Aqueous Extract Of Psidium Guajava Research Articles

Comparative Hypolipidaemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Psidium guajava Leaves and Ascorbic Acid in Male Rats

Comparative Hypolipidaemic Effect of Aqueous Extract of Psidium guajava Leaves and Ascorbic Acid in Male Rats

EVALUATING THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL PATHOGENS

Four plants were screened for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella species by the disc diffusion assay. The aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava, Citrus limonium, Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale were found active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Guava leaves were found more effective against B. subtilis while Garlic cloves inhibited the growth of S. aureus to greater extent. On the other hand lemon juice and leaves extract inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa and E. coli respectively to high level. These data support the use of such plants based medicines in treatment of infectious diseases where access to commercial antibiotics is restricted. The plants extracts are active against human microbial pathogens thus emerging as potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds. The present investigation expresses that plants have great potential as antimicrobial compounds against microorganisms. These findings provide scientific evidence to support the traditional medicinal uses of these extracts and indicate a promising potential of these plants for medicinal purposes. Thus they can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria. Further in vivo studies are necessary to substantiate our findings. More importantly there is need for detailed scientific study of traditional medical practices to ensure that valuable therapeutic knowledge of plants is preserved and also to provide scientific evidence for their efficacy.

Phytochemical screening in vitro antioxidant activity of psidium guajava

Free radicals or Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of highly reactive molecules derived from the metabolism of oxygen is believed to be involved in many health disorders. ROS including superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide molecules are often generated as by products of biological reactions or from exogenous factors. Antioxidant-based drugs and formulations for the prevention and treatment of complex diseases have attracted a great deal of research interest in natural antioxidants. It is necessary to screen medicinal plants for their antioxidant potential. Determination of phytochemical constituents like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, chlorophyll and carotenoids and various tests like reducing power, ferric reducing antioxidant power, linoleic acid assay, DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays for evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava (Guava) leaves were carried out. It was found that the methanolic extracts showed greater amount of phytochemicals and higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extracts. Present results indicate that guava is a good candidate for development of new nutraceuticals for treatment of diseases like diabetes. However, in vivo studies to determine the antioxidant potential of the plant should be conducted before they can be recommended as nutritional substitutes.

Protective effect of Psidium guajava in arsenic-induced oxidative stress and cytological damage in rats

This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves against sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in experimental rats. Animals were divided into four groups. Control group received arsenic free distilled water and three treatment groups (II, III, and IV) exposed to the arsenic (NaAsO2) (20 mg/kg b.wt) through drinking water. Group III and IV were administered a daily oral dose of P. guajava leaf extract 50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt. (AEPG50 and AEPG100) for the period of 6 weeks. Blood samples and organs were collected at the end of the experiment. Arsenic exposure resulted in significant rise in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels in erythrocyte, liver, kidney, and brain. In addition toxin decreased (P<0.05) the level of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the studied tissues. Residual effect of arsenic in various tissues was also observed. Histopathological results revealed mild to severe type of necrosis and degenerative changes in kidney and liver of arsenic intoxicated animals. Cytological alteration in brain tissue was also observed. Treatment with AEPG100 (aqueous extract of P. guajava) @100 mg/kg body weight) significantly restored activities of oxidative stress markers like LPO levels, GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities but having the limited protective activity of the herbal extract was observed on tissues architecture. It is therefore concluded that prophylactic co-administration of AEPG could provide specific protection from oxidative injury and to some extent on tissue damage.

Antiproliferative activity of aqueous extract of Piper betle L. and Psidium guajava L. on KB and HeLa cell lines

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of the aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava and Piper betle plants on the proliferation of cancerous cell lines, that is, KB and HeLa cell line. Using the neutral red cytotoxicity assay, the IC(50) of P. guajava and P. betle were determined at 29.0 +/- 0.4 and 29.5 +/- 0.3 mu g/ml, respectively, indicating both plant extracts equally potent for the treatment of cancerous oral epidermal lesions. However, a less potent anti-proliferative activity was recorded by P. guajava towards HeLa cell line with an IC(50) of 51.0 +/- 0.6 mu g/ml, whereas P. betle extract did not affect the proliferation of HeLa.

Action Mechanism and Signal Pathways of Psidium guajava L. Aqueous Extract in Killing Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells

Aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. budding leaves (PE) has been shown to possess anti-prostate cancer activity in a cell line model. We examined whether its bioactivity could be conserved either in the presence or the absence of synthetic androgen R1881. In both cases, PE was shown to inhibit LNCaP cell proliferation and down-regulate expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA). The cytotoxicity of PE was shown by enhanced LDH release in LNCaP cells. The flow cytometry analysis revealed cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 phase with huge amount of apoptotic LNCaP cells after treatment with PE for 48 h in a dose-responsive manner, which was also confirmed by TUNEL assay. From the results of decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, inactivation of phosphor-Akt, activation of phosphor-p38, phospho-Erk1/phospho-Erk2, the molecular action mechanism of PE to induce apoptosis in LNCaP cells was elucidated. Compatible with the in vitro study findings, treatment with PE (1.5 mg/mouse/day) significantly diminished both the PSA serum levels and tumor size in a xenograft mouse tumor model. Conclusively, PE is a promising anti-androgen-sensative prostate cancer agent.

Effect of Aqueous Extract of Psidium Guajava Leaves on Liver Enzymes, Histological Integrity and Hematological Indices in Rats.

BackgroundSerum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin and total protein levels, as well as the tissue histological assay are known to be useful in assessing the functional integrity of the liver. Also, assessment of red and white blood cells count, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations is useful in determining the effect of some chemical substances on hemotopoietic system. In recent times, reports from medicinal plants research indicate that extracts from some plants are both hepatotoxic and hematotoxic, while others on the other hand are reported to be hepatoprotective and hematopoietic in action. This study considers the effects of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava (P. guajava) leaves on the histology and biochemical indices of liver function as well as hematological indices in rats.MethodsIn this study, phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of P. guajava leaves was carried out. Also, male and female rats were administered with 200 mg/kg body weight oral daily doses of aqueous extract of P. guajava leaves for a period of 30 days. At the end of the administration period, the rats were anaesthesized with chloroform vapors and dissected for the collection of blood and liver tissues which were used for the hematopoietic and liver functions investigations.ResultsPreliminary phytochemical analysis of the plant leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenols, reducing compounds, saponins and tannins. Liver function tests revealed that the serum ALT, AST and ALP, as well as the concentrations of total protein and albumin in male and female rats were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the oral administration of the extract. Histopathological study also did not show any adverse alteration in the morphological architecture of the liver tissues in both sexes of the animal model. However, red blood cell counts, hemotocrit and hemoglobin concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) on administration of the extract in both male and female rats. It was therefore observed that the effect of the extract on male rats was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that obtained for the female rats.ConclusionsThe results of this present study suggested that aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves may be hepatoprotective, and not hepatotoxic, with hematopoietic potentials in both male and female rats. These findings are therefore of clinical importance given the various reported medicinal potentials of the plant.

Effects of indigenous medicinal plants of Bangladesh on blood glucose level and neuropathic pain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

We investigated the effect of freshly prepared aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava, Momordica charantia, Coccinia indica leaves and their combination on blood glucose level and neuropathic pain in hyperglycemic rats. Streptozotocin (STZ; 65 mg/kg, Iv) was injected to albino rats to induce diabetes. Oral administration of freshly prepared aqueous extracts of each of the leaves and their combination were given to STZ-induced diabetic rats until 8 weeks after the STZ injection at a dosage of 500 mg/kg bwt/day. Oral glucose tolerance test to follow the changes in blood glucose and von Frey test to evaluate the tactile allodynia were performed to investigate the antidiabetic effects. Treatment with these freshly prepared leaf aqueous extracts significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Blood glucose lowering effect of the combination treatment was significantly greater than individual treatments (p < 0.01). Oral glucose tolerance test also showed the improvement of glucose tolerance by each extracts (p < 0.001). These effects were significantly greater in the combination treatment group over the individual treatment groups (p < 0.01). STZ-induced loss of body weight was attenuated by the individual and their combination treatment (p < 0.02). Diabetic rats developed stable tactile allodynia measured by von Frey test. Treatment with these freshly prepared leaf aqueous extracts significantly improved tactile allodynia in diabetic rats (p < 0.01). Effect of the combination treatment on tactile allodynia was also significantly greater than individual treatments (p < 0.05). These data suggest beneficial effect of freshly prepared aqueous extracts of P. guajava, M. charantia and C. indica leaves on hyperglycemic and neuropathic pain. Their combination therapy works better against hyperglycemia and neuropathy of STZ-induced diabetes rats. Therefore, the use of these plants as antidiabetics in folkloric medicine is justified.

The polyphenolics in the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava kinetically reveal an inhibition model on LDL glycation

Guava [Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae)] budding leaf extract (PE) has shown tremendous bioactivities. Previously, we found seven major compounds in PE, i.e., gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, quercetin, naringenin, and kaempferol. PE showed a potentially active antiglycative effect in an LDL (low density lipoprotein) mimic biomodel, which can be attributed to its large content of polyphenolics. The glycation and antiglycative reactions showed characteristic distinct four-phase kinetic patterns. In the presence of PE, the kinetic coefficients were 0.000438, 0.000060, 0.000, and −0.0001354 ABS-mL/mg-min, respectively, for phases 1 to 4. Computer simulation evidenced the dose-dependent inhibition model. Conclusively, PE contains a large amount of polyphenolics, whose antiglycative bioactivity fits the inhibition model.

Molecular Action Mechanism against Apoptosis by Aqueous Extract from Guava Budding Leaves Elucidated with Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell (HUVEC) Model

Chronic cardiovascular and neurodegenerative complications induced by hyperglycemia have been considered to be associated most relevantly with endothelial cell damages (ECD). The protective effects of the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. budding leaves (PE) on the ECD in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) model were investigated. Results revealed that glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO) resulting from the glycative and autoxidative reactions of the high blood sugar glucose (G) evoked a huge production of ROS and NO, which in turn increased the production of peroxynitrite, combined with the activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), leading to cell apoptosis. High plasma glucose activated p38-MAPK, and high GO increased the expressions of p38-MAPK and JNK-MAPK, whereas high MGO levels induced the activity of ERK-MAPK. Glucose and dicarbonyl compounds were all found to be good inducers of intracellular PKCs, which together with MAPK acted as the upstream triggering factor to activate NFkappaB. Conclusively, high plasma glucose together with dicarbonyl compounds can trigger the signaling pathways of MAPK and PKC and induce cell apoptosis through ROS and peroxynitrite stimulation and finally by NFkappaB activation. Such effects of PE were ascribed to its high plant polyphenolic (PPP) contents, the latter being potent ROS inhibitors capable of blocking the glycation of proteins, which otherwise could have brought forth severe detrimental effects to the cells.

Role of LIBS in Elemental Analysis of Psidium guajava Responsible for Glycemic Potential

The present study deals with the detection of elements responsible for glycemic potential of ripe and unripe fruit peel aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava (P. guajava). Treatment with the aqueous extract of unripe fruit peel showed a significant fall of 17.5% (p<0.001) in blood glucose levels (BGLs) of normal rats during fasting blood glucose (FBG) test with a dose of 400 mg/kg bw. In sub‐diabetic rats, a fall of 19.8% (p<0.001) was observed with the same dose during a glucose tolerance test (GTT). The significant fall observed in FBG, post prandial glucose (PPG) and urine sugar levels of severely diabetic rats was 20.7%, 17.5% (p<0.05), and 66.6% (p<0.01), respectively. On the contrary, the effect of ripe fruit peel aqueous extract showed a regular rise of 24.4% (p<0.01) in BGL of normal rats and of 90.0% (p<0.001) in sub‐diabetic rats. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used for the identification of elements responsible for the glycemic potential of fruit peel aqueous extracts of P. guajava. Concentration of Mg was found higher in unripe fruit peel aqueous extract than in the ripe fruit peel aqueous extract whereas the concentration of K was found lower in the extract of unripe fruit peel than in the extract of ripe fruit peel. Thus, the LIBS results help in defining the role of Mg and K in diabetes management. However, the concentrations of other minerals, like Na, N, O, and C, are nearly the same in both of the extracts.

Avaliação das variáveis analíticas do método de Folin-Ciocalteu para determinação do teor de taninos totais utilizando como modelo o extrato aquoso de folhas de psidium guajava L.

The main analytical variables of a modified Folin-Ciocalteu method were studied by UV-Vis and gradient HPLC-PDA methods, using purified (PC) and technical grade (TGC) casein. Rutin and an aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. leaves were used as models. The best results were ascribed to TGC. Certainly PC bonds the polyphenols of the P. guajava extract better than TGC, but TGC afforded better precision. A lack of specificity occurred when rutin was analyzed together with the P guajava extract. Additional analyses performed with the flavonoid fraction of P. guajava extract by HPLC-PDA had confirmed that casein was able to bind catechin, gallic acid and P. guajava flavonoids in a non-specific way.

Brain Derived Metastatic Prostate Cancer DU-145 Cells Are Effectively Inhibited In Vitro by Guava (Psidium gujava L.) Leaf Extracts

: The aqueous extract of Psidium guajava L. (PE) inhibited the cancer cell DU-145 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. At 1.0 mg/mL, PE reduced the viability of PCa DU-145 (the androgen independent PCa cells) to 36.1 and 3.59%, respectively after 48 h and 72 h of incubations. The absolute cell viability suppressing capability (VSC)AC could reach 262.5 cells-mL-h/mg on exposure to PE for 72 h, corresponding to the safe ranges, i.e. the percent viability suppressing rates (PVSR) of 2.72 and 2.41 folds for DU-145 comparing to PZ-HPV-7 cells when treated with PE at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL respectively for 72 h. In addition, the colony forming capability of DU-145 cells was apparently lowered. The suppressing rates of which reached 8.09 and 5.96 colony/mg/day for D-145 and PZ-HPV-7 cells, respectively within the concentration range of PE at 0.1 ∼ 0.25 mg/mL. Cell cycle arrests at G0/G1 phase in both cells were observed by TUNEL assay and flow cytometric analysis, yet more prominently evident in DU-145. In addition, suppression of the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and the upregulation of active caspase-3 at 0.10 to 1.0 mg/mL in DU-145 were also effected in a dose-dependent manner by PE at 0.25 to 1.0 mg/mL, implicating a potent anti-metastasis power of PE. Conclusively, we ascribe the anticancer activity of PE to its extraordinarily high polyphenolic (165.61 ± 10.39 mg/g) and flavonoid (82.85 ± 0.22 mg/g) contents. Furthermore, PE might be useful for treatment of brain derived metastatic cancers such as DU-145, acting simultaneously as both a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic.

Contractile effect of the aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaves on aortic rings in rat

Aqueous leaves extract of Psidium guajava significantly and dose-dependently (0.25–2 mg/ml) contracted aorta rings. The effect was evaluated also in presence of nifedipine and phentolamine. The sensitivity of the aortic rings to cumulative doses of P. guajava was significantly enhanced in the presence of phentolamine suggesting that the effect of P. guajava was to a large extent mediated by activation of α-adrenoceptor and to a lesser extent by acting via calcium ion channel.

Inhibitory effect of some selected nutraceutic herbs on LDL glycation induced by glucose and glyoxal

Anti-LDL glycative agents were investigated using aqueous extracts of Psidium guajava L. (PE), Toona sinensis Roem. (TE), Momordica charantia L. (ME) and Graptopetalum paragugayene E. Walther (GE). Concentrations of extracts 0.01–0.625 mg/mL, low density lipoprotein (LDL; 100 μg protein/mL) and inducers glucose (400 mM) and glyoxal (2.5 mM) were incubated at 37 °C. Evaluation parameters involved the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), conjugated dienes (CD), relative electrophoretic mobility (REM), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability and total polyphenolic content. Results for anti-TBARS efficiency (in%) were PE (75.77), TE (75.10), ME (68.81) and GE (19.81) at 0.5 mg/mL, respectively, when induced by glucose; 36.68, 35.60, 32.62 and inactive, respectively, by glyoxal. The lag times for CD formation (in min) were: 289 and 125 by PE and TE, respectively, comparing to the control (45). REM was 1.6 with respect to PE (0.1 mg/mL) compared to the control (4.2). PE at 0.01 mg/mL effectively inhibited with 63.45% efficiency on AGEs induced by glucose. We conclude that PE virtually is a potent antiglycative agent, which can be of great value in the preventive glycation-associated cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases.