Aqueous Alcohol Mixtures Research Articles

Advances in Extraction, Structure, and Physiochemical Properties of Sorghum Kafirin for Biomaterial Applications: A Review.

Kafirin is an endosperm-specific hydrophobic protein found in sorghum grain and the waste by-product from sorghum biorefineries known as sorghum dried distillers' grain with solubles (DDGS). Because of kafirin's poor nutritional profile (negative nitrogen balance, slow digestibility, and lack of some essential amino acids), its direct human use as a food is restricted. Nevertheless, increased focus on biofuel production from sorghum grain has triggered a new wave of research to use sorghum DDGS kafirin as a food-grade protein for biomaterials with diverse applications. These applications result from kafirin's unique chemical nature: high hydrophobicity, evaporation-induced self-assembling capacity, elongated conformation, water insolubility, and low digestibility. Aqueous alcohol mixtures have been widely used for the extraction of kafirin. The composition, structure, extraction methodologies, and physiochemical properties of kafirin, emphasising its biomaterial functionality, are discussed in detail in this review. The literature survey reveals an in-depth understanding of extraction methodologies and their impact on structure functionality, which could assist in formulating materials of kafirin at a commercial scale. Ongoing research continues to explore the potential of kafirin and optimise its utilisation as a functional biomaterial, highlighting its valuable structural and physicochemical properties. Further studies should focus on covering gaps in the research as some of the current structural understanding comes from data on zein protein from maize.

Solubility Determination, Solvent Effect, Thermodynamic Modeling, and Preferential Solvation of 2-Cyanoacetamide in Four Aqueous Binary Mixtures of Alcohols

Solubility Determination, Solvent Effect, Thermodynamic Modeling, and Preferential Solvation of 2-Cyanoacetamide in Four Aqueous Binary Mixtures of Alcohols

Predicting CO2 solubility in aqueous and organic electrolyte solutions with ePC-SAFT advanced

Solvent influence and salt influence on CO2 solubility are essential factors toward the development of processes involving CO2 conversion. In this work, the equation of state (EOS) electrolyte Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (ePC-SAFT advanced) was applied to model the CO2 solubility in single organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, γ-valerolactone, and acetonitrile). Further, CO2 solubility was predicted in aqueous solvent mixtures and in aqueous electrolyte solutions (NaCl, KCl, CsCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, NaNO3, KNO3, Mg(NO3)2, Ca(NO3)2, Na2SO4, K2SO4, MgSO4, NaHCO3, and K2CO3) with water as single solvent as well as in aqueous alcoholic solvent mixtures. CO2 solubility in systems with a lack of data (CsCl) was measured in this work with a high-pressure variable-volume view cell. Broad ranges of temperatures, pressures, and high concentrations of electrolytes were considered, and solvent effects, ion effects, and pH effects were studied. The nature of the considered systems required including dissociation reactions of carbonic acid in the modeling framework, most importantly for the systems containing carbonate salts. The results showed that i) CO2 solubility was the highest in non-polar solvents, ii) all salts caused salting-out effects on the CO2 solubility except carbonates (an apparent salting-in due to a pH shift), and that iii) the strength of salting-out effect was related to the charge density of the ions. The salt influence on CO2 solubility was predicted qualitatively correct with ePC-SAFT advanced; that is, fitting binary interaction parameters between ions and CO2 was not necessary, which is a result found for the first time. Finally, ePC-SAFT advanced allowed predicting the CO2 solubility in multi-component systems containing solvent mixtures, salt mixtures, or a solvent mixture with an additional salt over a broad range of conditions in good agreement with available literature data.

STRUCTURE OF CORNEL CORNEL FRUITS ANTHOCYANS (CORNUS MAS)

The composition of common dogwood fruits anthocyanins was determined using reverse-phase HPLC with spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection. A procedure for determining the structure of individual components of extracts including 3-galactosides of delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin and 3-robinobiosides (3-rhamnosylgalactosides) of cyanidin and pelargonidin has been described. It was found that the content of delphinidin-3-galactoside, as well as both 3-robinobiosides, may be insignificant when cyanidin and pelargonidin 3-galactosides predominate. For the studied fruits, the level of accumulation of anthocyanins can reach (depending on color intensity) 46 mg per 100 g of fresh fruit, while the concentration of anthocyanins in the peel of fruits is significantly higher - more than 390 mg per 100 g. When developing an exhaustive extraction of anthocyanins, a peculiarity of dogwood fruits was established, which consists in the fact that extraction of anthocyanins by 0.1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, unlike a large number of other natural sources studied, is practically impossible. The problem can be solved only by extraction with acidified aqueous-alcoholic mixtures when the ethanol content in the extractant is more than 30 vol.%, which indicates the high affinity of fruit pulp components to anthocyanins.

How Important Is the Internal Hydrophobicity of Metal-Organic Frameworks for the Separation of Water/Alcohol Mixtures?

Short-chain alcohols obtained by fermentation will play a key role in the industrial transformation toward green chemistry because of their use as fuel additives and fuels or for their conversion into olefins. The fermentation broth is often a highly diluted aqueous solution that requires separation, for instance, by liquid phase adsorption in nanoporous materials. However, entropy effects that prefer the adsorption of water might significantly reduce the separation efficiency─even in nanoporous materials with internal hydrophobicity. In this paper, we investigate this assumption by a case study on the separation of aqueous alcohol mixtures by liquid phase adsorption in CAU-10─an ultramicroporous metal-organic framework with internal hydrophobicity─using adsorption experiments and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations to predict both the unary gas adsorption isotherms of ethanol, n-butanol, or water as well as the multicomponent liquid phase adsorption isotherms of their mixtures. It was observed that separation from the liquid phase is commonly driven by entropy effects and strong interactions between the guest molecules─both favoring the adsorption of water and thus complicating the separation of fermentation product by adsorption─while the internal hydrophobicity of CAU-10 is of comparatively little importance.

Extractability of Curcuminoids Is Enhanced with Milk and Aqueous-Alcohol Mixtures.

In this study, we evaluated the extractability of three curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin) from turmeric powder in several solvents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the diode-array detection method. These solvents include water, milk (homogenized, 2% reduced fat, low fat, fat free, soy, almond, coconut, and milkadamia), and aqueous ethanols (0%, 4%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 100%). Ambient water was able to extract only 0.55 mg/g of curcuminoids, whereas warm water extracted more than four-fold higher amounts (2.42 mg/g). Almond, coconut, and milkadamia milk were able to extract only small amounts of curcuminoids at ambient temperatures (0.01–0.07 mg/g). The extractability of curcuminoids in these milk types did not improve, even in warm conditions (0.08–0.37 mg/g). Whereas dairy and soy milk extracted 6.76–9.75 mg/g of curcuminoids under ambient conditions, their extractability increased significantly in warm conditions by 30–100% higher (11.7–14.9 mg/g). The solubility of curcuminoids also varied remarkably in different proportions of aqueous-alcohol mixtures. With 4% ethanol, only 1.7 mg/g of curcuminoids were extracted, and the amounts improved with the increase in ethanol content up to 50% (32.2 mg/g), while 100% ethanol extracted a similar amount as 50% ethanol (34.2 mg/g). This study suggests that the extractability of curcuminoids from turmeric will be dependent on the type of diets consumed with the turmeric supplements.

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Solubility and Preferential Solvation of the Natural Product Vanillic Acid in Some Aqueous Mixtures of Alcohols at Different Temperatures

Thermodynamic Modeling of the Solubility and Preferential Solvation of the Natural Product Vanillic Acid in Some Aqueous Mixtures of Alcohols at Different Temperatures

An Insight into the Molecular Interactions of Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Aqueous-Alcoholic Mixtures at Different Temperatures through Ultrasonic Velocity Study

An Insight into the Molecular Interactions of Ranitidine Hydrochloride in Aqueous-Alcoholic Mixtures at Different Temperatures through Ultrasonic Velocity Study

Preferential Solvation of 4-Carboxyl-2, 6-Dinitrophenylazohydroxynaphthalenes in Mixed Hydroxylic Solvents

Background: The applications of a group of 4-carboxyl-2,6-dintrophenylazohydroxynaphathalenes, AZ-01 to 04, as colourants, chemosensors or synthetic intermediates have been limited by their solubility.Aim: To investigate the effect of solvent mixture composition on the solubility, solution thermodynamics and position of equilibrium processes of the dyes.Method: The UV-visible spectral patterns of the dyes in binary mixtures including Methanol:Water, Ethanol:Water, Methanol:Ethanol, Methanol:Propan-1-ol, Methanol:Propan-2-ol, Propan-1-ol:Water and Propan-2-ol:Water were acquired. The type and quantitative estimation of solute-solvent interactions at play were determined by fitting spectral patterns to solvent parameters using multilinear regression.Results: Preferential solvation was detected by the non-ideality of the plots of E12 as against the mole fractions of co-solvent in all binary mixtures. In pure solvents, the spectral shifts of AZ-01, 03 and 04, which exist predominantly in the hydrazone form, were affected by polarity of solvent milieu while solvent basicity and acidity, in that order, were the significant parameters for AZ-02. In aqueous alcoholic mixtures, solvent polarity was contributory, although to different degrees, to the observed spectral data of the four dyes. However, solvent acidity and basicity were the primary determinants of spectral shifts observed with AZ-04 and AZ-03 respectively. Spectra-structure relationships identified the formation of the charged hydrazone tautomer which requires stabilisation by polar solvent milieu as responsible for the observed trend. In addition, interactions between new aggregated solvent-solvent species and the propionic acid substituent present in AZ-03 contributed to its spectral shifts.Conclusion: The solvatochromic properties of the phenylazonaphthalene series in binary mixtures have been successfully studied.

Ion-solvent interaction of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and isopropanol in a quaternary aqueous two phase system for the efficient partitioning of vanillin and L-tryptophan

A novel quaternary aqueous biphasic system (ABS) composed of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Dmim]Cl), 2-propanol, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4) was determined at 298.15 K, and impact of 2-propanol:[Dmim]Cl mass ratio on the partition of L-tryptophan and vanillin, was investigated systematically. Additionally, the ion-association and solvation behavior of the ionic liquid in a solution of the aqueous-alcoholic mixture was investigated using the electrical conductivity measurement and analyzed with the low-concentration chemical model (lcCM). It is found that ion-association phenomena govern significantly at the top phase, and biomolecules affinity enhanced where it solvated completely by the ionic liquid. The hybrid ion-interaction and solvation model (HIS) coupled with the UNIQUAC model, was implemented to fit liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data and investigate the ion-solvent interaction of ionic and nonionic compounds. The interaction parameter's analysis of the HIS-UNIQUAC model declared the great solvation for the ionic liquid at the bottom phase. At the 2-propanol:[Dmim]Cl mass ratio of 3:1, the highest partition coefficient of vanillin, K = 389.4, was achieved while the highest partitioning of L-tryptophan, K = 66.5, occurs at the 2-propanol:[Dmim]Cl mass ratio of 1:10, respectively. The partition behavior of biomolecules independently describes using the electrostatic and solvation terms of the HIS-UNIQUAC model, and in general, the activity model provided favorable agreement with theoretical concepts and experimental data.

Facile Preparation of a Laponite/PVA Mixed Matrix Membrane for Efficient and Sustainable Pervaporative Dehydration of C1-C3 Alcohols.

The exfoliation method was applied for the preparation of high-water selective mixed matrix membranes (MMMs), especially for the dehydration of C1–C3 alcohol–water solutions. Herein, a facile and easy method was employed to fabricate physically cross-linked Laponite nanosilicate clay–PVA MMMs without additional cross-linking by a one-step synthesis route for water dehydration from methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol aqueous solutions. The morphologies, chemical structures, thermal stabilities, and surface hydrophilicity of Laponite–PVA MMMs were investigated properly by different characterization techniques. The Laponite concentration has affected the fractional free volume of the membranes, as proven by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy analysis. The MMMs displayed both a significant improvement in the separation factor and remarkable enhancement in the permeation fluxes for the three alcohol systems. The influence of the operating temperature on the MMM performance was investigated for the methanol/water solution. The methanol permeability was 100-fold lower than that of the water, indicating that the membranes are more water selective. Particularly, the Laponite–PVA membrane with 5 mg/mL Laponite loading exhibits excellent separation efficiency for C1–C3 dehydration having water permeabilities higher than most other polymeric membranes from the other literature studies of 2.82, 2.08, and 1.56 mg m–1 h–1 kPa–1 for methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol/water systems, respectively. This membrane development allows a more efficient and sustainable separation of aqueous alcoholic mixtures.

Phase equilibria of ammonium scandium fluoride phases in aqueous alcohol mixtures for metal recovery by anti-solvent crystallization

This paper investigates the phase equilibria of ammonium scandium fluoride phases in pure water, aqueous NH4F solutions and in mixtures of NH4F and alcohols. The solubility of the solid phases was determined at 25 °C. It was observed that (NH4)3ScF6 transforms into NH4ScF4 when contacted with pure water for 24 h. Solid phase transformation was also noted in NH4F solutions of concentration ≤ 0.5 mol/L. At NH4F concentrations ≥ 0.8 mol/L, no phase change has been observed, and the solubility of (NH4)3ScF6 decreases with increasing NH4F concentration due to the common ion effect. In NH4F-alcohol mixtures, the solubility of (NH4)3ScF6 decreases in the order: methanol > ethanol > 1,3-propane-diol > 2-propanol. This aligns with the decrease in the effective dielectric constant of the resulting solvent mixture, which is very similar for NH4F-alcohol mixtures formed by ethanol and 1,3-propane-diol.

Bezafibrate in several aqueous mixtures of low alcohols: Solubility, solvent effect and preferential solvation

By using the saturation shake-flask method, the saturated solubility of bezafibrate in neat water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol and aqueous co-solvent mixtures of methanol (1) + water (2), ethanol (1) + water (2), isopropanol (1) + water (2) and n-propanol (1) + water (2) was experimentally acquired at temperatures from 283.15 Kto 323.15 K and local atmospheric pressure. The maximum solubility magnitudes in mole fraction were recorded in the neat solvents of methanol/ethanol/n-propanol/isopropanol for corresponding solutions. The mole fraction solubility was described mathematically by using the van’t Hoff-Jouyban-Acree and Jouyban-Acree models. The largest value of relative average deviations was 6.23%; and, root-mean-square deviations, 8.92 × 10−5. The local mole fractions of water and co-solvent (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol) around the drug bezafibrate were quantitatively investigated by the use of Inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals method. Results indicated that the bezafibrate was preferentially solvated by methanol (ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol) in alcohol-rich and intermediate compositions in the alcohol mixtures; while in water-rich compositions, bezafibrate was preferentially solvated by water. The main factors relating to solvent effect were inspected through Kamlet and Taft linear solvation energy relationships, demonstrating that the cavity formation energy and dipolarity-polarizability in methanol solutions, cavity formation energy and basicity in ethanol solutions, and cavity formation energy in n-propanol (isopropanol) solutions played the principal role upon the bezafibrate solubility variation.

Risperidone (I) in some aqueous mixtures of low alcohols: Solubility, preferential solvation and solvent effect analysis

Using the saturation shake-flask technique, the equilibrium solubility of risperidone (I) in co-solvent mixtures of methanol (1) + water (2), ethanol (1) + water (2), isopropanol (1) + water (2) and n-propanol (1) + water (2) was obtained at the temperatures from 283.15 K to 328.15 K. The solubility values in mole fraction were maximum in the neat solvents of methanol/ethanol/n-propanol/isopropanol for the four mixtures. At the same alcohol compositions and temperature, the risperidone solubility was greater in (methanol + water) mixture than in the other alcohol mixtures. They were mathematically correlated by the van’t Hoff-Jouyban-Acree and Jouyban-Acree models, obtaining relative average deviations smaller than 6.39% and root-mean-square deviations smaller than 9.74 × 10−5, respectively. The local mole fractions of methanol (ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol) and water around the risperidone (I) were quantitatively studied with the help of Inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals method in terms of the solubility data determined. Risperidone (I) was preferentially solvated by methanol (ethanol, n-propanol or isopropanol) in the mixtures studied in alcohol-rich and intermediate compositions; while in water-rich compositions, risperidone (I) was preferentially solvated by water. The main factors describing solvent effect were examined through by Kamlet and Taft linear solvation energy relationships applied to the experimental solubility data, indicating that the change in cavity formation energy and dipolarity-polarizability of the solvents played the chief role upon the variation of risperidone (I) solubility.

6-Phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone dissolved in some aqueous co-solvent mixtures of alcohols: Equilibrium solubility, solvent effect and preferential solvation

The saturated solubility of 6-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone in aqueous co-solvent mixtures of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and ethylene glycol (EG) was determined through experiment by employing the saturation shake-flask method at temperatures from 278.15 to 318.15 K and local atmospheric pressure. For all the co-solvent mixtures, the maximum value of solubility was observed in neat methanol (ethanol, isopropanol or EG). The 6-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone solubility in mole fraction scale was well correlated by using the Jouyban-Acree model and van’t Hoff-Jouyban-Acree model, obtaining the values of relative average deviations smaller than 3.98%; and root-mean-square deviation, lower than 7.81 × 10−5. The local mole fractions of methanol (ethanol, isopropanol or EG) and water nearby the 6-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone were quantitatively calculated by means of the Inverse Kirkwood-Buff integrals method. 6-Phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone was preferentially solvated by the solvent of water in water-rich compositions; while within the regions of co-solvent-rich and intermediate compositions, 6-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone was preferentially solvated by the solvent of methanol (ethanol, isopropanol or EG). The mole fraction solubility was fitted by using the Kamlet and Taft linear solvation energy relationships to inspect the key factors describing solvent effect. The variation in cavity formation energy and hydrogen-bond acidity played the chief role upon the 6-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone solubility in aqueous solutions of methanol and ethanol; and the hydrogen bond acidity and dipolarity/polarizability term, in the aqueous of mixtures isopropanol and EG .

THE STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF THE BERRIES OF THREE SPECIES OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS VACCINIUM, GROWING IN THE KHANTY-MANSI AUTONOMOUS AREA

The chemical composition of polyphenolic compounds of cranberry fruits (Vaccinium oxycoccus L.), blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), growing in the Surgut region of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra, was first studied. Fresh berries were extracted five times with an 80% aqueous-alcoholic mixture at room temperature. The obtained extracts were combined, filtered, and the solvent from the filtrate was distilled off under vacuum on a rotary evaporator. The composition of the obtained extracts by HPLC identified 15 glycosides of anthocyanidins, as well as 30 phenolic compounds related to hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, catechins and procyanidins. The phenolic compounds were identified in accordance with the retention times and absorption spectra of the corresponding analytical standards. The main phenolic compound of cranberry berry extract is chlorogenic acid. The increase in the polyphenol content in the series was established: cranberries–lingonberries– blueberries. Our data on the whole in terms of the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity are comparable with the results of a study of cranberries and blueberries from the Alaska region, not significantly differing in the content of anthocyanins and individual flavones. Significant differences in phenolic components are revealed when comparing our data with data on cranberries and cranberries from the regions of northern and eastern Europe (Poland, Belarus, Norway). The quantitative differences found for individual polyphenols are likely to be related to geographic and local environmental conditions. The high content of polyphenols in the berries we studied suggests the possibility of using them as pharmaceutical raw materials.

Wetting and evaporation on a carbon cloth type gas diffusion layer for passive direct alcohol fuel cells

Abstract Gas diffusion layers (GDL) have a crucial importance in passive air breathing direct alcohol fuel cells as they play a pivotal role in governing fuel distribution on the anode side and in preventing water flooding on the cathode side. We report here a rapid, cost-effective, ex-situ method to study the wettability of GDLs by process fluids. A commercial Teflon® treated carbon cloth featuring a single microporous layer was used, because carbon cloths are anticipated to outperform carbon paper type GDLs at high humidity and high current density. The GDL structure was characterized by SEM, 3D microCT reconstruction, and surface profilometry. Wettability by aqueous alcohol mixtures was investigated by contact angle measurement and infrared thermography. Ethanol containing fuel offered better spreading characteristics than methanol, especially on the microporous side of the GDL. The surface behaviour of water was studied by recording the evaporation profile of a sessile water droplet using time dependent contact angle measurement and simultaneous weight loss measurement and thermography. The applicability of the Teflon-containing carbon cloth as a GDL was verified by its hydrophobic behaviour and its ability to reject water. We found evidence that the first stage of water evaporation occurs in constant contact angle mode, then a wetting mode transition takes place at approx. 0.65 relative evaporation time and the evaporation proceeds in constant contact radius mode.

Solubility of monobenzone in aqueous co-solvent mixtures of several alcohols: Determination, modelling and thermodynamic aspects analysis

Investigation upon the solubility of monobenzone in aqueous co-solvent mixtures of isopropanol, n-propanol, ethylene glycol (EG) and ethanol was performed via a saturation shake-flask technique at temperatures from 283.15 K to 328.15 K under pressure of p = 101.2 kPa. Experimental solubility magnitude presented positive dependence upon the mass fraction of each co-solvent and temperature. The greatest solubility value on the mole fraction scale was observed in the neat co-solvents. The equilibrated solids with corresponding co-solvent mixtures were characterized through an X-ray power diffraction (XRD) technique, demonstrating the absence of polymorphic transformation or solvate formation. The Jouyban-Acree model was adopted to mathematically describe the monobenzone solubility data. The maximum magnitudes of RAD and RMSD were 3.17 × 10−2 and 7.64 × 10−4, respectively. The local mole fractions of isopropanol (n-propanol, EG or ethanol) and water adjacent monobenzone were quantitatively studied by the Inverse Kirkwood–Buff integrals method. The parameters of preferential solvation for the isopropanol (n-propanol, EG or ethanol) were positive in the isopropanol (n-propanol, EG or ethanol) mixtures in intermediate and alcohol-rich compositions, indicating that monobenzone was preferentially solvated by the isopropanol (n-propanol, EG or ethanol). Monobenzone mainly acted as a Lewis acid which interacted with proton-acceptor functional group of the alcohols. Furthermore, the analysis of linear solvation energy relationships was made with a suitable combination of the solvent polarity descriptors to reveal the nature of intermolecular interactions bringing about the solubility variation in the co-solvent mixtures.

A styrylpyridinium dye as chromogenic and fluorogenic dual mode chemosensor for selective detection of mercuric ion: Application in bacterial cell imaging and molecular logic gate

The present work demonstrates design, synthesis and chemosensing application of a styrylpyridinium based donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) chromophore (L1) containing NS2O2 binding site. The chemosensor L1 selectively and successfully detects Hg2+ ions both visually and spectro-photometrically in perfect aqueous medium as well as in an aqueous-alcoholic mixture. Contrary to the reported literature on mercury sensing by cyanine dye which were reported to be “turn-off” Hg2+ sensor, probe L1 shows fluorescence “turn-on” response. D-π-A chromophore L1 exhibits orange colour in aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic solutions due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) from the N, N-disubstitutedaminostyryl donor to pyridinium acceptor moiety. It shows Hg2+-specific colour change with concomitant generation of a new absorption band and large emission enhancement (~10 fold) along with a blue shift of emission peak, owing to the formation of a selective 1: 1 L1-Hg2+ complex. 1H NMR analysis reveals the binding mode of L1 with Hg2+. Hg2+ probing process was found to be reversible in presence of sulphide anion. The reversible off-on-off fluorescence response of the sensor with Hg2+ and S2− has been used to generate an INHIBIT molecular logic gate. The probe not only provides a highly efficient, low cost, portable sensor for recognition and naked-eye detection of Hg2+ with a low detection limit in aqueous solution but its turn-on fluorescence response and cell permeability offer the possibility of using it for fluorescence imaging in living cells.

Henry’s Law Constant of Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Argon in Ternary Aqueous Alcoholic Solvent Mixtures

Henry’s law constant data for nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in the ternary liquid mixture water + methanol + ethanol as well as its pure and binary solvent subsystems are reported. The composition an...