Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solutions Research Articles

Diffraction pattern and structure of aqueous lithium chloride solutions

We present the first extensive study of an ionic solution by both neutron and x-ray diffraction. Pure water and aqueous LiCl at concentrations to saturation (mole ratio D2O:LiCl=3) have been examined at room temperature by both methods. This extensive study reduces greatly the nonuniqueness of interpretation usually associated with diffraction data from liquids. All data are shown to be consistent with a simple model involving only nearest neighbor interactions. In the pure liquid and in dilute solutions, the molecular structure is observed to be close to that found for the gas molecule. The tetrahedral coordination of oxygen atoms around each water is clearly shown, with deuterium atoms located near the O–O lines. This basic water structure gradually diminishes with increasing LiCl concentration, and is unobserved at mole ratios of 10 or lower. The coordination of oxygen atoms about Cl− appears to be octahedral on the average, with a deuterium atom near each connecting line. The coordination around Li+ appears to be tetrahedral; the orientation of the coordinated water molecule is such that Li and 2D occupy three tetrahedral positions about oxygen.

Excess Gibbs energy of mixing of the systems H2O-LiCl-Na2SO4 and H2O-CsCl-Na2SO4 at 25�C

The osmotic coefficients of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride+sodium sulfate and cesium chloride+sodium sulfate at 25°C have been measured. Interaction coefficients have been calculated and also the excess Gibbs energy of mixing. A correlation is found between the binary interaction coefficients and the Pauling cation radius of the alkali halide component.

The mean activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in aqueous lithium chloride solution as a function of temperature and acid molality

By means of high precision e.m.f. measurements in cells without liquid junction the mean activity coefficients of hydrochloric acid γHCl in aqueous LiCl solution have been determined as a function of acid molality over the temperature range 0–60°C. Data processing by suitable smoothing procedures has enabled a further increase in precision and reliability of the γHCl data to be achieved. The values corresponding to virtually zero acid molality and, in addition, data for the apparent ionic diameter of the hydrochloric acid system have been evaluated with the Debye-Hückel equation.

The temperature dependence of the salt error of the quinhydrone electrode in aqueous lithium chloride solution

Summary From e.m.f. measurements in cells without liquid junction the temperature dependence of the salt error of the quinhydrone electrode, which corresponds to the temperature function of the ratio of the molal activity coefficients of quinone and hydroquinone, has been determined in1 molal LiCl solution over the temperature range 0°–60°C.

The temperature dependence of the salt error of the quinhydrone electrode in aqueous lithium chloride solution

The temperature dependence of the salt error of the quinhydrone electrode in aqueous lithium chloride solution

The mean activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in aqueous lithium chloride solution as a function of temperature and acid molality

The mean activity coefficient of hydrochloric acid in aqueous lithium chloride solution as a function of temperature and acid molality

Comparison of Shear and Conductivity Relaxation Times for Concentrated Lithium Chloride Solutions

Shear viscosity measurements over the temperature interval 23 –− 124 °C (5×10−2– 108 P) and shear impedance measurements at 88 MHz over the interval −75–−130°C have been performed for concentrated aqueous lithium chloride solutions in the concentration range R=4.49 – 5.77 where R is the mole ratio of water to salt. Average shear relaxation times, 〈 τs 〉, have been calculated from these results and compared with average conductivity relaxation times, 〈 τσ 〉, reported previously by Moynihan, Bressel, and Angell. 〈 τs 〉 and 〈 τσ 〉 are within 30% of one another at the low viscosity end ( ∼104 P) of the range of comparison, but at higher viscosities the 〈τs 〉/〈τσ 〉 ratio becomes significantly larger than unity (2–3 at the highest viscosities for which data are available). Estimated 〈τs 〉/〈τσ 〉 ratios for other ionic liquids suggest that the occurrence of 〈τs 〉/〈τσ 〉 ratios greater than unity at high visosities may be a common phenomenon. Description of the shear relaxation process for concentrated LiCl—H2O solutions is found to require a fairly broad, asymmetric (Cole—Davidson) distribution of relaxation times.

Hydrogen chloride partial pressure of dilute hydrogen chloride-concentrated lithium chloride aqueous solutions

Hydrogen chloride partial pressure of dilute hydrogen chloride-concentrated lithium chloride aqueous solutions

Hammett acidity function in concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid–lithium chloride

The Hammett acidity function in hydrochloric acid–lithium chloride aqueous solutions, at 25·0 °C has been measured at various ionic strengths (µ). The H0-value is very sensitive to the ionic strength. H0+ log CH+ is not a constant but a plot thereof against CH+(at constant ionic strength) is linear and a set of such plots, for different µ-values, are parallel. At a given acid concentration: H0=Lµ+ constant (the constant is almost zero). Other relationships are presented and discussed.

A Spectrophotometric Study of Trivalent Actinide Complexes in Solution. IV. Americium with Chloride Ligands

AbstractThe light absorption spectra of americium(III) in ethanolic and concentrated aqueous lithium chloride solutions, and in long‐chain alkylammonium chloride solutions in aromatic diluents were obtained, as well as those of certain solid double salts and complexes. A strong 5f6 → 5f56d1 transition was observed in the aqueous solutions at 235 nm (42,500 cm−1), and from the dependence of the intensity of this and the 503 nm (19,880 cm−1) band, on the effective chloride activity, the stability constants of the inner sphere complexes: AmCl2+, logβ1* = −2.21± 0.08, and AmCl2+, log β2* = −4.70 ± 0.08, were determined. The spectrum of the long‐chain amine extracts is comparable to that of solids of the composition AmCl3 · 2N(C4H9)4Cl · × LiCl, and the nature of the extracts and of this and similar solids is discussed.

Nuclear Spin–Lattice Relaxation in LiCl Solutions

The concentration dependence of the 7Li and 2H relaxation rates in aqueous lithium chloride solutions gives insight into the structure of this electrolyte solution. An abrupt change in the relaxation rates at a concentration which we call the “break point” indicates that the solutions have a different structure above and below this break-point concentration. Below the break point, the evidence suggests that the Li+ ion is surrounded by a symmetric hydration “complex,” where the lithium–oxygen nuclear separation is approximately 1.74 Å.

Distribution of Single Anions between Carbon Tetrachloride Solutions of High Molecular Weight Tertiary Ammonium Salts and Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solutions

Distribution of Single Anions between Carbon Tetrachloride Solutions of High Molecular Weight Tertiary Ammonium Salts and Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solutions

The Distribution of Lithium Chloride and Tracer Lithium Bromide between Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solution and Benzene Solution of a Quaternary Ammonium Chloride

The Distribution of Lithium Chloride and Tracer Lithium Bromide between Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solution and Benzene Solution of a Quaternary Ammonium Chloride

Distribution of metal chlorides between tri-n-butyl phosphate and aqueous solutions of lithium chloride

The distribution of tracer quantities of manganese (II), cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II) and zinc (II) between tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) and aqueous solutions of lithium chloride has been studied. A striking parallelism between TBP extraction behavior and anion-exchange sorption is discussed.

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE OF URIDINE NUCLEOTIDE-PEPTIDES FROM AEROBACTER CLOACAE NRC 492

Four closely related uridine nucleotide-peptides isolated from ethanol extracts of penicillin-treated Aerobacter cloacae NRC 492 have been partially characterized. Fractionation of dialyzed extracts on Dowex-1-Cl columns with aqueous lithium chloride solutions, precipitation of the nucleotide-peptides with methanol–acetone, and further separation by paper chromatography and high voltage electrophoresis yielded (a) UDP-GNAc-lact.L-ala.D-glu.meso-dap.D-ala,* (b) UDP-GNAc-lact.L-ala.D-glu.meso-dap, (c) UDP-GNAc-lact.L-ala.D-glu., and (d) UDP-GNAc-lactic acid. The amino acid isomers were identified by micro-enzymic and chromatographic methods.

Electrolytic Separation of Lithium Isotopes in Aqueous Solutions of Lithium Chloride Using a Mercury Cathode.

The separation factor, alpha , for lithium isotopes in the electrolysis of aqueous solutions of lithium chloride at a streaming mercury cathode was investigated as a function of temperature, current density, and electrolyte concentration. The highest separation factor, 1.056 plus or minus 0.004 was obtained in 9.6M LiCl at 5 deg C nt a current density of 0.5 tion factor in 9.6M LiCl, a difference in activation energy of about --75 cal/mole was found. (auth)

ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE OF URIDINE NUCLEOTIDE-PEPTIDES FROM AEROBACTER CLOACAE NRC 492

Four closely related uridine nucleotide-peptides isolated from ethanol extracts of penicillin-treated Aerobacter cloacae NRC 492 have been partially characterized. Fractionation of dialyzed extracts on Dowex-1-Cl columns with aqueous lithium chloride solutions, precipitation of the nucleotide-peptides with methanol–acetone, and further separation by paper chromatography and high voltage electrophoresis yielded (a) UDP-GNAc-lact.L-ala.D-glu.meso-dap.D-ala,* (b) UDP-GNAc-lact.L-ala.D-glu.meso-dap, (c) UDP-GNAc-lact.L-ala.D-glu., and (d) UDP-GNAc-lactic acid. The amino acid isomers were identified by micro-enzymic and chromatographic methods.

Mg-Li系軽合金中のLi定量について（第1報）

To determine the content of lithium in magnesium-lithium alloys, lithium was precipitated in saturated aqueous lithium chloride solution as Li·Ni·(UO2)3·(C2H3O2)9·nH2O, and determined gravimetrically by the following formula.(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.) Presence of magnesium, aluminium and zinc, if less than ten milligrams, did not interfere with the determination of lithium within the range of 0.1∼1 milligram. Thus, the quantity of lithium in magnesium-lithium alloys could be determined without the separation of lithium from the mother element.

A STUDY OF THE HEAT CAPACITY AND RELATED THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF LITHIUM CHLORIDE, HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AT 25°1

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA STUDY OF THE HEAT CAPACITY AND RELATED THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF LITHIUM CHLORIDE, HYDROCHLORIC ACID AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AT 25°1Frank T. Gucker Jr. and Karl H. SchminkeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 4, 1358–1373Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01343a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

CCCXV.—The apparent hydration of ions. Part II. The densities and viscosities of some mixed aqueous solutions of lithium chloride and hydrochloric acid

CCCXV.—The apparent hydration of ions. Part II. The densities and viscosities of some mixed aqueous solutions of lithium chloride and hydrochloric acid