Abstract
The composition of common dogwood fruits anthocyanins was determined using reverse-phase HPLC with spectrophotometric and mass spectrometric detection. A procedure for determining the structure of individual components of extracts including 3-galactosides of delphinidin, cyanidin and pelargonidin and 3-robinobiosides (3-rhamnosylgalactosides) of cyanidin and pelargonidin has been described. It was found that the content of delphinidin-3-galactoside, as well as both 3-robinobiosides, may be insignificant when cyanidin and pelargonidin 3-galactosides predominate. For the studied fruits, the level of accumulation of anthocyanins can reach (depending on color intensity) 46 mg per 100 g of fresh fruit, while the concentration of anthocyanins in the peel of fruits is significantly higher - more than 390 mg per 100 g. When developing an exhaustive extraction of anthocyanins, a peculiarity of dogwood fruits was established, which consists in the fact that extraction of anthocyanins by 0.1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, unlike a large number of other natural sources studied, is practically impossible. The problem can be solved only by extraction with acidified aqueous-alcoholic mixtures when the ethanol content in the extractant is more than 30 vol.%, which indicates the high affinity of fruit pulp components to anthocyanins.
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