Ar System Research Articles

Collision‐induced spin‐orbit relaxation of highly vibrationally excited NO near 1 K

AbstractState‐to‐state scattering studies of vibrationally excited molecules in the cold regime extend inelastic scattering investigations into a new territory. Here, we present differential cross‐sections for superelastic scattering of spin‐orbit excited nitric oxide (NO) (v = 10, Ω = 1.5, j = 1.5) with argon near 1 K utilizing our recently developed near‐copropagating beam technique, and compare these to quantum scattering calculations on coupled cluster and multi‐reference potential energy surfaces. At these collision energies, the scattering is mainly governed by resonances and provides a platform to assess the accuracy of the attractive part of the difference potential for the NO–Ar system, which has remained untested. Quantum scattering calculations for such inelastic processes on high‐quality potential energy surfaces at thermal energies have largely been successful at reproducing the key features of experimental results, but cold spin‐orbit changing collisions are shown to test the limits of the current theoretical state‐of‐the‐art. The experimental results clearly exhibit backscattering centered around 3.5 cm−1 collision energy suggesting a scattering resonance; such resonances have never been detected for the well‐studied NO–Ar system. A partial wave analysis based on a multireference potential energy surface suggests the enhanced backscattering arises from overlapping resonances associated with the highest partial wave contributions.Key points We have achieved state‐to‐state spin‐orbit changing collisions of highly vibrationally excited NO with Ar near 1 K utilizing the near‐copropagating beam technique. The experiment reveals the influence of quantum scattering resonances for the well‐studied NO–Ar system for the first time. The results are found to challenge the current theoretical state‐of‐the‐art.

APLIKASI PENAMPIL WARNA PELITUR PRODUK FURNITURE DENGAN AUGMENTED REALITY DI TOKO UD. CIPTA KARYA DENGAN ALGORITMA FAST CORNER DETECTION

The furniture industry is very much sought after by consumers because of its many uses and plays an important role in household life and daily activities. In its development, consumers want results that are as expected, therefore augmented reality is created which can be scanned on the camera so that objects appear in 3D and consumers can get a picture and producers can provide additional explanations. This augmented reality android application was developed using Unity 3D software and an engine from Vuforia by applying the fast corner detection algorithm method. The results of the target image detection test are influenced by several factors such as light intensity, distance and angle of detection, these affect the marker detection process. When the light intensity is low, the marker detection process is getting more difficult. The farthest distance that can be achieved to detect markers is around 70cm. The test results of the marker's point of view can be detected with a slope angle of +45o. And based on the test results on the ar system of this application, the accuracy level of marker detection is very good

LA–SF–ICP-MS U–Pb baddeleyite and zircon geochronology applied to Cretaceous alkaline rocks of the São Paulo state– Brazil

The laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–SF–ICP-MS) U–Pb geochronological method is frequently used to date minerals, in particular zircon. In turn, baddeleyite is the ideal geochronometer when it comes to silica-undersaturated rocks, such as alkaline rock types. In this study, we describe a series of protocols to separate baddeleyite crystals and date them by the LA–SF–ICP-MS method in the Isotopic Geology Laboratory of the Geoscience Institute (University of Campinas), starting from sample crushing and milling and the calibration of the Wilfley table. The method includes the use of Kovdor and Phalaborwa primary and secondary reference materials, respectively. Laser operation conditions were spot size of 25 μm and ablation time of 60 s (20 for local blank and 40 for baddeleyite signal), at a fluence of 20 L per minute. Cretaceous alkaline rocks associated with the Paraná-Etendeka magmatic province were analyzed, comprising Jacupiranga, Pariquera-Açu, and Cananéia intrusions, all related to the Guapiara lineament. The results yielded concordant baddeleyite ages of 115–120 Ma for Jacupiranga carbonatite, around 110 Ma for Pariquera-Açu shonkinite, and 81 ± 2 Ma and 83 ± 0.4, respectively for baddeleyite and zircon from the Cananéia syenite. Despite the difficulties in baddeleyite separation, the LA–SF–ICP-MS U–Pb ages have proven to be robust for the young alkaline complexes related to the Serra do Mar Province, such as those occurring along the São Jerônimo-Curiuva Lineament, avoiding the concerns about thermal events that could reset, e.g. K–Ar and Ar–Ar systems. Field relations show a hierarchy of intrusive pulses and our data show that, temporarily, the Jacupiranga Complex is active in a younger time interval, 115 to 120 Ma, than previously established.

Augmented Reality for Autistic Children to Enhance Their Understanding of Facial Expressions

Difficulty in understanding the feelings and behavior of other people is considered one of the main symptoms of autism. Computer technology has increasingly been used in interventions with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), especially augmented reality, to either treat or alleviate ASD symptomatology. Augmented reality is an engaging type of technology that helps children interact easily and understand and remember information, and it is not limited to one age group or level of education. This study utilized AR to display faces with six different basic facial expressions—happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, and anger—to help children to recognize facial features and associate facial expressions with a simultaneous human condition. The most important point of this system is that children can interact with the system in a friendly and safe way. Additionally, our results showed the system enhanced social interactions, talking, and facial expressions for both autistic and typical children. Therefore, AR might have a significant upcoming role in talking about the therapeutic necessities of children with ASD. This paper presents evidence for the feasibility of one of the specialized AR systems.

An ARCore-Based Augmented Reality Campus Navigation System

Currently, the route planning functions in 2D/3D campus navigation systems in the market are unable to process indoor and outdoor localization information simultaneously, and the UI experiences are not optimal because they are limited by the service platforms. An ARCore-based augmented reality campus navigation system is designed in this paper in order to solve the relevant problems. Firstly, the proposed campus navigation system uses ARCore to enhance reality by presenting 3D information in real scenes. Secondly, a visual inertial ranging algorithm is proposed for real-time locating and map generating in mobile devices. Finally, rich Unity3D scripts are designed in order to enhance users’ autonomy and enjoyment during navigation experience. In this paper, indoor navigation and outdoor navigation experiments are carried out at the Lingang campus of Shanghai University of Electric Power. Compared with the AR outdoor navigation system of Gaode, the proposed AR system can achieve increased precise outdoor localization by deploying the visual inertia odometer on the mobile phone and realizes the augmented reality function of 3D information and real scene, thus enriching the user’s interactive experience. Furthermore, four groups of students have been selected for system testing and evaluation. Compared with traditional systems, such as Gaode map or Internet media, experimental results show that our system could facilitate the effectiveness and usability of learning on campus.

Design of 3D Microgestures for Commands in Virtual Reality or Augmented Reality

Virtual and augmented reality (VR, AR) systems present 3D images that users can interact with using controllers or gestures. The design of the user input process is crucial and determines the interactive efficiency, comfort, and adoption. Gesture-based input provides a device-free interaction that may improve safety and creativity compared to using a hand controller while allowing the hands to perform other tasks. Microgestures with small finger and hand motions may have an advantage over the larger forearm and upper arm gestures by reducing distraction, reducing fatigue, and increasing privacy during the interaction. The design of microgestures should consider user experience, ergonomic principles, and interface design to optimize productivity and comfort while minimizing errors. Forty VR/AR or smart device users evaluated a set of 33 microgestures, designed by ergonomists, and linked them to 20 common AR/VR commands based on usability, comfort, and preference. Based primarily on preference, a set of microgestures linked to specific commands is proposed for VR or AR systems. The proposed microgesture set will likely minimize fatigue and optimize usability. Furthermore, the methodology presented for selecting microgestures and assigning them to commands can be applied to the design of other gesture sets.

Inelastic collision dynamics of oriented NO molecules with Kr atoms

Building on our previous work on NO + Ar, this paper presents a complete set of orientation measurements and quantum mechanical calculations for the NO + Kr collision system, including both spin-orbit conserving and changing collisions, and both side-on (x-axis) and end-on (z-axis) orientations. While many of the trends observed in the oriented differential and integral scattering distributions, as well as in the spin-orbit branching fractions, are similar to the ones seen previously for NO + Ar, a direct comparison with the Ar data reveals subtle differences in the scattering dynamics, which we rationalise with the more extended attractive regions on the NO + Kr potential energy surfaces. High-impact parameter collisions that lead to low scattering angles in the spin-orbit conserving manifold are particularly sensitive to the topology in the attractive parts of the potential, whereas more impulsive, low-impact parameter trajectories, which sample the repulsive parts of the potential, produce very similar features in the oriented differential cross sections for the Ar and Kr systems, especially for spin-orbit changing collisions.

Corrosion and Tribological Behaviour of BN Thin Films Deposited Using Magnetron Sputtering

Boron nitride coatings were synthesised on 316L stainless steel substrates through the radio frequency magnetron sputtering from a target made of hexagonal boron nitride. The process of deposition was conducted in three separate N2 and Ar system mixing regimes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques investigated the microstructure morphology and composition of the BN films at varying ratio of N2 and Ar plasma. This research aimed to examine the effects of changing the N2 gas ratio on the structure and structural morphology of c-BN coatings. Using QAr / QN2-5/1 ratios, an increased consistency of the microstructure and further c-BN step formation suggest a fundamental technique for producing superior quality cubic boron nitride films. The electrochemical corrosion test and mechanical analysis was performed to study corrosion and tribological behaviour of the BN coating, and the results showed more improvement in corrosion and tribilogical behaviour in case of BN2 regime. The BN2 regime showed a maximum corrosion resistance of around 1.114 mpy (miles per year). The young's modulus of 346Gpa in magnitude in case of BN2 thin film was found to be higher as compared to base material and other two thin films.

Generalised Landau–Teller fitting of the vibrational relaxation rates in atom–diatom collisions: O2–Ar system as a case study

The common trajectory effective mass (CTEM) approach is applied to the calculation of the temperature dependence of the vibrational relaxation rate coefficient k 10 in collisions of a diatomic molecule with chemically inert atom on an anisotropic PES. As a case study, we consider the O2–Ar system for which experimental data across the wide temperature range and ab initio results for the PES are available. It is shown that temperature dependence of the vibrational relaxation rate coefficient k 10 is described by the CTEM approach with non-empirical value of the effective Landau–Teller characteristic temperature that indicates the contribution of O2 rotation in inducing vibrational transition.

Mobile Augmented Reality Technologies for Autism Spectrum Disorder Interventions: A Systematic Literature Review

Over the past decade, enhanced computing capabilities and mobile technologies have begotten the upsurge of innovative mobile health (mHealth) solutions, and many research efforts have occurred recently in the area of technology-based interventions (TBI) for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mobile augmented reality (MAR) refers to AR systems that use the handheld mobile device medium (mobile phones, tablets or smart glasses). This article reports the results of a systematic review undertaken on the use of MAR for ASD-related skills learning from the year 2010. It aims to provide an insight into the current state of research on MAR interventions and to provide guidance to relevant designers and researchers. We searched seven databases and retrieved 625 articles initially. After exclusion and screening, 36 articles were reviewed reporting on using MAR to improve various skills of children and adolescents with ASD, and 10 research questions related to PICO (P: Population, I: Intervention, C: Comparison, O: Outcomes) were addressed. This study identifies challenges that still exist in the research efforts towards the development of applications exploiting the MAR for ASD interventions: technology issues, research design consideration, subjective assessment etc. The studies examined suggest researchers should focus on users and improve the quality of the MAR app. In addition, more effective research methods and evaluation methods could be involved in future studies to facilitate the development of MAR intervention applications.

A Review of Augmented Reality Systems and an Update on The Most Recent Technological Developments and Applications in Dentistry

This literature review aims to discuss augmented reality systems and provide an update on the most recent technological developments and applications in the dental field. The studies that met the inclusion criteria in the last 20 years, from 2000 to 5 May 2020, in the PubMed database were included. The search resulted in n=72 articles, in which n=40 included and n=32 excluded. AR systems are still being tested as there are still some limitations that limit the adoption of this technology in the dental sector. Several studies have resulted in a device appropriate for clinical use, yet no regular clinical application was recorded.

Online Learning Management System and Analytics using Deep Learning

During this pandemic we have seen rise in popularity of online learning platforms. In this paper, we are going to discuss E-Learning using analytics and deep learning focusing on mainly four objectives which are login systems for teachers and students, Gamification to engage learners, AR contents to increase the involvement of learners and learning analytics to develop competency. We will use Data Mining and Buisness Intelligence to extract high level knowledge from the raw data of students. To predict engagement of students we have used several ML algorithms. This study provides an introduction to the technology of AR and E-Learning systems. The main focus of this paper is to use research on augmented reality and integrate it with Buisness Intelligence and Data Mining(DM). Engaging student till the end of the course became really difficult for traditional E-Learning Platform. Therefore, Gamification in E-learning is good way to solve this problem.

The impact of user perceptions of AR on purchase intention of location-based AR navigation systems

As new AR supported products such as location-based AR navigation systems become available in the consumer market, it is particularly important to understand how user perceptions of AR can be optimized to enhance customer satisfaction and increase purchase intention of these products. However, little research has addressed this gap in the literature so far. Therefore, this study developed a theoretical framework including user perceptions of AR, experience, satisfaction and purchase intention employing experience economy theory. This study's main theoretical contribution is that three user perceptions of AR – spatial ability (sensory domain), sense of presence (feeling domain), and conceptual understanding (cognitive domain) – were found to be key antecedents of consumers' intention to purchase location-based AR navigation systems through the mediation of educational, entertainment, aesthetic, and escape experience. The findings have important implications for future development of location-based AR systems.

Augmented and virtual reality in spine surgery, current applications and future potentials

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly advancing, especially with recent improvements in deep learning (DL) techniques. Augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are finding their place in healthcare, and spine surgery is no exception. The unique capabilities and advantages of AR and VR devices include their low cost, flexible integration with other technologies, user-friendly features and their application in navigation systems, which makes them beneficial across different aspects of spine surgery. Despite the use of AR for pedicle screw placement, targeted cervical foraminotomy, bone biopsy, osteotomy planning, and percutaneous intervention, the current applications of AR and VR in spine surgery remain limited. The primary goal of this study was to provide the spine surgeons and clinical researchers with the general information about the current applications, future potentials, and accessibility of AR and VR systems in spine surgery. We reviewed titles of more than 250 journal papers from google scholar and PubMed with search words: augmented reality, virtual reality, spine surgery, and orthopaedic, out of which 89 related papers were selected for abstract review. Finally, full text of 67 papers were analyzed and reviewed. The papers were divided into four groups: technological papers, applications in surgery, applications in spine education and training, and general application in orthopaedic. A team of two reviewers performed paper reviews and a thorough web search to ensure the most updated state of the art in each of four group is captured in the review. In this review we discuss the current state of the art in AR and VR hardware, their preoperative applications and surgical applications in spine surgery. Finally, we discuss the future potentials of AR and VR and their integration with AI, robotic surgery, gaming, and wearables. AR and VR are promising technologies that will soon become part of standard of care in spine surgery.

Vibrational quenching of CN- in collisions with He and Ar.

The vibrational quenching cross sections and corresponding low-temperature rate constants for the ν = 1 and ν = 2 states of CN-(1Σ+) colliding with He and Ar atoms have been computed ab initio using new three-dimensional potential energy surfaces. Little work has been carried out so far on low-energy vibrationally inelastic collisions for anions with neutral atoms. The cross sections and rates calculated at energies and temperatures relevant for both ion traps and astrochemical modeling are found by the present calculations to be even smaller than those of the similar C2 -/He and C2 -/Ar systems, which are in turn of the order of those existing for the collisions involving neutral diatom-atom systems. The implications of our finding in the present case mainly focus on the possible role of small computed rate constants in the dynamics of molecular cooling and the evolution of astrochemical modeling networks.

WARM: Wearable AR and Tablet-Based Assistant Systems for Bus Maintenance

This paper shows two developed digital systems as an example of intelligent garage and maintenance that targets the applicability of augmented reality and wearable devices technologies to the maintenance of bus fleets. Both solutions are designed to improve the maintenance process based on verification of tasks checklist. The main contribution of the paper focuses on the implementation of the prototypes in the company’s facilities in an operational environment with real users and address the difficulties inherent in the transfer of a technology to a real work environment, such as a mechanical workshop. The experiments have been conducted in real operation thanks to the involvement of the public transport operator DBUS, which operates public transport buses in the city of Donostia—San Sebastian (Spain). Two solutions have been developed and compared against the traditional process: one based on Tablet and another one based on Microsoft HoloLens. The results show objective metrics (Key Performance Indicators, KPI) as well as subjective metrics based on questionnaires comparing the two technological approaches against the traditional one based on manual work and paper.

Development and Evaluation of an Outdoor Multisensory AR System for Cultural Heritage

Enhancing tourist visits to cultural heritage sites by making use of mobile augmented reality has been a tendency in the last few years, presenting mainly audiovisual experiences. However, these explorations using only visuals and sounds, or narratives, do not allow users to be presented with, for example, a particular smell that can be important to feel engaged or to better understand the history of the site. This article pursues the goal of creating an experience that puts the user in a scene planned to evoke several stimuli with SensiMAR prototype - a Multisensory Augmented Reality system that aims to be used in cultural heritage outdoors. When using SensiMAR, the user will be involved with visual reconstructions, surrounded by the soundscape of ancient times, and is exposed to a particular smell very common that time. Given the novelty of this proposal, ascertaining the usability of such a system was raised as a foremost demand. Thus, in addition to its development and implementation specifications, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the usability of the system in end-users' perspective. The results obtained from random visitors of an archaeological site were analysed according to their sex, age, previous experience with augmented reality technology, and provided condition - audiovisual condition, and multisensory condition, with visual, audio, and smell stimuli. Results were collected from a total of 67 participants and show that this multisensory prototype achieved good usability results across all groups. No statistically differences were found, demonstrating good usability of the SensiMAR system regardless of their sex, age, previous experience with the technology or provided condition.

Adapting Augmented Reality Systems to the users’ needs using Gamification and error solving methods

Animations of virtual items in AR support systems are typically predefined and lack interactions with dynamic physical environments. AR applications rarely consider users’ preferences and do not provide customized spontaneous support under unknown situations. This research focuses on developing adaptive, error-tolerant AR systems based on directed acyclic graphs and error resolving strategies. Using this approach, users will have more freedom of choice during AR supported work, which leads to more efficient workflows. Error correction methods based on CAD models and predefined process data create individual support possibilities. The framework is implemented in the Industry 4.0 model factory at FH Aachen.

The Design and Assignment of Microgestures to Commands for Virtual and Augmented Reality Tasks

Researchers have designed 3D (non-contacting) gestures for human-computer interaction (HCI) for desktop computers, automobiles, and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) to improve functionality, and experience. 3D gestures provide a method for HCI in clean and dirty environments and settings where both hands need to be free for other tasks such as warehouse work. However, long-term use of 3D gestures may pose a risk of musculoskeletal fatigue especially if the gestures require movement at larger joints such as the shoulder or elbow. Microgestures involve motions of just the fingers and hands thereby reducing muscle fatigue and distraction. Current microgesture lexicons are not well designed for VR or AR systems because of differences in interactive requirements of the commands and context for their use. The purpose of this study was to design microgestures for AR and VR that follow user experiences with existing gestures while considering application, user preference and hand/wrist postures.

Image-based positioning system using LED Beacon based on IoT central management

The benefits of technologies related to the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), digital twins, and so on, can be fully realized when associated devices are positioned intuitively. However, AR systems hosted within smartphones pose challenges where auxiliary hardware and computational configurations associated with precise positioning are concerned. To this effect, we propose a deep learning-based indoor measurement system that can determine positions using images collected via beacons designed as IoT terminals. The proposed system is broadly divided into a detection unit, an extraction unit, a positioning unit, and a management server. The beacons were detected using deep learning algorithms, from which the postures were extracted using a homography matrix, and position of the imaging device was determined in reference to the beacon’s position. With the unique design of our system, in that it simultaneously performs posture and positioning estimations, high immersive AR can be achieved. Moreover, scalability of the positioning space is also guaranteed as multiple beacons can be monitored at once. For the experiment, we simulated a virtual indoor space comprising pyramid beacons and the results were promising.