Abstract Effects of different concentrations of aqueous 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on Rosa sterilis D. shi fruits were investigated. The fruits were harvested at commercial maturity stage and treated with 1-MCP treatment at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 μL L-1 for 20 h at 25 °C in an air tight chamber along with control sample to evaluate the effect of 1-MCP concentration on its quality during storage. The result showed that postharvest treatment with 1.0 μL L-1 1-MCP suppressed the respiration rate, ethylene production rate and POD activity in Rosa sterilis D. shi fruits, inhibited the transport of reducing sugar and the increase of cellulose, delayed the increase in PPO activity, and retarded the decrease in ascorbic acid. The regulation of fibrosis process with postharvest 1.0 μL L-11-MCP treatment could be used to maintain the quality of Rosa sterilis D. shi fruits.