Aqueous Soluble Fractions Research Articles

Isolation and Characterization of Secondary Metabilites and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Thrombolytic Potentials of Erythrina variegata L. Bark

Six compounds, sitosta-4-en-3-one (1), 3β,28-dihydroxyolean-12-en (2), scandenone (3), alpinum isoflavone (4), stigmasterol (5) and lupeol (6) were isolated from the methanol soluble extract of the stem bark of Erythrina variegata. The structure of the compounds was established by extensive NMR studies as well as co-TLC with authentic sample. The petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of the methanolic extract of Erythrina variegata were evaluated for antimicrobial, antioxidant and thrombolytic properties. In the antimicrobial study, most of the fractions of the extract exhibited mild to moderate antimicrobial activity where the zone of inhibition were ranging from 7.69 to 19.51 mm. The chloroform soluble fraction showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50 value 66.28 μg/mL as compared to standard BHT (IC50 value 23.09 μg/mL). The thrombolytic property of different extracts of E. variegata exhibited moderate activity ranging from 31.25 to 57.78 %.

Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Aspilia africana on some gastrointestinal tract pathogens

The main aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of A. africana. The powdered leaf of A. africana was extracted using 70% methanol and partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous methanol fractions. The extract and fractions were phytochemically screened and agar well dilution technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity against some gastrointestinal tract pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella paratyphi C). The phytochemical analysis of A. africana showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones and saponins in the methanol extract but varied across the fractions. The methanol extract and fractions inhibited the growth of gastrointestinal tract pathogens but their effectiveness varied with the concentrations. The methanol crude extract showed the best antibacterial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 15-18 mm followed by aqueous soluble methanol fraction (10-15 mm) and ethylacetaate fraction (9-13 mm) respectively. The n-hexane and chloroform fraction showed no activity. Generally, the diameter zone of inhibition increased with increased extract concentrations. The antibacterial activity of the various extracts of the leaf was comparable to the reference antibiotics, though the antibiotics showed better inhibitory property (p<0.05) in some cases on the test isolates than the leaf extracts. The study showed that the leaves of A. africana possessed inhibitory properties due to the detected phytochemicals, thus validates the traditional uses of the plant for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract infections.

Antidiarrheal and Antimotility Activities of Stem Bark Extracts of Annona reticulata Linn. in Mice Model

The study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening, in vivo evaluation of antidiarrheal activity, and GI motility of methanolic extract as well as different organic solvent soluble fractions of bark of Annona reticulata Linn. The powdered bark of the plant was extracted with methanol using cold extraction method and fractionated with solvent-solvent partitioning using organic solvents including n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, diterpenes, carbohydrate, saponins, phenols, tannins and glycosides. The different organic solvent soluble fractions of bark were evaluated at a concentration of 200 mg/kgbw in castor oil induced diarrheal mice model. The aqueous soluble fractions of bark Annona reticulata showed highest percentage of inhibition of diarrhea (64.91 ± 1.37%), whereas methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed 26.99 ± 1.79%, 34.85 ± 1.66%, 52.71 ± 1.42% and 45.45 ± 1.54% of diarrheal inhibition, respectively. At the same time, the reference standard Loperamide (5 mg/kg) exhibited 73.21 ± 2.06% inhibition of diarrhea. In GI motility test by charcoal plug method, the 200 mg/kgbw of aqueous soluble fraction showed highest antimotility activity (68.71 ± 3.98%), whereas methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate soluble fractions showed 66.84 ± 3.38%, 52.01 ± 1.25%, 59.75 ± 3.56% and 54.70 ± 2.12% antimotility activity, respectively. The standard Loperamide (5 mg/kg) revealed 72.41 ± 1.33% inhibition of GI motility, whereas distilled water as control demonstrated 34.06 ± 1.09% of inhibition. This result indicates that the plant extracts have a significant inhibition of GI motility.

Cell wall fraction of Mycobacterium indicus pranii shows potential Th1 adjuvant activity

Very few adjuvants inducing Th1 immune response have been developed and are under clinical investigation. Hence, there is the need to find an adjuvant that elicits strong Th1 immune response which should be safe when injected in the host along with vaccines. Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MIP), a non-pathogenic vaccine candidate, has shown strong immunomodulatory activity in leprosy/tuberculosis/cancer and in genital warts patients where its administration shifted the host immune response towards Th1 type. These findings prompted us to study the components of MIP in detail for their Th1 inducing property. Since mycobacterial cell wall is very rich in immunostimulatory components and is known to play important role in immune modulation, we investigated the activity of MIP cell wall using Ovalbumin antigen (OVA) as model antigen. ‘Whole cell wall’ (CW) and ‘aqueous soluble cell wall fractions’ (ACW) induced significant Th1 immune response while ‘cell wall skeleton’ (CWS) induced strong Th2 type of immune response. Finally, functional activity of fractions having Th1 inducing activity was evaluated in mouse model of melanoma. CW demonstrated significant anti-tumor activity similar to whole MIP. Anti-tumor activity of CW could be correlated with enhanced tumor antigen specific Th1 immune response observed in tumor draining lymph nodes.

Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Anti-diarrheal and Analgesic Activities of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel

The present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and analgesic activities of methanol extract of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel buds growing in Bangladesh. The total phenolic content of methanol extract of D. malabarica and its Kupchan fractions was determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE). In the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of the methanol extract of D. malabarica revealed maximum free radical scavenging activity having IC50 value of 6.17 μg/ml. In antimicrobial assay, all the test samples displayed prominent antimicrobial activity against the test organisms under in vitro conditions. Among these, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction was found to exhibit the highest activity against Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi, and Candida albicans with the zone of inhibition as 32, 30, 28 and 30 mm, respectively. In evaluation of antidiarrheal activity, the D. malabarica extracts showed significant anti-diarrheal potential in a dose dependent manner. During the evaluation of analgesic activity by radiant heat tail-flick method, the plant extract at 400 mg/kg b.w. exhibited highest elongation (373.04%) as compared to morphine (472.48%). On the other hand, in acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract at 200- and 400-mg/kg b.w. showed 61.11 and 66.67% inhibition of writhing in mice model, respectively as compared to 68.06% inhibition produced by the standard diclofenac-Na. The findings of this study justify some of the traditional uses of D. malabarica and reveal the bioactivity of the plants. Further studies are required to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 27-33, 2019

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Thrombolytic and Antimicrobial Activity of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Zanthoxylum rhetsa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Root Bark with Two Isolated Quinolone Alkaloids

The background of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether (PE), carbon tetrachloride (CTC), chloroform (CF) and aqueous (AQ) soluble fractions of crude methanolic Zanthoxylum rhetsa root bark with two isolated quinolone alkaloids, 8-methoxy-n-methylflindersine (1) and zanthodioline (2). Structures were characterized by 1D NMR analyses. Antioxidant activity was assessed by using DPPH assay and antimicrobial activity was screened by disc diffusion method. An in vitro thrombolytic model was used to evaluate the clot lysis effect of different extracts of root bark of Z. rhetsa along with streptokinase as a positive control and distilled water as a negative control and the cytotoxic activity of different extracts of Z. rhetsa root bark was evaluated by Brine Shrimp Lethality Bioassay. AQ fraction exhibited strongest antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity among four fractions. The CTC and CF soluble fractions exhibited significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity. CTC and AQ fractions gave highest anti-bacterial activity against Vibrio cholera and Klebsiella pneumonia respectively. Compound 1 showed significant activity at a concentration of 100 μgm/disc against Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella paratyphi-A, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei with high antioxidant activity. The antioxidant, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activity of 8-methoxy-n-methylflindersine and zanthodioline are the first record from root bark of this plant.

Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC. Shows Potential in vivo and in vitro Bioactivities

The methanol extract of Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) DC was investigated for antidiabetic, antidiarrheal and analgesic activities in Swiss Albino mice. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test where the crude extract of S. suaveolens (400 mg/kg b.w.) exhibited 56.10% reduction of blood glucose level as compared to 58.53% by standard glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg b.w.). In the castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice, the plant extract, at the dose of 400 mg/kg b.w. demonstrated 42.11% reduction of diarrheal feces, while the standard loperamide revealed 57.89% reduction of diarrheal feces. The analgesic activity of S. suaveolens was assessed by both radiant heat tail-flick and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The methanolic extract and different Kupchan fractions of S. suaveolens were also subjected to screening for total phenolic content, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activities. In the DPPH assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of methanolic extract revealed highest antioxidant properties with IC50 value of 18.99 μg/ml. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by hypotonic solution- and heat-induced methods and was compared with standard acetyl salicylic acid. In hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis, the hexane and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction inhibited 54.42% and 52.67% haemolysis of RBCs, respectively. On the other hand, in heat-induced haemolysis, the chloroform soluble fraction inhibited the haemolysis of RBC by 57.10% as compared to 72.09% produced by acetyl salicylic acid. In antimicrobial assay by disc diffusion method, only the hexane and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity (zone of inhibition = 7.0-15.0 mm) against the test organisms.&#x0D; Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 257-263, 2018 (December)

Chemical and biological assays of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt

Bangladesh is in the tropical zone blessed with many plants and people of this country are dependent on them to a greater extent for foods and medicines. Brassica is a broad genus and encompasses a lot of herbs. Among these, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt (Family-Brassicaceae) is famous in Bangladesh as vegetables. In order to explore the healing abilities of B. rapa subsp. chinensis, different chemical and biological assays have been conducted. Initially, the sun-dried powdered herb was extracted well with methanol and then partitioned with petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. All these extractives were subjected to brine shrimp lethality, free radical scavenging, phenolic content determination and antimicrobial assays. B. rapa subsp. chinensis exhibited various responses in the conducted assays depending on the extractives. These studies revealed the facts to consider this plant with medicinal qualities in addition to its general identity as vegetables.

In vitro Bioactivities of Aerial Parts of Dioscorea alata

The methanol extract of aerial parts of Dioscorea alata and its organic and aqueous soluble materials were subjected to screenings for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and antimicrobial activities. The polyphenol content and DPPH free radical scavenging assay were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content was found to vary for different test samples ranging from 23.69 ± 0.25 to 26.60 ± 0.22 mg of GAE/gm of dried extract. In DPPH method the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) of D. alata revealed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC5025.33 ± 0.05 μg/ml. The petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) exhibited highest cytotoxic potential having LC50 value of 6.1 μg/ml. During the membrane stabilizing assay, the aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) inhibited 31.91% and 47.55% haemolysis of RBC in hypotonic solution- and heat-induced method, respectively. In thrombolytic assay, the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) displayed 40.45% clot lysis. On the other hand the carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF) and chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) revealed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity with zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 12 mm.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(2): 200-204, 2017

Phytochemical and biological investigation on Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb

The methanolic extract of the stem bark of Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb. (Family: Moraceae) was investigated for the isolation of pure compounds and determination of few biological activities. A mixture of two compounds cycloartenyl acetate and lupeol acetate were isolated from it. The crude methanol extract as well as its petroleum ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and aqueous soluble fractions were studied for antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Among the different fractions, the aqueous soluble partitionate was found to have most potent antioxidant activity as compared to tertbutyl-1- hydroxytoluene. Antimicrobial screening of the different fractions was performed using the disc diffusion method. In these tests, the chloroform soluble fraction and carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction of methanolic extract exhibited moderate antimicrobial activity (range of zone of inhibition 8-12 mm). In brine shrimp lethality test, the petroleum ether soluble extract exhibited the highest level of cytotoxicity.IIUC Studies Vol.14(1) June 2017: 45-52

Characterization ofVicia(Fabaceae) seed water extracts with potential immunomodulatory and cell antiproliferative activities

Vicia seeds represent an underutilized source of nutritional and functional components. Besides being rich in proteins, they are also rich in polyphenols, free amino acids, and lectins. These components are enriched in a by-product of the production of protein isolates, a pH 4 soluble extract. Extracts from six Vicia have been analyzed, and NO radical scavenging and antiproliferative activities have been determined. Canavanine was the main free amino acid, while gallic acid derivatives were the most abundant of polyphenols. Fractionation of the extracts by ultrafiltration rendered a lectin-free fraction that exhibited nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Based on this activity, and in the presence of high levels of polyphenols and canavanine that are inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase, it is proposed that these extracts may have an immunomodulatory effect. In addition, some extracts inhibited proliferation of cancerous Caco-2 cells, further supporting the potential of Vicia extracts as functional components. Practical applications During the production of Vicia protein isolates an aqueous soluble fraction, considered a by-product, is generated which is rich in polar polyphenols, free amino acids, and water soluble proteins that are of interest from a functional point of view. In six Vicia species this aqueous fraction showed NO radical scavenging and cell antiproliferative activity. Hence, these fractions usually considered as a by-product, could be exploited as a source of functional compounds with potential health promoting properties. This could result in the revalorization of Vicia seeds and decrease in the generation of by-products from the process of Vicia protein isolate productions.

Phytochemical Screening and Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Thrombolytic Activities of Grewia abutilifolia Vent. &amp; Juss. Leaf

Cholinesterase inhibitors offer the possible pathway to fight against various types of neurodegenerative diseases. Grewia abutilifolia is used extensively in traditional and folk medicines mainly to improve intellectual capabilities and memory enhancement purposes which support its possible effects against neurodegenerative disorders. We performed preliminary phytochemical screening to observe the presence of potential phytoconstituents of G. abutilifolia leaf extracts and evaluated acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory properties to measure its anti-cholinesterase activities. Preliminary phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, coumarins, alkaloids etc. The petroleum ether (PESF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous soluble fractions (AQSF) of the crude extract of the plant leaf were screened for bioactivities. The highest inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was exhibited by aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) with IC50 = 5.73 ± 0.59 μg/ml, while the highest inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase was shown by petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) with IC50 = 6.57 ± 1.81 μg/ml in a dose-dependent manner. During assay for thrombolytic activity, the chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) revealed highest activity with 25.75 ± 1.62% clot lysis. These results of the present study suggested the effectiveness of G. abutilifolia against various neurological diseases.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(1): 81-86, 2018 (June)

In vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, membrane stabilization and thrombolytic activities of Dioscorea hispida Dennst.

IntroductionDioscorea hispida Dennst. is a perennial herb, found in Bangladesh, and is traditionally used for the treatment of arthritis, ulcer and skin infections. In this study, the antioxidant, anti-microbial, thrombolytic and membrane stabilization activities of methanol extract of the plant and its aqueous (AQSF), petroleum ether (PETSF), dichloromethane (DCMSF) and carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF) soluble fractions were investigated with respect to its medicinal implications in traditional systems. MethodsAntioxidant activity of the plant fractions was investigated in the terms of their total phenolic content and free radical scavenging effect. Their anti-microbial assay was carried out against a total of twelve bacterial and three fungal pathogens. Thrombolytic activity was verified by the means of human blood clot lysis and membrane stabilization effect was determined against heat- and hypotonic solution-induced erythrocyte membrane lysis. ResultsThe CTCSF of the plant was found to have a substantial phenolic content, strong free radical scavenging and moderate antimicrobial effects which were at their maximum in the methanol extract and its aqueous, dichloromethane and petroleum ether fractions. The PETSF and CTCSF significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited heat- and hypotonic solution-induced erythrocyte membrane lysis, compared to crude extract and the standard drug, acetylsalicylic acid, respectively. The AQSF demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) thrombolytic activity compared with organic fractions of methanol extract of the plant. ConclusionThe investigation revealed bioactive extracts of D. hispida by the means of their antioxidant, anti-microbial, thrombolytic and membrane stabilization activities, which may significantly aid in the isolation of bioactive metabolites from the plant.

Chemical and Biological Investigations of Cerbera odollam Gaertn

The present article describes the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from the leaves of Cerbera odollam as well as bioactivities of the crude methanolic extract and its petroleum ether (PE), carbon tetrachloride (CTC), chloroform (CF) and aqueous (AQ) soluble fractions. In this investigation, successive chromatographic separation and purification yielded β-amyrin (CO-01), lupeol (CO-02), β-sitostenone (CO-03) and triticusterol (CO-04). The study also indicated the antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, membrane stabilizing activities and poor thrombolytic activities. Thus, the present study endeavors to provide scientific basis to establish Cerbera odollam as a potential medicinal plant.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 179-186, 2017 (December)

Chemical and Biological Studies of Leaf Extract of Dendrophthoe falcata Linn.

Dendrophthoe falcata (Family Loranthaceae) is used extensively in rural area as a component of ethno-medicine for the treatment of various diseases. In this study, the crude extracts and the fractions obtained from D. falcata were investigated for potential chemical constituents and some biological activities. For medicinal properties the antioxidant, brine shrimp lethality and thrombolytic activities have been investigated. The structures of the isolated three compounds were solved by extensive analyses of their high resolution 1HNMR spectroscopic data. They were identified as Lupeol, 3-β-acetoxy-12-ene-11-one and β-sitosterol. For bioactivities, the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions abbreviated as PESF, DCMSF, CSF and AQSF respectively. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate potential cytotoxic activities, where all fractions showed significant activity with lower LC50. Most significant activity has been observed for methanol extract (LC50= 4.477 µg/ml). AQSF revealed maximum activity in DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50 = of 43.49 μg/ml). In assay for thrombolytic activity, the methanol extract and its chloroform soluble fraction demonstrated significant efficacy with 32.65% and 32.36% clot lysis, respectively.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(2): 215-219, 2017 (December)

Potentiality of Crataeva nurvala bark in the management of thrombosis and membrane stabilization in the rural area, Bangladesh.

Aim: Crataeva nurvala (C. nurvala) is a medicinally active plant, potentially used as traditional means of treating many health ailments such as prostatitis, prostate enlargement, inflammatory conditions, heart disease, thyroid and endocrine disorder and urinary tract infection respectively in the rural region of Tangail, Jamalpur, Sherpur and Barishal district since primitive era. In our concurrent research, the bark of this plant was undertaken in order to justify its folkloric history of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing activity in vitro model and for the quantification of total phenol content. Methods: The concentrated methanol extract was partitioned into different fractions showed different amount of yield like 18.2 g of petroleum ether, 13 g of carbon tetrachloride, 11.1 g of chloroform and 9.9 g of aqueous respectively, then all of the fractioned extracts were employed to investigate folkloric uses of thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing potential in vitro models. Results: In the extrapolation of thrombolytic assay, petroleum ether fractioned exhibit the highest percent of clot lysis (27.36 ± 0.10%) activity compared with other fractioned and extract. Crude methanolic extract profoundly inhibited the breakdown of erythrocytes membrane (65.79 ± 0.40%) induced by hypnotic solution and heat. On the other hand, acetyl salicylic acid (reference standard) resulted in 83.147 ± 0.39% inhibition of clot lysis. Alternatively, aqueous soluble fraction exposed slightly higher level of membrane stabilizing activity provoked by heat-induced hemolysis (75.3 ± 0.39). Conclusions: The present study was investigated to confirm the medicinal value of C. nurvala bark as a thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing agent.

Justification of Traditional Uses of Asparagus Racemosus (Shatavari) - A Miracle Herb

Objective: The ethanolic plant extracts of Asparagus racemosus and their partitionates were assessed for thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity in vitro. Methods: The collected plant was dried and grinded. The coarse powder was shocked in 2000 mL of 90% methanol for several days then filtrated. At 40°C the volume of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) was reduced by a vacuum rotary evaporator followed by concentrated aqueous ethanol extractive was fractionated into petroleum ether (PSF), carbon tetrachloride (CTSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions. Results: In thrombolytic assay among all the extractives, carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTSF) showed the highest clot lysis (41.48 ± 0.43%) activity as compared with standard streptokinase (65.16 ± 0.16%). With respect to the membrane stabilizing activity, chloroform soluble fraction (CSF) profoundly inhibited the lysis of erythrocytes (80.86 ± 0.36%) induced by osmosis, whereas reference standard acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) resulted in (88.99 ± 0.39%) inhibition of lysis. On the other hand, CTSF showed slightly higher level of protection against heat-induced hemolysis (85.68 ± 0.75%) as same as with ASA, (85.68 ± 0.75%)). In antimicrobial investigation, crude ethanol extract (CEE) and their partitioning fractions exhibited moderate inhibition of growth of some examined bacteria. The total phenolic content was found maximum (930.94 mg of GAE/gm) in CEE of A. racemosus. The antioxidant potentials in term of DPPH free radical scavenging assay showed EC50 values 2.62 μg/mL by aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) in comparison to ascorbic acid 2.48 μg/mL as a reference standard. Conclusions: This study was conducted to validate the A. racemosus plant as thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing agent, antimicrobial and antioxidant.

Tocopherols, Polyprenols and Steroids from Passiflora edulis and Bioactivities of its Extractives

?-tocopherol (1), ?-tocopherol (2), polyprenol-12 (3), polyprenol-15 (4), stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol were isolated from the yellow flavicarpa variety of leaves of Passiflora edulis. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using 1H-NR and 13C-NMR spectral analysis. The organic and aqueous soluble fractions of crude methanolic extract were evaluated for the antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antimicrobial activities. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the aqueous soluble fraction displayed maximum activity having IC50 value of 139.56?g/ml. On the other hand, dichloromethane soluble fraction revealed maximum cytotoxic (LC50 24.17?g/ml) and thrombolytic (14.49% clot lysis) activities, when compared to the respective blanks.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 55-60, 2017 (June)

English

The crude methanol extract of leaves of Jasminum matthewii as well as its hexane, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble partitionates were subjected to screening for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antimicrobial, analgesic, anti-diarrheal and central nervous system depressant activity assays. The antioxidant potential was evaluated in terms of total phenolic content and free radical scavenging activity using butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) and ascorbic acid as standards. Among the test samples of J. matthewii, the highest free radical scavenging activity was demonstrated by the aqueous soluble fraction (IC50= 41.55&plusmn;0.51 &micro;g/ml), whereas in case of brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the hexane soluble fraction revealed the highest cytotoxic activity with LC50 value 0.19&plusmn;0.32 &mu;g/ml. In thrombolytic activity assay, the aqueous soluble fraction of J. matthewii extractives showed 62.29&plusmn;0.29% of clot lysis, whereas standard streptokinase demonstrated 66.77% clot lysis. Among the test samples, the crude methanol extract inhibited 70.15&plusmn;0.39% haemolysis of red blood cells induced by hypotonic solution. In case of heat-induced condition, the aqueous soluble fraction demonstrated 25.25&plusmn;0.31% inhibition of haemolysis of red blood cells. None of the test samples revealed any zone of inhibition in disc diffusion assay. In peripheral analgesic activity assay, the crude methanol extract of J. matthewii demonstrated 51.02% inhibition of writhing at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight dose compared to 74.49% inhibition by standard diclofenac sodium. In anti-diarrheal activity assay, the methanolic crude extract reduced diarrheal feces by 89.00&plusmn;0.15% at 400 mg/kg dose. J. matthewii extractives potentiated phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time in a dose dependent manner. Key words: Jasminum matthewii, free radical scavenging activity, brine shrimp lethality, thrombolysis, membrane stabilization, hypotonic solution, zone of inhibition, writhing.

Preventive activities against thrombosis and inflammation of Butea monosperma (Lam.) leaves methanolic extract in vitro model.

Aim: To find out the biological activities of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing activity and also quantification of total phenol content in vitro model from the leave extract of Butea monosperma (B. monosperma) Method: The collected leave was dried and grinded. The grinded powder was kept in 2500 ml of 90% methanol for several days followed by filtered. At reduced temperature 40° C, the volume of filtrated crude methanolic extract was reduced by a vacuum rotary evaporator under reduced pressure. Following the concentrated aqueous methanol extractive was partitioned into petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions respectively by the Kupchan methods, Then all extracts were subjected to evaluate in vivo thrombolytic by Daginawala, membrane stabilizing properties by Okoli and Omale method and total phenol content followed by the method of Wolfe et al. Result: In thrombolytic assay among the extractives, petroleum soluble fraction showed the highest percent clot lysis (27.36 ± 0.10%) activity as compared with standard streptokinase (65.15 ± 0.16%). In case of membrane stabilizing activity, crude methanolic extract profoundly inhibited the lysis of erythrocytes (65.79 ± 0.40%) induced by osmosis, whereas reference standard acetyl salicylic acid resulted in (83.147 ± 0.39%) inhibition of lysis. On the other hand, aqueous soluble fraction showed slightly higher level of membrane stabilizing activity in the heat-induced hemolysis (75.3 ± 0.39). In the total phenolic content test, petroleum soluble fraction was found significant level of phenolic (249.06 mg of GAE/gm). Conclusions: This study was conducted to validate the B. monosperma leaves used as a folk medicine (for the ailment of thrombosis, inflammation) such as thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing