Aqueous Permanganate Research Articles

Some reactions of sterculic and malvalic acids. A new source of malvalic acid.

Oxidation of sterculic acid by aqueous alkaline permanganate gave 9,11-dioxononadecanoic acid. Oxidation of sterculic acid by peracetic acid gave a mixture of 9-oxononadec-10-enoic and 11-oxononadec-9-enoic acids. Acetolysis of malvalic acid gave a mixture of 8-hydroxy-9-methylene-heptadecanoic and 9-hydroxy-8-methylene-heptadecanoic acids. Seed oil of Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. (family Sterculiaceae) contained malvalic acid as its major cyclopropenoid component. It comprised about 16% of the total fatty acids.

Wool Shrinkproofing Studies

The influence of inorganic salts on reaction and clearing rates for treatment of wool in neutral solution with potassium permanganate has been studied. In addition to the manganese dioxide deposited on the fiber, reaction in distilled water produces a manganese dioxide sol, which makes qualitative observation of per manganate exhaustion difficult. No sol forms in salt solutions. Permanganate exhaustion is fastest at low salt concentration and slowest in zero and saturated salt solutions. Above 1 molar added salt concentration, the permanganate exhaustion rates are in the order: NaNO3 > NaCl > Na2SO4. The nature of the salt has no effect on exhaustion rates below 1 molar. The variation in reaction rate with salt concentration may be explained in terms of either fiber or solution properties. However, activation energy for the reaction is in the range 5,500 to 8,000 cal/mole, which suggests that the rate-controlling step is diffusion through surface solution rather than diffusion through the fiber. Rates of bisulfite clearing of manganese dioxide deposited on the fiber increase for permanganate treatments in increasing salt concentrations and reflect the depth of deposition of manganese dioxide. This is confirmed by optical microscopy. Treatment of wool with aqueous permanganate, followed by bisulfite clearing, results in a wool weight decrease, which is greatest for treatments in saturated salt solutions.

Monolayer Studies of Some Hydroxylated Polyolefin Rubbers

Abstract The study of high polymer monolayers by the Langmuir balance technique has been almost wholly restricted to those polymers which contain polar groups, e.g., cellulose, proteins, polyacrylates, etc. Nonpolar polymers do not spread and so little attention has been paid to the hydrocarbon rubbers. Wall and Zelikoff have reported that natural rubber, gutta-percha, and butadienestyrene copolymers do not form stable monolayers on water, but that when these materials are modified chemically by thiocyanogen they form relatively thin films of varying thickness. Sivaramakrishnan and Rao have recently confirmed that natural rubber does not form a monolayer on water. However, they find that it spreads spontaneously on a subsolution of aqueous acidic potassium permanganate. We have investigated the surface reaction between certain polyolefins and aqueous permanganate ; the kinetic features of these reactions, discussed elsewhere, suggest that definite chemical end-products are formed on the surface. The purpose of this communication is to characterize the end-products obtained from natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene), gutta-percha (trans-1,4-polyisoprene), polybutadiene, and two butadiene-styrene copolymers of differing styrene content, when these react under controlled conditions at the surface of an acidic aqueous permanganate subsolution.

Autoxidation of fats. I. Preparation and oxidation of alkylbenzene‐maleic anhydride adducts

SummaryIt has been shown that certain alkylbenzenes having a hydrogen atom on the alpha carbon atom react with maleic anhydride to form compounds analogous to the hydroperoxides produced by autoxidation of the alkylbenzenes. The structure of these products has been determined by oxidation with aqueous permanganate and the results have been applied, together with other data, to demonstrate that the reaction proceeds by a free radical chain mechanism involving the abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the alpha carbon atom. In view of the analogy between the products obtained in this investigation and in autoxidation, it is suggested that autoxidation is propagated in a similar manner.

Oxidation of Wool Keratin by Potassium Permanganate

The degradation of wool by fifty volumes of 0.0100 to 0.0400 M potassium permanganate, by fifty volumes of 0.0100 to 0.0600 M potassium permanganate, 0.1800 N as to sulfuric acid, and by 62.5, 75.0, 87.5, and 100 volumes of 0.0200 M potassium perman ganate, both aqueous and acidic, in ten hours at 40 ± 0.1° C. has been measured by the weight, nitrogen, total sulfur, sulfate sulfur, and wet strength of the residual wool. Percentage losses in weight, nitrogen, and non-sulfate sulfur have been shown very similar in fifty-volume baths of either aqueous or acidic permanganate in the same molarity. With increasing volume of 0.0200 M potassium permanganate, loss of nitrogen by wool has been shown greater in acidic than in aqueous solutions. In no case did the wool's sulfate sulfur increase although part of its original sulfate sulfur dissolved in acid permanganate. Wet strength of wool has been shown to decrease more rapidly than weight, nitrogen, or non-sulfate sulfur with increasing mo larity or volume of permanganate and more rapidly in aqueous than in acidic permanganate.

153. The oxidation of some polyhydroxylic and polyethylenic higher fatty acids by aqueous alkaline permanganate solutions

153. The oxidation of some polyhydroxylic and polyethylenic higher fatty acids by aqueous alkaline permanganate solutions