Aqueous Solutions Of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Research Articles

Electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene methanol in the presence of dodecylbenzenesulfonate

Electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDT) and its hydroxymethyl derivative (EDTM) was carried out in sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solution by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry on a platinum electrode. PEDTM seems to be irreversibly damaged at lower potentials than PEDT (+1.2 V/SCE versus +1.4 V/SCE, respectively). Moreover, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and surface profiling revealed a higher compaction for PEDTM films. Nevertheless, these films stopped growing for a charge of about 80 mC cm −2 as demonstrated by a UV-Vis spectrophotometric study.

Coadsorption of Cationic Dyes with Surfactants on Colloidal TiO2 Particles to Achieve Photosensitization in Highly Acidic Media

Abstract Absorption and emission characteristics of rhodamine B (RB) were investigated in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (DBS) at pH 0.9 in the absence and presence of colloidal TiO2. From the spectral changes one can obtain detailed information about the interaction between RB, DBS and TiO2. No adsorption of RB onto the surface of TiO2 occurred at the quite low pH due to the strong electrostatic repulsion between RB molecules and the positively charged TiO2 particles. Addition of DBS was found to be capable of improving the coadsorption of RB onto the surface of TiO2 particles, and thus realizing and efficient charge injection from the excited state of RB into the conduction band of TiO2.

Electrochemical applications of the bending beam method. 2. Electroshrinking and slow relaxation in polypyrrole

Cyclic voltammetry of chloride-doped polypyrrole (PPy(Cl)) in an aqueous solution of tetraethylammonium chloride and dodecyl benzenesulfonate-doped polypyrrole (PPy(DBS)) in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is studied. Emphasis is put on the effect of holding the polymers at the negative or positive potential limit on the subsequent cyclic voltammograms. The bending beam method is used to detect the volume changes in PPy(Cl) and PPy(DBS) during doping and undoping under constant potentials and while the polymers are held at the undoped or doped state.

A new electrode for a poly(pyrrole)-based rechargeable battery

The use of dodecylbenzenesulfonate-doped poly(pyrrole) films, PPYDBS, as a secondary battery electrode was studied. The redox and morphologic properties of these films are suitable for battery application. Films were synthesized by electrolysis of pyrrole and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate aqueous solutions with a current density of 1.0 mA cm −2 and were switched in LiC1O 4 1.0 M propylene carbonate solutions (PC) by cyclic voltammetry. In these experiments an apparent diffusion coefficient of 3.7x10 −9 cm 2s −1 has been found. Charge/discharge tests at ±50, ±100, ±150 and ±200 μA cm −2 were done for a PPYDBS/ LiC1O 4, PC/Li battery. The open-circuit voltage was 3.2 V after 30 h, the specific capacity 53 A h kg −1 and the energy density 154 W h kg −1. These values indicate that this polymer can be used as an electrode in a rechargeable battery.

Antifoaming Properties of Diols. V.

Aseries ofβ-glycols such as 1, 3-alkanediols (C8C18), erythro-and threo-2, 4-alkanediols (C3C16), and erythro-and threo-3, 5-, 4, 6-, .5, 7-dodecanediols were prepared and their antifoaming pro-perties for the aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as a foaming agent were evaluated by the Ross-Miles foam tester (JIS K 3362) and the dynamic foam meter (JIS K 2518).The results of these experiments were shown in Fig.-1Fig.-15. It was found that the aatifoam-ing properties of the β-glycols were dependent upon their molecular weights, the position and the rotational arrangements of two hydroxyl groups in the molecules.(1) The antifoaming Powers of the β-glycols increased in the order C17=C16>C18=C15=C14>C13>C12>C11=C10=C9=C8.(2) The antifoaming powers of dodecanediols were greater when two hydroxyl groups were located near the center of an alkyl chain (Fig.-18).(3) Threo isomers showed better antifoaming Properties than those of erythro isomers (Fig.-17 and Fig.-18).

Antifoaming Properties of Diols. IV.

The following vicinal diols R1CH (OH) CH (OH) R2 (R1, C10H21C20H41; R2, H, CH3C9H19, R1+R2=C12H25, C14H29, C16H33, C18H37, C20H41) were prepared and their antifoaming powers were determined in order to clarify the relationship between their molecular structure and the antifoaming properties. The ethylene oxide adducts of these diols were also prepared and examined. The antifoaming powers were determined by the Ross and Miles method for the aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzene-sulfonate as a foaming agent. These were expressed as functions of immediate reading of foam height (foam production) and reading of foam height after 5min (foam stability), and the concentration of diols.The results of these experiments were shown in Fig.-126. It was found that the antifoaming properties of the vicinal diols were dependent upon their molecular weights and the position of two hydroxyl groups in the molecules.(1) Tetradecanediols, hexadecanediols, and octadecanediols showed excellent foam inhibiting proper-ties; the antifoaming powers of the vicinal diols increased in the order C14_≈_C16_≈_C18>C20>C22>C12>C10>C8_≈_C6.(2) The antifoaming powers of decanediols and dodecanediols were greater when the two hydroxyl groups were located near the center of an alkyl chain, but those of the symmetrical diols were not great. On the other hand, the antifoaming powers of tetradecanediols and hexadecanediols were not affected by the position of two hydroxyl groups (Fig.-26).(3) The introduction of 12 molecules of ethylene oxide to these diols improved their antifoaming powers considerably.

Antifoaming Properties of Glycols Derived from 1-Olefin Dimers

Antifoaming properties of new branched 1, 2 -glycols were observed for three foaming systems containing anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactants as foaming agents. The olefin dimers were prepared from C5-C12 1-olefins in the presence of triethylaluminum, and the resulting 2-alkylolefins were hydroxylated with performic acid and strong base to prepare new glycols : 2-propylheptane-1, 2-diol (10 D), 2-butyloctane-1, 2-diol (12 D), 2-hexyldecane-1, 2-diol (16 D), 2-octyldodecane-1, 2-diol (20 D) and 2-decyltetradecane-1, 2-dial (24 D). For the aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride or p-nonylphenyl poly (oxyethylene) ether (n=15) as foaming agents, the antifoaming powers of these glycols were evaluated by the Ross and Miles method. The results were expressed as immediate reading of foam height and reading of foam height after 5 min as a function of concentration of glycols (Fig.-16). Glycols showed their excellent foam inhibiting properties, especially 20 D. The antifoaming powers of the new glycols decreased in the order of 20 D>24 D>12 D>10 D>16 D.

Studies of the Removal of Oily Soil by Rolling-up in Detergency. II. On Binary Soil Systems Consisting of Oleic Acid and Liquid Paraffin

Abstract The rolling-up mechanism of oily soil from the surface of a polypropylene (PP) sheet in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) was studied by the observation of the contact angle (θ). A binary system consisting of cis-9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid)–liquid paraffin (Nujol) was used as an example of oily soil. The time required for the removal of the oily soil mixture from the PP sheet by rolling-up became shorter with the increase in the liquid paraffin content of the mixture. The oily soil with binary components was more easily removed from the substrate than a single-component oily soil.

A Study of the Removal of Oily Soil by Rolling up in Detergency

Abstract The removal of simply constituted oily soil from a low-energy surface such as polypropylene (PP) has been examined in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and its builders. Oleic acid, olive oil, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and liquid paraffin were used as model oily soils. Rolling-up was observed in all the soils except oleyl alcohol and liquid paraffin. The rolling-up of the soil occurred in the contact angle range of 0°<θ<90°(θ is contact angle) when the soil was removed incompletely from PP. Apparent activation energies for rolling-up were derived, i.e., 8 kcal/mol for oleic acid and 11.9 kcal/mol for olive oil. Complexes were formed for oleic acid, lauryl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol. The effects of the surfactant in various concentrations at various temperature, and with various builders were studied in view of the interfacial tension and the contact angle.

Amount of Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate Remained on the Rinsed Tablewares and Vegetable which were Washed with its Aqueous Solution

The amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained on the rinsed tableware and vegetable has been determined by radio tracer technique using labeled dodecylbenzenesulfonate 35S. If tableware rinsed, for example, two seconds with fresh water right after it was washed in 0.157% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3.9×10-6, 2.2×10-5, 1.1×10-5 and 4.7×10-5mg/cmcm2 of dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained on the porcelain, plastic, glass and stainless surface, respectively. If, for example, cabbage was rinsed for about five seconds to one minute in the trough supplying fresh water right after five minutes washing in 0.05% aqueous solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 0.1-0.2mg of dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained in hundred grams of cabbage.The effects of detergent concentration, washing and rinsing periods, etc., on the amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained on the vegetable and tableware were also examined.