increase in Kawasaki disease prevalence in countries where Kawasaki disease is rare. This newly seen disease, unlike typical Kawasaki disease, tends to appear at a later age, has prominent gastrointestinal findings, higher rates of myocarditis and coronary artery involvement and a greater need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Induration of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) scar is a rare finding seen in multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). This is the second reported case of erythema and induration of the BCG scar in a 1-year-old boy with MIS-C.Case presentationThe Arabic boy presented with high resistant fever, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, erythematous lips, and conjunctivitis. He later developed induration of his BCG scar, diffuse rash and desquamation on fingers and toes. He had a history of COVID-19 exposure as his IgG antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were positive. Based on his clinical findings and repeated lab results, he was diagnosed with MIS-C with Kawasaki features and treated with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) followed by methylprenisolone and aspirin.ConclusionsReaction at the BCG inoculation site is not a diagnostic criteria for Kawasaki, but it is seen clinically in 30-50% of the patients. We report the case of a 1-year-old boy diagnosed with MIS-C presenting with erythema and induration of BCG scar. Further studies are needed to explore this clinical presentation, especially in the countries that have BCG vaccination programs, and to determine the mechanisms of MIS-C.

Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Israel during 2000–2019

Differences have been reported in incidence rates of fractures in the pediatric population, between countries and over time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and characteristics of fractures over 20 years among Israeli children. Incidence rates of fractures were derived from the electronic database of Meuhedet Health Services, a health maintenance organization providing healthcare services to 1.2 million people in Israel. Demographic and clinical data were extracted of all the fractures in individuals aged <18 years during 2000-2019. Fracture sites were determined according to ICD9 definitions. Fracture data were analyzed by age, sex, season and sector (general Jewish population, ultra-orthodox Jews and Arabs). During the study period 188,283 fractures occurred in 142,049 individuals. The most common were fractures of the upper limb (65%), followed by fractures of the lower limb [20%]. The overall fracture rate was 251 per 10,000 person- years (PY), and was higher for boys than girls (319 vs. 180 per 10,000 PY, p < 0.001). During 20 years, standardized fracture rates decreased significantly in the general Jewish population, among both boys (from 457 to 325 per 10,000 PY, p < 0.001) and girls (from 244 to 196 per 10,000 PY, p < 0.001); increased among ultra-orthodox Jewish boys (from 249 to 285 per 10,000 PY, p = 0.002) and girls (from 147 to 194 per 10,000 PY, p < 0.001); and did not change significantly among Arab boys and girls. The fracture rate peaked among girls aged 10-11 years and among boys aged 12-13 years. Seasonal variation showed a bimodal distribution with peaks during spring and autumn. The incidence of pediatric fractures is affected by age, gender, sector and season. Recognition of fracture characteristics may help identify specific populations and conditions for targeted prevention strategies.

Is fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva an interleukin-1 driven auto-inflammatory syndrome?

BackgroundFibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is the most catastrophic form of heterotopic ossification, due to ongoing intracellular signaling through the bone morphogenic protein pathway. The paroxysmal appearance of inflammatory lumps and elevated inflammatory markers during flares, suggest that FOP is an auto-inflammatory disease. Based on evidence, demonstrating a role for interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in other forms of heterotopic ossification, we hypothesized that treating FOP patients with anti-IL-1 agents could help lower the rate of FOP paroxysms and/or limit the symptoms and residual lesions.Case presentationA 13.5-year-old Arab boy was diagnosed with FOP. Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs did not change the disease course. New lumps appeared in a rate of approximately one every 8 days. Treatment with the anti-IL-1 agents anakinra and canakinumab resulted in significantly lower rate of paroxysms (every 22–25 days, of which almost all involved only 2 existing lumps), as well as shorter duration. High levels of IL-1β were found in the patient’s plasma samples, collected during a paroxysm that appeared 8 weeks after the last canakinumab dose. In contrast, IL-1β plasma levels were undetectable in the previous three plasma samples, obtained while he was treated with anti-IL-1 agents.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate the efficacy of anti-IL-1 agents in the treatment of a patient with FOP. Results showing the marked increase in IL-1β plasma levels during a paroxysm support a role for IL-1β in the pathogenesis of FOP and further provide the rationale for the use of anti-IL-1 agents in FOP treatment.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survival in a patient with Noonan syndrome and multiple lentigines: a case report

BackgroundA 9-year-old Arabic boy attending middle school presented with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation recorded by Holter electrocardiographic monitoring. He had a background history of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (also known as LEOPARD syndrome), a rare condition of autosomal dominant inheritance with approximately 200 cases reported worldwide.Case presentationApart from characteristic features, the boy was known to have asymmetric septal hypertrophy with a maximum wall thickness of 24 mm measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. A day prior to the event, he attended cardiology follow-up at our institution, and Holter monitoring was commenced. Following cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders and paramedics, he reverted back into sinus rhythm after a total downtime of 24 min. He was initially treated in the intensive care unit and underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation. He has made a full recovery and remains at the top of his class.ConclusionThis case demonstrates that sudden cardiac arrest in patients with secondary forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not necessarily protected by apparently favorable phenotypes and that events may be preceded by non-sustained ventricular tachycardia observed by Holter monitoring. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation plays a critical role in both primary and secondary prevention in patients at high risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Congenital intrahepatic portocaval shunts and hypoglycemia due to secondary hyperinsulinism: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundCongenital portosystemic shunts present with various associated complications, such as other congenital malformations, hyperammonemia, or hepatopulmonary syndrome. Few cases of associated hypoglycemia have been reported so far and our case, to the best of our knowledge, describes the most severe extent of hypoglycemia.Case presentationWe describe the case of a newborn Arab boy with two intrahepatic portosystemic shunts, resulting in severe and persistent hypoglycemia, due to which one of the shunts was closed by interventional radiology whereas the other shunt had already closed spontaneously.ConclusionsBecause he showed elevated levels for insulin and prolonged high insulin levels in an oral glucose tolerance test, our case supports the theory that portocaval shunts cause a reduced hepatic insulin reduction due to the high blood volume bypassing the liver. This case provides further insights into glucose regulation mechanisms of the liver and we suggest a consistent screening for hypoglycemia in patients with congenital portosystemic shunts.

Distinctive vasculopathy with systemic involvement due to levamisole long-term therapy: a\xa0case report

BackgroundLevamisole belongs to the antihelminthic class of drugs that are sometimes administered to patients with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, owing to its steroid-sparing effects. Neutropenia and skin lesions, compatible with vasculitis, have been reported as drug complications, but they are rarely associated with any systemic involvement.Case presentationWe report a case of a 9-year-old Arab boy with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome who was treated with levamisole after his third relapse. The drug was initially well tolerated, but mild isolated neutropenia occurred 6 months after levamisole administration. This was followed by cutaneous vasculitis of both ears and the left cheek. The patient also developed hepatosplenomegaly and anemia. Levamisole was discontinued, and his disease remained in remission. All the systemic manifestations disappeared gradually over the course of 1 month. The patient remained in remission until 1 year after levamisole withdrawal, when clinical nephrosis recurred.ConclusionsDespite levamisole’s being a useful drug for maintaining remission in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome, patients on long-term levamisole therapy should be monitored closely to prevent serious complications that can easily be resolved by simple drug withdrawal.

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation \u2013 dangers of misdiagnosis: a case report

BackgroundCongenital cystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare pulmonary malformation, but is the most common lung malformation observed in children. In developing countries, such as Morocco, prenatal diagnosis is missing. Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation may occur after birth in the presence of complications and needs a computed tomography scan for confirmation. However, our lack of awareness of this malformation has been responsible for a late and wrong diagnosis along with therapeutic errors. We report the first case in Morocco where diagnosis is confirmed by histology after death.Case presentationA 10-month-old Arab boy was prescribed various antibiotics (including anti-staphylococcal) and endured repeated chest drainages, leading to his death just after radiological diagnosis and instant surgery.ConclusionsThe goal of this case report is to firmly express the need for both pediatricians and radiologists to enlarge diagnosis investigations, especially of congenital or constitutional entities in children, as soon as recurrence of respiratory distress and pulmonary infections are manifested. We also emphasize this important entity because of its frequency, to avoid the eventual therapeutic errors.

West Bank Story

West Bank Story Laurel Kallen (bio) Ronit & Jamil Pamela L. Laskin Katherine Tegen Books www.harpercollins.com/9780062458544/ronit-and-jamil 192 Pages; Print, $17.99 In Ronit & Jamil, Pamela Laskin delivers a beguiling young adult novel in verse. As Ronit, an Israeli girl, and Jamil, a Palestinian boy, fall in love and deploy their ingenuity to outwit those who would thwart their romantic relationship, the reader is likely to fall in love with both of these spirited characters. Ronit and Jamil share a passion for one another, as well as a resolve to escape the usual fate of star-crossed lovers. The characters's names intentionally recall those of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (1597) and Laskin makes the most of this allusion by liberally quoting the bard. While Jamil cites the Muslim poets Rumi and Darwish, Ronit is acutely aware of the similarities between her plight and Juliet's. She cites Romeo and Juliet numerous times, as when she compares the bronze color of Jamil's skin to her own: "'I am whiter than new snow / upon a raven's back'" and later, when she realizes the speed with which the relationship is growing in intensity. "'It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden / too like lightning.'" The poems that comprise Ronit and Jamil are distributed among five acts as in Shakespeare's play and written in the alternating voices of the love-struck teens—voices that are more alike than distinct from one another. This resemblance reflects a conscious decision on Laskin's part, ostensibly to highlight the similarities between the Israeli and Palestinian peoples. Such likenesses are further emphasized by the parallels between corresponding Hebrew and Arabic words and customs, as when Jamil describes his mother's good food. "We talk / around the dinner table: / Ommi's good food: / Hummus, falafel, baba ghanoush." On the next page, the scene portrayed at Ronit's house is identical, except for a slight difference in the word for mother. "We talk / around the dinner table: / Imah's good food: / Hummus, falafel, baba ghanoush." Similarly, Ronit speaks of accompanying her "Abba" to work and Jamil mentions going to the clinic with his "Abi." The teens' fathers work together at a medical facility, Jamil's as a doctor and Ronit's as a pharmacist. Their collegial relationship at the clinic paves the way for Ronit and Jamil to become acquainted. One wonders whether the casualness of the two fathers in allowing their children to meet might not reflect a strong, though unconscious, wish for unity and peace. Indeed, both Ronit and Jamil notice the irony in the fact that they physically resemble one another (except for Ronit's paler skin). When Ronit first sees Jamil, she says, "Who are you? / You could be my brother / (though I have no brother) / but not the way I feel / when I look / into those dreamy hazel eyes of yours." Later in the book, when the two take a walk together, Jamil is confident that no one will notice anything amiss. "[W]e are together / and we look like siblings. / No one knows / how burnt I am around her." Despite the similarities in the voices of Ronit and Jamil, the two are sometimes disarmingly distinct as when Ronit thinks, "Arab boy, / with your gaze / my skin / slips off of/my heart." Jamil, however, momentarily preoccupied with his own buff body assumes that Ronit is equally enthralled: "Israeli girl, / I know you are looking / at the muscles in my arms. / (I work with weights / most days)." When these differences appear, they lend a charming slant to the parallelism of the voices. The fact that Ronit's and Jamil's sentiments do not always precisely coincide provides the characters with a credibility that they might not otherwise enjoy. The poems incorporate a variety of forms, including sonnets, pantoums, and ghazals in addition to free verse. The repetition that occurs in the pantoums and ghazals recalls both the "tale as old as time" quality of the couple's forbidden love and the enduring nature of the conflict that has made it forbidden. Both occur generation after generation. In the pantoum, "He Touched My Hand," Ronit gives...

Demographic and lifestyle factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to overweight/obesity among Israeli adolescents: findings from the Mabat Israeli national youth health and nutrition survey.

To investigate demographic and lifestyle factors associated with adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) in Israeli adolescents. Cross-sectional. School-based. Schoolchildren (n 5268) aged 11-19 years answered self-administered questionnaires on food consumption, eating habits and lifestyle; a subset (n 578) also completed 24 h food recalls. Using a modified KIDMED index, 25·5 % of the students had poor, 55·2 % had average and 19·3 % had good MD adherence. Jewish middle-school children had the highest proportion (28·2 %) of poor MD adherence. Olive oil usage, derived from 24 h food recalls, was 18·1 % in Jewish families v. 71·1 % in Arab homes. In Jewish boys, the odds (OR; 95 % CI) of having poor MD adherence was higher in those who watched television/videos/listened to music for ≥2 h/d (1·25; 0·98, 1·58) and those who sometimes/don't read food labels (1·69; 1·31, 2·18). In Jewish girls, the odds for having poor MD adherence was significantly higher in those whose mother's schooling was <12 years (2·06; 1·41, 3·00) and those who sometimes/don't read food labels (1·35; 1·08, 1·69). In Arab boys, watching television/videos/listening to music for ≥2 h/d was significantly associated with poor MD adherence (1·89; 1·16, 3·07). In Arab girls, no aerobic activity or ball games weekly was associated with poor MD adherence (1·38; 0·91, 2·09). Israeli adolescents had overall a high rate of poor MD adherence. Jewish middle-school children were at the highest risk. Interventions aimed at increasing physical activity, reducing sedentary time, improving mother's education and promoting reading of food labels are recommended.

Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome: a series of five cases among siblings.

BackgroundPapillon–Lefèvre syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and aggressively progressing periodontitis leading to premature loss of deciduous and permanent dentition. The etiopathogenesis of the syndrome is relatively obscure, and immunologic, genetic, or possible bacterial etiologies have been proposed.Case presentationA series of five cases of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome among the siblings in a family is presented here: a 3-year-old Arab girl, a 4-year-old Arab boy, a 11-year-old Arab boy, a 12-year-old Arab boy, and a 14-year-old Arab boy. The patients presented with severe gingival inflammation and mobility of teeth. The clinical manifestations were typical of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome and the degree of involvement of the oral and skin conditions varied among them.ConclusionsThis case series stresses the consanguinity in the family as an etiologic factor. All siblings in the family were affected with Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome which makes this a rare case. A multidisciplinary approach with the active participation of a dental surgeon, dermatologist, and pediatrician is essential for the management of cases of Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome.

Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among Arab Youth; a Cross-Country Study.

Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is considered a global epidemic that is spreading among youth. Our analysis was conducted to compare the national baseline prevalence rate estimates of WTS among Arab boys and girls. The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a school-based survey using standardized self-administered questionnaires; it employs a two-stage cluster sampling technique to obtain a representative sample of youth (13-15 years of age). We conducted a secondary data analysis of nationally representative GYTSs available from 16 Arab countries. Youth who self-reported smoking waterpipe at least once in the past 30 days were considered to be current waterpipe tobacco smokers. National weighted WTS prevalence rate estimates along with respective 95% confidence intervals were reported for boys and girls. Pooled GYTS data from 16 Arab countries yielded a total of 31,359 youth. Overall, 10.6% of the respondents were current waterpipe tobacco smokers, with boys (13.7%) having significantly higher estimates than girls (7.2%). Overall, current WTS prevalence rate estimates ranged from .9% in Oman to 34.2%, in Lebanon. The WTS epidemic was more predominant among boys and girls, respectively, in the West Bank (42.8% and 24.2%), Lebanon (38.6% and 30.5%) and Jordan (25.7% and 14.5%). Among Arab boys and girls, WTS represents a growing strain of the tobacco epidemic that requires immediate attention.

Griscelli Syndrome Type 3: Two New Cases and Review of the Literature

A 3-year-old Arab boy with a history of hypoplastic left heart syndrome was referred to the pediatric dermatology clinic at Sheba Medical Center for evaluation of hypomelanosis, manifested by fair skin pigmentation and silvery-grey hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes. The child had one older brother with similar hypopigmentation and another older brother who had died of congenital heart disease. The child had no history of neurologic deficits or immunodeficiency and no additional findings on clinical evaluation.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Cardiometabolic Risks: A Juxtaposition of Arab Adolescents and Adults.

The recent exponential surge in vitamin D research reflects the global epidemic of vitamin D deficiency and its potential impact on several chronic diseases in both children and adults. Several subpopulations, including Arab adolescent boys and girls, remain understudied. This study aims to fill this gap. A total of 2225 apparently healthy Saudi adolescents (1187 boys and 1038 girls, aged 13-17 years old) and 830 adults (368 men and 462 women, aged 18-50 years old) were respectively recruited from different public schools and medical practices within Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Anthropometrics were taken and fasting blood samples withdrawn to examine serum glucose and lipid profile by routine analysis and 25-hydroxyvitamin D by ELISA. Almost half of the girls (47.0%) had vitamin D deficiency as compared to only 19.4% of the boys (p<0.001), 36.8% of the adult women and 17.7% of the adult men (p<0.001). Furthermore, in boys there were more significant inverse associations between serum 25(OH)vitamin D levels and cardiometabolic indices than girls, while in contrast women had more significant associations than men. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) [OR 3.47 (CI1.26-5.55); p<0.05] and pre-DM [OR 2.47 (CI 1.48-4.12); p<0.01] in boys. Furthermore, vitamin D insufficiency was significantly associated with abdominal obesity in boys [OR 2.75 (CI 1.1-7.1); p<0.05]. These associations for DMT2 and abdominal obesity were not observed in adult males, girls and adult women. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency and hyperglycemia is high among Arab adolescents. Vitamin D deficiency is mostly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescent Arab boys. This indicates a sex- and age-related disadvantage for boys with low vitamin D status and challenges the extra-skeletal protection of vitamin D correction in adolescent females.

Introduction: The Gender and Queer Politics of Translation: New Approaches

Introduction: The Gender and Queer Politics of Translation: New Approaches

Untranslatable Desire: Interethnic Relationships in Franco–Arab Literature

Abstract This article examines the sexualization of postcolonial relations at the level of literature, paying special attention to how postcolonial resentment is portrayed via the figure of the “Arab boy,” transplanted from an exploited status in colonial settings to an unassimilated status in contemporary France. The difficulties of communication that occur, when certain French writers aim to depict this Arab figure, are then sourced to problems of cultural translation in a variety of instances. Gay-identified Moroccan authors like Rachid O. and Abdellah Taïa, who write in French from France, have responded to calls for sexual disclosure as “native informants,” while simultaneously supplying disturbing and destabilizing answers in stories often featuring sexualized Arab youth. These writers first reify and then challenge a tradition of sexualized literary collaboration that has existed ever since the writer and translator Paul Bowles fostered the emergence of Moroccan voices for a Western audience. Contemporary writers like Renaud Camus and Frédéric Mitterrand have themselves pursued forms of collaboration with North African cultural actors that recall the collaborative precedent. Between the era of Tangiers as a haven for gay writers and now, however, their young Arab interlocutors have gone from being available and servile, to “difficult” and resentful.

Periductal stromal sarcoma in a child: a case report

IntroductionPeriductal stromal sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant fibroepithelial tumor of the breast which is characterized by its biphasic histology with benign ductal elements and a sarcomatous stroma made of spindle cells and lacking phyllodes architecture. Its therapeutic management is based on wide surgery with free margins. Adjuvant therapies are not needed. Periductal stromal sarcoma may evolve into a phyllodes tumor with time, as well as a specific soft-tissue sarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this tumor has never been described in a child.Case presentationA 14-year-old Arabic boy was presented to our hospital one year ago with a nodule of the right breast that was gradually increasing in size without signs of inflammation. The histological examination after lumpectomy revealed a periductal stromal sarcoma with free surgical margins. No adjuvant treatment was given. At 50 months of close follow-up, no recurrence was observed.ConclusionPeriductal stromal sarcoma in a child is a very rare disease which has the same indolent behavior as it does in adults. Therefore, close follow-up is required.

Congenital Yellow Nail Syndrome: A Case Report and Its Relationship to Nonimmune Fetal Hydrops

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by a triad of nail dystrophy, lymphedema, and pleural effusion. It is rare in children and congenital occurrence of YNS has been very rarely described. We report a 2-year-old Arab boy having congenital yellow nail syndrome with mild facial dysmorphism and bilateral conjunctival pigmentation born to consanguineous parents. One of his older siblings had died of nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH). The case supports the genetic basis of yellow nail syndrome with a possible relationship to nonimmune fetal hydrops.

A three-year-old boy with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation: a case report

IntroductionX-linked adrenoleukodystrophy leads to demyelination of the nervous system, adrenal insufficiency, and accumulation of long-chain fatty acids. Most young patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy develop seizures and progressive neurologic deficits, and die within the first two decades of life. Congenital or acquired disorders of the respiratory system have not been previously described in patients with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.Case presentationA 3-year-old Arabic boy from Yemen presented with discoloration of the mucous membranes and nail beds, which were considered cyanoses due to methemoglobinemia. He also had shortness of breath, fatigue, emesis and dehydration episodes for which he was admitted to our hospital. Chest radiograph and chest computed tomography scans showed congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformation. A few weeks before the removal of the malformation, he had a significant episode of hypotension and hypoglycemia. This development required further in-hospital evaluation that led to the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency and the initiation of treatment with corticosteroids. One year later, he developed seizures and loss of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging of his head showed diffuse demyelination secondary to X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. He was treated with anti-seizure and anti-oxidants, and was referred for bone marrow transplant evaluation.ConclusionThe presence of adrenal insufficiency, neurologic deficits and seizures are common manifestations of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. The association of congenital lung disease with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy or Addison's disease has not been described previously.