Swimming Pool Research Articles

Remanufacturing insulated glazing: five levers through value network mapping of two pioneering projects

Abstract In façade retrofit projects, several challenges are hindering the reuse of insulated glazing. As a result, 1.5 million tons of insulated glass units (IGUs) are being downcycled or landfilled in Europe each year. Yet, niche practices in which IGUs are remanufactured prove that recurring challenges can be tackled. Therefore, this research identifies levers to overcome challenges from two pioneering projects: the swimming pool in Stuttgart-Feuerbach (Germany) and elderly home Betsy Perk (The Netherlands). Through interviews, a detailed analysis of the IGU remanufacturing process is conducted, mapping material flows, steps of the remanufacturing process, the value network (showing roles involved and their main interactions in materials, money, and intangible flows), and specific answers to pre-specified recurring challenges. These potential levers include assigning a reuse coordinator, building a complementary network with early involvement, conducting a feasibility study, specifying reuse ambitions in the tendering documents and/or quotations, and organising the logistics pragmatically. Instead of being one-on-one solutions, the identified levers could tackle several challenges at once. Altogether the results of this study provide a better understanding of reuse practices of façade components. In further research, multiple projects will be compared allowing practitioners to overcome the recurring challenges and to increase reuse in the construction sector.

Alternative material recommendation for facade cladding: High silica-containing stonepaste ceramics

This study investigated the potential of using stonepaste ceramics, which were widely preferred as a coating and decoration material on the facades of architectural buildings in ancient times and continues to be produced on a workshop scale today as a cladding material on building facades. Stonepaste ceramics, made from a mixture prepared with a high amount of crystalline quartz as well as frit, plastic clay, and bentonite raw materials, were hand-shaped and sintered at 930 °C after glazing. The physico-mechanical properties of stonepaste ceramics, their behaviour under various environmental conditions (resistance to chemicals, frost, and thermal shock), and their microstructures have been characterized. The characterization results were compared with the properties of commonly used facade cladding materials. It was determined that stonepaste ceramics had a very low firing shrinkage value (2.84 %) compared to that of other ceramic cladding materials, a higher water absorption value (11.79 %) than that of porcelain tiles and floor tiles, and close to wall tiles, and a flexural strength value (33.64MPa) higher than wall tiles and close to porcelain tiles despite the high-water absorption value. Ten cycles of thermal shock resistance showed that the body and glaze layer of the stonepaste ceramic material are well bonded to each other, and there is no significant thermal expansion mismatch between them. One hundred cycles of freeze-thaw conditions indicated that the stonepaste ceramic had good adhesion and thermal expansion compatibility between the glaze and the body but only chipping damage under the action of tensile forces caused by the freezing of water entering the pores of the body. In terms of behaviour against various chemicals, stonepaste ceramics were found to be highly resistant to high and low concentrations of household chemicals, swimming pool salts, and alkalis but less resistant to low concentrations of HCl and citric acid and high concentrations of HCl and lactic acid compared to other chemicals. The results show that stonepaste ceramics, despite their high-water absorption potential, have properties close to those of traditional ceramic tiles and, like these materials, can serve for significant periods in various environmental conditions when used as facade cladding. Consequently, it has been revealed that stonepaste ceramics can be used as a facade cladding material in sustainable, long-lasting, contemporary architectural facades thanks to their technical and protective properties.

237 Airborne trichloramine in Swedish indoor swimming pools

237 Airborne trichloramine in Swedish indoor swimming pools

93 Chloroform exposure in air and water in Swedish indoor swimming pools - urine as a biomarker of occupational exposure

93 Chloroform exposure in air and water in Swedish indoor swimming pools - urine as a biomarker of occupational exposure

재난안전관리체계 평가모형을 활용한 다중이용시설 안전관리 사례 연구

This study was conducted on the safety management of multi-use facilities using a disaster safety management system evaluation model, focusing on the case of Company A. Sports facilities within multi-use facilities are used by an unspecified number of people and require quick judgment and initial response from safety managers in the event of an emergency. In the event of an emergency such as a fire, it is important to respond to the delay in evacuation time for users of sports facilities on the top floor. The building managed by Company A has facilities such as a swimming pool, fitness center, sauna, indoor golf course, and yoga𐄁pilates room located on the top floor. We analyzed Company A's case of sports facilities in a building that is both a complex building and a multi-use facility. The building in question is located in Seoul, and the safety management case of Company A was studied in the following order building safety organization and system establishment, safety management capabilities, safety management activities, education and training, and evaluation feedback. Through this, we studied key management issues and vulnerabilities requiring safety in multi-use facilities, as well as cases of fire drills and evacuation measures to prepare for disaster occurrences, and focused on the safety management system of multi-use facilities and conducted research on sports facilities within multi-use facilities safety and improvement measures were derived. By applying Company A's safety management best practices to the research model, the company's safety management can be effectively analyzed and examined. Through this study, we would like to make suggestions so that safety managers of buildings with sports facilities in multi-use facilities can use them as a reference.

Thinking of Green, Low Carbon, and Energy-Saving Designs Based on the Variable Ventilation of Natatoriums: Taking the Jiading Natatorium of Tongji University as an Example

With the increasing demand for sports activities, sports architecture is flourishing. Creating a comfortable and healthy fitness environment while reducing energy consumption has become a focus for architects. Taking the Jiading Natatorium at Tongji University in Shanghai as an example, this study researched green energy in the variable ventilation of sports venues. The Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 was used to conduct computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation analyses on four scenarios of opening and closing the swimming pool’s roof, with ventilation velocity as the primary evaluation indicator to assess the ventilation environment of each scenario. The relationship between the opening ratio of the roof and the ventilation environment of sports buildings was explored. The results showed that when the opening ratio is 37.5%, it achieves good ventilation effectiveness and avoids excessive wind pressure. The study also summarized six common forms of opening and closing roof structures and compared the differences in wind environments of different roof forms. The results indicated that the shape and opening ratio of the roof has a decisive impact on the distribution of indoor wind speed in buildings. Six optimal opening ratios for different roof forms in summer and suitable site conditions were summarized, providing a reference for the design and selection of swimming pool roofs. Furthermore, the wind speed distribution of different roof types showed a trend of gradually becoming uniform with the increase in opening area. However, the position of the wind speed peak is related to the form and size of the roof opening. This research provides valuable references for the low carbon and energy-efficient design of future swimming pool sports buildings.

Ouabain, ATPase inhibitor, potentially enhances the effect of polyhexamethylene biguanide on Acanthamoeba castellanii

Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, is commonly found in various natural environments, such as rivers and soil, as well as in public baths, swimming pools, and sewers. Acanthamoeba can cause severe illness such as granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in humans. AK, the most recognized disease, can cause permanent visual impairment or blindness by affecting the cornea. AK commonly affects contact lens wearers who neglect proper cleaning habits. The symptoms of AK include epithelial and stromal destruction, corneal infiltrate, and intense ocular pain, occasionally necessitating surgical removal of the entire eyeball. Current AK treatment involves the hourly application of eye drops containing polyhexamethylene biocide (PHMB). However, studies have revealed their ineffectiveness against drug-resistant strains. Acanthamoeba can form cysts as a survival mechanism in adverse environments, though the exact mechanism remains unknown. Our experiments revealed that sodium P-type ATPase (ACA1_065450) is closely linked to encystation. In addition, various encystation buffers, such as MgCl2 or NaCl, induced the expression of P-type ATPase. Furthermore, we used ouabain, an ATPase inhibitor, to inhibit the Na+/K+ ion pump, consequently decreasing the encystation rate of Acanthamoeba. Our primary objective is to develop an advanced treatment for AK. We anticipate that the combination of ouabain and PHMB may serve as an effective therapeutic approach against AK in the future.

Changing: A Short Study on John Cheever’s “Swimmer”

American writer John Cheever’s “Swimmer” adopts a surreal or symbolic style that breaks away from the previous ideas and approaches of realism. The story’s hero Neddy Merrill embarks on an adventurous journey to swim home: an eight-mile journey that connects suburban swimming pools in his mind’s eye to form the magnificent Lucinda River, named for his wife. This paper examines the ever-changing natural scenes to explore the role of such scenes in portraying the characters and revealing the theme of the story. It also discusses the changing fates of the hero in two aspects-people’s changing attitudes towards Neddy and his own changing physical condition. The study considers the hero’s tragedy as a true portrayal of the loss and spiritual plight of the American middle class, which strengthens the sense of crisis and disillusionment in modern society, and expresses the author’s deep doubts about the lifestyle and thinking mode of the middle class, and his infinite worries about the future of the American middle class.

Swimming in children: benefits for early aquatic development

Swimming offers various benefits for children's development, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects. The present study aim to known the benefits the Swimming in children for development for early aquatic. A systematic review of bibliographic analysis was carried out through analytical tracking techniques and documentary quantification from various search engines: Google Scholar, Dialnet, Redalyc, Scielo, where a total of 223 documents were obtained, selecting the sample of this, then continued with the following coding: 1) Title of the article; 2) Name of the authors and year; 3) Objective; 4) Sample- Instruments; 5) Results. This finding supports the notion that exposure to blue spaces, such as oceans, lakes, or swimming pools, can have a positive influence on mental health outcomes in children. Incorporating aquatic activities into a comprehensive approach to child development may provide additional opportunities for promoting positive mental health outcomes. The findings support the efficacy of swimming and water activities in promoting physical, psychological, and psychomotor development in children.

A pool construction using ramie fabric composite in eco-resin matrix: a cost of goods sold analysis (COGS)

One of the oldest and most traditional products made with resin and fiberglass is swimming pools; however, this product consumes large quantities of fiberglass mat and resin, both raw materials are based on non-renewable products and contribute significantly to carbon footprint and environmental damage. The increasing environmental concern has raised awareness in the industry and academia for the search of environmentally friendly materials. Natural fibers are attracting interest in engineering sectors due to specific advantages such as low density and cost, as well as renewability, biodegradability, recycling, and CO2 emission neutrality. In particular, the fiber extracted from the stem of the ramie plant is currently recognized as one of the strongest lignocellulosic fibers. In addition to natural fibers, eco-resins such as water-based acrylics have gained great attention from the industry due to their carbon footprint and environmentally friendly characteristics. The aim of this work is to calculate the cost of goods sold (COGS) for a pool constructed with composite ramie fabric in a water-based eco-resin matrix, for this purpose, a 1:30 scale prototype will be made, from which all manufacturing costs will be collected, then we will perform a mathematical extrapolation for comparison of values with products currently available in the market.

Implementasi Fatwa DSN-MUI No 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 Pada Usaha Kolam Renang Muslimah ACM

This research aims to analyze the implementation of DSN-MUI fatwa No.108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 concerning Guidelines for Organizing Tourism Based on Sharia at ACM Muslimah swimming pools. The research uses a qualitative and normative.The research results show that the swimming pool has partially implemented sharia principles, but there are still aspects that need improvement. The facilities for places of worship are small and need to be enlarged, while some areas around the pool are still not clean. Transactions and agreements in tourism activities need to pay more attention to sharia principles. Improvements to facilities in places of worship and increased cleanliness around pools are recommended to ensure compliance with the DSN-MUI fatwa. By making these improvements, the swimming pool can provide a better experience to visitors and be more consistent with the applied sharia principles.

Curcumin’s effects on growth indices, histological scores, blood metabolites, redox state, immunity, and antioxidant-related genes of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)

Curcumin, a polyphenol, targets multiple signaling molecules and shows activity at the cellular level, supporting its various health benefits. Thereafter, the present study examines the effects of different doses of dietary curcumin on growth indices, feed efficiency, serum metabolites, redox (oxidation) status, immunity, histological assessment, and antioxidant-related genes in red tilapia (Oreochromis sp, Oreochromis aureus x O. mossambicus). A total of 1200 red tilapia with an average weight of 19.1±0.03 g were distributed in 12 cement ponds (3×3.5×1m). Each treatment was assigned three pounds (n=100 replicates). For 60 days, fish were fed baseline diets containing 0, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 g of curcumin/kg of diet. The treated fish showed increased body weight and SGR (specific growth rate) compared to the T0 group (P<0.05). Curcumin in the diet significantly improved weight gain, percentages, and FCR (feed conversion ratio), with a dose-dependent effect (P < 0.05). Curcumin supplementation showed no influence on feed intake, fish mortality, or survival rate (P >0.05). The curcumin-treated fish groups improved tissue structure in hepatocytes, pancreatic lumens, hepatic blood sinusoids, and intestine tissue layers, particularly the mucosal layer. The T0.8 group had reduced liver enzymes (AST and ALT) and greater total protein and albumin levels (P<0.05). The T0.6 and T0.8 groups showed significantly lower MDA levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). Curcumin groups demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant indices (CAT, GPx, and SOD) compared to the basal diet (P<0.05). Curcumin administration resulted in significant improvements in IgM and lysosome levels (P<0.05). All supplemented groups had considerably (P<0.05) higher levels of SOD, CAT, and GPx mRNA than the control group. Consequently, administering 0.6–0.8 g/kg of curcumin to red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) diets may improve the fish’s growth, health, tissue composition, and antioxidant response.

A study of facilities offered by various Aqua Tourism Destinations in Nagpur City

Nagpur is also popularly called the Orange City; it is the second largest city in Maharashtra. Aqua tourism destinations in Nagpur are one that features water play areas, such as swimming pools, water slides, splash pads, spray grounds (water playgrounds), lazy rivers, or other recreational bathing, swimming, and bare footing environments. Their demand has increased due to facilities that offer indoor/outdoor attractions and amusements. Visitors to a water park will travel up to 25% of the time they plan to spend at the water park. The young and pre-teen age groups are the target market for water parks. The study has been conducted through observation method concerning directly with the objective of the study which was a unique experience of sailing or cruising to explore destinations of water tourism in Nagpur city. This descriptive research is done through SWOT analysis that is analysing and determining their Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Treats. The conclusion of the study the key success of the aqua tourism destinations are its safety and security appeal for a family vacation. These destinations may also need to be equipped with some type of artificial surfing or boarding environment such as a wave pool flow rider. It is a facility for enjoying a pool and related water features, and it is sometimes referred to as a leisure space with various recreational facilities. This growth might bringthe First, they offer a relatively high level of safety and security that appeal to guests for aquatic recreation. Second, take advantage of their primary appeal to children and teens. Water parks are increasing their appeal to the aging baby-boomer generation by not only providing entertainment options for children and grandchildren, but by providing older adults with access to hydrotherapy, aquatic fitness, and spa services. The key success of the aqua tourism destinations are its safety and security appeal for a family vacation. Keywords: Tourism, Aqua-Tourism Destination, SWOT-Analysis, Water park, Boarding environment, Recreational facilities.

Bacteriological Safety of Swimming Pools Within and Around the University of Port Harcourt

Bacteriological Safety of Swimming Pools Within and Around the University of Port Harcourt

Association between exposure to airborne trichloramine and health effects in indoor swimming pool workers.

The main objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the association between trichloramine (TCA) exposure and respiratory health effects in swimming pool workers. In this study, air sampling was performed for TCA concentrations at fixed locations (static measurements) and on individual workers (personal measurements) in six indoor public swimming pools during periods of high swimmer attendance over the winter school break. Health effects were evaluated using questionnaires and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) tests performed before and after the working day. In these swimming pools, the environmental TCA concentration ranged from 0.11 to 0.88 mg/m³. Worker exposure ranged from 0.05 to 0.72 mg/m³ for personal measurements. Furthermore, in each swimming pool, the average worker exposure to TCA exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit of 0.35 mg/m³. Personal TCA measurements were consistently lower than static measurements performed around the pool, with a reduction ranging from 21% to 49%. This can be explained by the time that the workers spend in the pool area, office, and break room. The most common respiratory health effects self-reported by the workers were coughing, shortness of breath, and sneezing with prevalence rates of 38%, 37%, and 35%, respectively. This study demonstrated an association between TCA exposure and eye irritation. Analysis of the FENO tests revealed that individuals with preexisting asthma or allergies exhibited sustained FENO elevation. The findings suggest that occupational exposure to TCA in indoor swimming pools is a matter of concern. Implementing and improving workplace safety measures is crucial for safeguarding the respiratory health of swimming pool workers.

Analysis of the sustainability of swimming pools: Water and energy cycles

The objective of this article is to conduct a literature review aimed at analyzing recent research conducted between 2018 and March 2023 concerning the water and energy cycles in swimming pools. This review aims to provide updated information by considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector. Additionally, it serves as a complementary review to a previous study that encompassed research up until 2018. Four challenges that the review seeks to analyze and investigate are identified: water balance, energy balance, chemical balance, water treatment, and diverse legislation. Regarding the water balance, the importance of reducing evaporation from swimming pools is highlighted, especially in Mediterranean climates with prolonged drought periods. Various solutions to improve the water balance are analyzed, such as the use of solar covers and the optimization of the water recirculation and filtration system. In relation to the energy balance, it is recognized that the use of pumps and filters consumes a lot of energy. The review emphasizes the importance of optimizing the water recirculation and filtration system, and various ways to improve the energy efficiency of pool heating and air conditioning are examined. In addition, the use of renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels, to reduce the energy demand of pools is considered. In summary, this review updates previous research on the water and energy cycles in swimming pools, with a focus on water and energy balance. The review identifies challenges and solutions to improve the sustainability of pools and highlights the importance of addressing the complexity of applicable legislation. The results of this review are expected to be useful for future research and to promote more sustainable management of swimming pools.

Reflections from the wading pool: Detoxifying racist psychological waters while submerged in their waves.

Psychology, like water, is not inherently toxic. However, historical and contemporary currents, particularly those pertaining to racism in the United States, have poisoned the field and caused harm to Black communities. As early-career scholars, the authors note both the importance of and challenges inherent in rectification, especially in light of the American Psychological Association's (APA) resolutions in 2021 aimed at addressing and redressing systemic racism within psychology and beyond. Through a primary focus on anti-Black racism and the use of an extended metaphor of water, we utilize personal reflection, interviews, and historical accounts to better understand how racism has impacted the field of psychology from within to better consider efforts to reduce its impact on the greater Black American community. We note how the APA was founded with and perpetuated racist scholarship and practice and consider the founding and subsequent resistance of the Association of Black Psychologists (ABPsi) as a cautionary tale to depict what can happen when the water becomes too toxic. We then seek to use this history of internal dynamics to better understand a superordinate goal, that is, how to extend antiracism efforts outward. We interviewed venerable Black psychologists and provided our own recommendations to consider what is necessary to support healing among Black communities impacted by racism. We conclude by acknowledging that although the waves of psychology can be consuming, terse, and painful, our ability to detoxify the water is possible with perspectives that cultivate deep pools of inquiry, mutual understanding, and action. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Enhancement of swimming pool water quality by nanotechnology

Because of the hazards associated with the use of chlorine in pool water treatment, a commercial polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane was utilized. These membranes were coated with varying concentrations of Ag-ZnO nanomaterial (0.05, 0.1, 0.2) and employed in a filter system designed to imitate the swimming pool water treatment process. The experiment lasted three months (April, May, and June) and was carried out for three days each month. The impact of nano-Ag-Zno on the UF nanocomposite membrane was investigated. To analyze the mechanical properties of the membranes, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosity, and contact angle were used. The findings reveal that treating the substrates with Ag-ZnO enhanced their hydrophilicity and porosity. Acommercial polysulfone membranes were coated with amixture of Ag-ZnO nanoparticles using the spray pyrolysis technique. The impact of nano-Ag-ZnO on the UF nanocomposite membrane was investigated. To analyze the mechanical properties of the membranes, SEM and contact angle were used. According to the findings, applying Ag-Zno in different concentration to the substrates boosted their hydrophilicity and porosity and aconcentration (2%) could achieve the goal of the research, which is to reduce the use of chlorine disinfection by eliminating Escherichia Coli bacteria, which considered acommon species in swimming pool water.

Comparative analysis of the behaviour of the hot water production system of an indoor swimming pool

In this paper, we analyse the thermal behaviour and the environmental impact of an indoor swimming pool placed in Pozo Estrecho, Cartagena, in the Southeast of Spain. The existing installation is formed by a group of solar thermal collectors supported by two propane heaters which heat the water of the pool and satisfy the needs of hot water in the changing room of the pool. Here we propose an installation based on the use of a heat pump supported by solar thermal collectors. In this work, we first describe the installations. They are modelled with Trnsys and the models employed briefly described. Later, we compare their primary energy consumption and its environmental impact in terms of their CO2 emissions. A rough estimate of its economic impact is also given. Some conclusions are finally drawn.

Индустрия спорта и ее роль в экономике государства

At the present stage, society and sport have a very close relationship with each other. Sport has a significant impact on various spheres of human life - physical, spiritual, social, material and others. In this regard, sports and the economy of the region, as well as the whole country, have a close connection with each other. The creation and implementation of innovative sports materials and food products with special properties, the holding of mass sports events, as well as the construction of ice arenas, swimming pools, gyms has a significant impact on the economy of our country. The emergence of the sports services market and the formation of a market approach in the economics of sports lead to serious changes in the development of sports infrastructure. Research on the economic impact of the sports industry on the economic potential of regions and the country is extremely relevant, which determined the purpose of the work - to study the economic components of the physical culture and sports industry and their impact on the economy of the state. The work uses general scientific research methods: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, comparison, deductive and inductive methods and others. The study presents an analysis of the mutual influence of sports and the sports industry on the country’s economy and foreign economic relations, from the point of view of the components of the economic potential of the state and indicates the close relationship between the country’s economy and the sports life of society. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the analysis of existing, as well as the study of new economic components of the sports industry, which can serve as a basis for future research on the development of the sports industry, its economy, volume and role in the country’s economy.