Aquaculture Technology Research Articles

Climate resilience in aquaculture: A cluster analysis of Chinese coastal regional production and farming practices in the face of climatic shifts 2017–2021

This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the aquaculture industry across 11 coastal regions in eastern China from 2017 to 2021 to assess their adaptability and resilience in the face of climate change. Cluster analysis was employed to examine regional variations in aquaculture adaptation by analyzing data on annual average temperatures, annual extreme high/low temperatures, annual average relative humidity, annual sunshine duration, and total yearly precipitation alongside various aquaculture practices. The findings reveal that southern regions, such as Fujian and Guangdong, demonstrate higher adaptability and resilience due to their stable subtropical climates and advanced aquaculture technologies. In contrast, northern regions like Liaoning and Shandong, characterized by more significant climatic fluctuations, exhibit varying degrees of cluster changes, indicating a continuous need to adjust aquaculture strategies to cope with climatic challenges. Additionally, the study explores the specific impacts of climate change on species selection, disease management, and water resource utilization in aquaculture, emphasizing the importance of developing region-specific strategies. Based on these insights, several strategic recommendations are proposed, including promoting species diversification, enhancing disease monitoring and control, improving water quality management techniques, and urging governmental support for policies and technical guidance to enhance the climate resilience and sustainability of the aquaculture sector. These strategies and recommendations aim to assist the aquaculture industry in addressing future climate challenges and fostering long-term sustainable development.

The social science of offshore aquaculture: uncertainties, challenges and solution-oriented governance needs

Aquaculture technology is on the move, enabling production in more open and exposed ocean environments around the world. These new systems offer solutions to environmental challenges facing conventional aquaculture, yet new technologies also create new social challenges while potentially exacerbating, or at minimum recreating, others. Offshore aquaculture research and governance are still in early stages, as is our understanding of the social repercussions and challenges associated with development. This paper provides an evaluation and reflection on offshore aquaculture from a social science perspective and is based on findings from a modified World Café group discussion method including the thoughts and experiences of social science experts. Key challenges and uncertainties including a lack of an appropriate regulatory framework, societal perceptions of offshore aquaculture, and offshore aquaculture’s contribution to society were identified. The governance implications of these challenges are discussed as well as the need for social sciences to address these challenges through transformative and transdisciplinary approaches that bridge science and society.

Federating ‘Aquaculture 4.0’ for data-driven social and environmental sustainability

Aquaculture is undergoing a revolution of data-driven innovation. The rapid uptake of digital technologies in the sector contributes ever larger amounts of data that hold potential for improving decision making for aquatic food system sustainability. Realising the potential of digital tools and new data streams is, however, not inevitable. The current ecosystem of global and production-level digital aquaculture technologies and platforms is highly fragmented with a strong focus on private farm-level data for improving production efficiency, and limited publicly available data that can be used for social and environmental sustainability. Three scenarios for the future development of the aquaculture data ecosystem are possible (1) continued fragmentation; (2) centralisation, and (3) coordination in a federated ecosystem. Recognising a federated ecosystem as having the most potential for contributing to food system sustainability we provide three priority areas for improving data coverage, sharing and integration between and among farm-level and global platforms.

Machine Learning Approaches for Customer Churn Prediction in the Aquaculture Technology Sector

Machine Learning Approaches for Customer Churn Prediction in the Aquaculture Technology Sector

Climate change's influence on Chelydra serpentina's global and Chinese distribution and invasion: A MaxEnt model-based prediction

Chelydra serpentina (Linnaeus, 1758) is native to North America, but has been introduced to numerous nations and is now globally spread. It is extremely adaptive, grow quickly, and its biological population is steadily increasing as a result of the development of aquaculture technology. Given that Chelydra serpentina has already been found alive in the natural ecosystems of China, its proliferation poses a possible threat of invasion. Using the global distribution data of the species in the current environment, a study was carried out to forecast the distribution trend of Chelydra serpentina under future climate circumstances. The study compared the changes in the distribution area under current climatic circumstances and the tendency of proliferation using 19 bioclimatic factors and the ecological niche model Maxent. Using the significance index, the study also examined the size of the appropriate region and the influencing factors to estimate the danger of Chelydra serpentina invasion better quantitatively. In our research, we hypothesized that forthcoming climate change will affect the geographical distribution of Chelydra serpentina. The study results showed that, even in high-intensity environments, the appropriate area for Chelydra serpentina will steadily increase in the future climate. The extent of their suitable habitat might expand (the highly suitable area: 7.42*105 km2 <China>; 2.13*107 km2 <Global>) in contrast to the distribution area of Chelydra serpentina under the existing climate (highly suitable area: 6.01*105 km2 <China>; 8.48*106 km2 <Global>). The research findings indicate that the range of the habitat area predicted to proliferate (the highly suitable area of 6.31*105 km2 <China>; 1.3 *107 km2 <Global>) even in high-intensity environments, albeit at a slower rate than in the low-intensity environment model. The habitat will initially be concentrated in warmer regions before progressively expanding into the colder northern climate. This implies that Chelydra serpentina will be able to more easily adjust to future climates and spread outward over time from its concentrated home. Nonetheless, there is a chance of an invasion due to the rise in Chelydra serpentina populations. Upon establishing a regular reproductive presence in the Chinese waterways they inhabit, these turtles will engage in fierce competition with indigenous species for survival, posing a threat to the environment and potentially resulting in the extinction of some local species.

Krisis Biodiversitas Perairan: Investigasi Solusi Berbasis Komunitas untuk Pemulihan Ekosistem Aquatik

Crisis aquatic biodiversity is a critical environmental issue, triggered by human activities such as overfishing, pollution, and climate change, which have serious impacts on the stability of ecosystems and the climate change, which has serious impacts on the stability of ecosystems and the livelihoods of coastal communities. livelihoods of coastal communities. This research aims to examine community-based solutions in restoring degraded aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on the integration of sustainable aquaculture technologies and aquaponic systems. The methodology used was a comprehensive literature analysis of scientific articles, journals and relevant publications. The research findings show that sustainable fisheries management, habitat restoration, environmental education and awareness, implementation of environmentally education and environmental awareness, the application of environmentally friendly technologies, and the development of supportive policies are the main strategies for sustainable fisheries management. development of supportive policies are key strategies in improve conservation effectiveness. The implications of this research show that a community-based approach is not only effective for the conservation of aquatic biodiversity, but also provides practical guidance for policymakers and non-governmental organizations in designing and implementing community-based policy makers and non-governmental organizations in designing and implementing more holistic and effective ecosystem restoration programs that are more holistic and sustainable.

Estimating body weight of caged sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) using an underwater time-lapse camera and image analysis by semantic segmentation

Image analysis is being developed to improve the efficiency of fishery and aquaculture technologies. Optical cameras are an easy and cost-effective method for monitoring fish and other species. In this study, a monitoring system that combines an underwater time-lapse camera and a deep learning-based image analysis was developed for utilization in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). The sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) was used as a target species because the technology necessary for estimating growth, particularly in terms of weight, of caged sea cucumber using an underwater environment is still under study. Therefore, semantic segmentation was applied to classify the images into caged sea cucumbers and various underwater backgrounds. Multiple images of sea cucumbers were captured in a water tank that mimicked the box cage used in IMTA, and their body weights were measured simultaneously. For model development, approximately 1,300 images were prepared for the training and validation processes. The model then achieved an IoU (Intersection over Union) of approximately 94 % for the validation data. Next, the pixel numbers of sea cucumbers were converted into an area calculated using the size of the cage net as the background. The relationship between the area and weight of sea cucumbers yielded an approximate line for estimating body weight. As a result, the approximation line had a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.87 for training and validation data and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) =1.81 and 6.78 g for sea cucumbers less than 10 and 110 g, respectively. Using the model, test images in an actual IMTA situation were applied, and the estimated body weights were close to the measured values for small sea cucumbers. If we apply this model to images obtained over an extended period, the growth of sea cucumbers in a time series can be understood.

Revolutionizing Aquaculture Strategy: The Journey of eFishery from Startup to Unicorn with Non-App-Based Technology

The emergence of the fishery, founded by Gibran, has revolutionized the aquaculture landscape through its innovative technology-driven solutions. Beginning with the development of an automated fish-feeding device in 2012, eFishery's journey from startup to unicorn status has been marked by transformative advancements in fish farming practices. This abstract explores eFishery's trajectory, encompassing its strategic evolution, technological innovations, and significant milestones. From securing series D financing in 2023 to pioneering non-app-based technology, the fishery has reshaped the aquaculture industry, empowering fish farmers worldwide with efficient, cost-effective solutions. Moreover, eFishery's expansion into shrimp farming technology and the launch of eFarm and eFisheryFresh demonstrate the company's commitment to continual product innovation. Through a blend of trial and error, technological prowess, and strategic foresight, fishery has cemented its position as a leader in aquaculture technology, driving sustainable growth and profitability in the sector.

Carbon footprint of fresh sea cucumbers in China: Comparison of three aquaculture technologies

Facing China's strict greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction policy including the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals, the GHG emissions from sea cucumber aquaculture have been attracting increasing attention. In order to promote the low-carbon development of marine aquaculture, this study provides a comparative evaluation of the carbon footprint of 1 t fresh sea cucumber production from cradle-to-gate based on three different aquaculture technologies: marine bottom-sowing aquaculture, marine cage aquaculture, and pond bottom-sowing aquaculture. The hotspots of GHG emissions at key stages of sea cucumber aquaculture are also analyzed. The results showed that the carbon footprint of 1 t of fresh sea cucumber production varies based on different aquaculture technologies, with marine bottom-sowing aquaculture technology having the highest carbon footprint at 6936.5 kg CO2eq, followed by marine cage aquaculture technology at 5148.7 kg CO2eq and pond bottom-sowing aquaculture technology at 2914.1 kg CO2eq. When comparing the GHG emissions of different stages, the growing seedling stage is the hotspot of marine bottom-sowing aquaculture technology, with the main sources of GHG emissions being electricity used for maintaining suitable water temperature and bait preparation. The hotspots of marine cage aquaculture technology and pond bottom-sowing aquaculture technology are both centered around the adult sea cucumber feeding stage, where bait consumption becomes the primary source of GHG emissions. Sensitivity analysis indicates that increasing seedling survival rates, reducing electricity consumption, and implementing renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power can effectively mitigate the GHG emissions associated with sea cucumber aquaculture.

Innovations in Aquaculture Technology and Market Access in Sub-Saharan Africa

Aquaculture refers to the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, shellfish, and plants in controlled environments, addressing global demands for seafood while supplementing natural fish stocks and supporting food security initiatives worldwide. Aquaculture in Sub-Saharan Africa is pivotal for addressing food security challenges and fostering economic growth amidst a rapidly growing population. This article reviews the transformative role of technological innovations, sustainable practices, and market access strategies in advancing aquaculture across the region. Technological advancements such as recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and improved breeding techniques are enhancing productivity and sustainability. Sustainable practices like integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) promote resource efficiency and environmental integrity. Market access initiatives, including infrastructure development and value chain innovations, are critical for connecting small-scale producers with markets and improving economic returns. The methodology employed in writing this review article involved synthesizing recent literature on aquaculture innovations, sustainability practices, and market dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa, drawing from peer-reviewed sources and recent publications to present a comprehensive overview of the subject matter. By embracing these innovations and practices, Sub-Saharan Africa can strengthen food security, support economic development, and promote sustainable aquaculture while conserving natural resources. Keywords: Aquaculture, Sub-Saharan Africa, Technological innovations, Sustainable practices, Market access.

Development of a TGC-based growth model for the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and its application in developing a fish growth simulator architecture

Temperature is one of the main factors affecting fish growth. Many studies have proposed a fish growth model considering the effect of temperature. Among these models, the TGC (thermal growth coefficient) model which digitized the influence of temperature on fish growth is the most notable. The original TGC model was made in the form of applying 1/3 as an exponent, but subsequent studies have shown that it is necessary to apply different exponent value or other constant depending on the dynamics of growth. In this study, the original TGC model using 1/3 as an exponent and the new model using 2/3 as an exponent were compared for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The seasonal temperature function under the conditions of the flow-through system was applied and the transition point of change in the growth dynamics was obtained by comparing the instantaneous growth rate of the two TGC models. Around 541 g of the transition point was obtained, and a combined TGC model was presented that integrated the two models. However, the growth prediction model based on these statistical techniques does not reflect real-time changes in each parameter and requires academic knowledge, making it difficult to use in the actual field. Recently, as the smart aquaculture industry incorporating ICT (information and communication technologies) has grown rapidly, many solutions such as fish growth prediction simulators using statistical growth models have been developed. Therefore, in this study, input and output variables were classified and software architectures were presented so that the statistical form of fish growth model using TGC derived above could be applied when developing a fish growth prediction simulator. Deriving these growth models and interpreting them into languages in the field of ICT will enhance the field applicability of academic research results as a part of smart aquaculture technology.

Glycogen Quantification and Gender Identification in Di-, Tri-, and Tetraploid Crassostrea gigas Using Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has become an essential tool for non-destructive analysis in various fields, including aquaculture. This study presents a pioneering application of portable NIR spectrometers to analyze glycogen content in the gonadal tissues of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), marking the first instance of developing quantitative models for glycogen in tetraploid C. gigas. The research also provides a comparative analysis with models for diploid and triploid oysters, underscoring the innovative use of portable NIR technology in aquaculture. Two portable NIR spectrometers were employed: the Micro NIR 1700 (908-1676 nm) and the Micro PHAZIR RX (1624-2460 nm). Near-infrared spectra were acquired from the gonadal tissues of diploid, triploid, and tetraploid C. gigas. Quantitative models for glycogen content were developed and validated using cross-validation methods. Additionally, qualitative models for different ploidies and genders were established. For the Micro NIR 1700, the cross-validation correlation coefficients (Rcv) and cross-validation relative predictive errors (RPDcv) for glycogen were 0.949 and 3.191 for diploids, 0.915 and 2.498 for triploids, and 0.902 and 2.310 for tetraploids. The Micro PHAZIR RX achieved Rcv and RPDcv values of 0.781 and 2.240 for diploids, 0.839 and 2.504 for triploids, and 0.717 and 1.851 for tetraploids. The Micro NIR 1700 demonstrated superior quantitative performance, with RPD values exceeding 2, indicating its effectiveness in predicting glycogen content across different ploidy levels. Qualitative models showed a performance index of 91.6 for diploid and 95 for tetraploid genders using the Micro NIR 1700, while the Micro PHAZIR RX achieved correct identification rates of 99.79% and 100% for diploid and tetraploid genders, respectively. However, differentiation of ploidies was less successful with both instruments. This study's originality lies in establishing the first quantitative models for glycogen content in tetraploid C. gigas using portable NIR spectrometers, highlighting the significant advancements in non-destructive glycogen analysis. The applicability of these findings is substantial for oyster breeding programs focused on enhancing meat quality traits. These models provide a valuable phenotyping tool for selecting oysters with optimal glycogen content, demonstrating the practical utility of portable NIR technology in aquaculture.

Integrated biofloc technology in red tilapia aquaculture: Salinity-dependent effects on water quality, parental stock physiology, reproduction, and immune responses

The study examines the impact of integrated biofloc technology (BFT), different salinity levels, and their combined effects over 90 days on various physiological parameters. The investigation includes growth performance and feed utilization, water quality, the chemical composition of biofloc and fish, digestive enzymes, reproductive performance, stress and biochemical indicators, and antioxidant-immune responses in red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) broodstock. The fish were initially weighed (males: n = 270; 104 ± 0.96 g; females: n = 270; 93.2 ± 0.66 g) and subsequently divided into 12 treatment groups (6 for males and 6 for females) spread across 36 separate tanks (3 tanks per treatment; 45 fish per treatment; 15 fish/tank). The treatments involved three salinity levels (18, 28, and 36 ppt) in both clear water (CW) and BFT systems. The outcomes demonstrated that fish in the 36 ppt salinity with BFT treatment demonstrated significant improvements (P < 0.05) in growth parameters (final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio). The condition factor in BFT groups increased in all salinity situations. The survival rates of broodstock were consistently high in all experimental conditions The study found that BFT and salinity significantly impacted (P < 0.05) whole body contents (moisture, protein, lipid, and ash) in both males and females. Water quality parameters showed variations between BFT and CW, with notable impacts (P < 0.05) on dissolved oxygen and pH. The BFT and salinity influenced digestive enzyme activities (protease, amylase, and lipase) and reproductive performance (males) and the 36 ppt salinity with BFT recorded the highest values. The hemato-biochemical and antioxidant-immune responses were also impacted by BFT and salinity exposure. The study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating BFT into red tilapia aquaculture systems, particularly in optimizing growth, health, and reproductive performance under various salinity conditions, which can enhance sustainable intensification, disease control, and environmental stewardship.

The diffusion path and influencing factors of shrimp farming technology

Aquatic products have played an increasingly important role in residents’ diets, with improved production capacity and living standards in recent years. Accelerating the organic diffusion of aquaculture technology is an effective way to increase production. Taking the example of South American white shrimp aquaculture, this article combines carbon emissions and aquaculture cost benefits. By using data from South American white shrimp aquaculture in Hebei, Shandong, and Jiangsu Province in China from 2016 to 2021, the article innovatively considers aquaculture cycle carbon emissions as non-expected output, constructs a non-expected SBM-DEA super-efficiency model to evaluate the comprehensive efficiency of two aquaculture technologies, and analyzes the influencing factors of the diffusion of shrimp culture technology through case studies. The research results show that the comprehensive efficiency of factory-based aquaculture technology is generally better than pond-based aquaculture, but carbon emissions are higher in the factory model. The main factors affecting the diffusion of factory-based technology are policy support, social networks, farmers’ own situations, and technological attributes.

Analysis of temporal and spatial dynamics and driving factors in the aquaculture industry of Fuding City, China

BackgroundThe sustainable development of aquaculture is a crucial determinant of food security, the well-being of aquaculture practitioners, and economic growth within coastal regions. Considering the existing gap in research regarding spatial and temporal development of aquaculture, this study investigates the progression of aquaculture practices over time and across various locations in Fuding City, China. MethodsWe retrospectively collected temporal and spatial data on aquaculture, as well as demographic, social, and economic data for Fuding City from 2010 to 2020. By employing 3D kernel density analysis, we illustrated the temporal and spatial changes in aquaculture. Furthermore, we utilized Ordinary Least Squares regression to investigate the driving factors behind the spatial changes in the aquaculture industry. ResultsOver the past decades, we observed that in Fuding City, both the number of fishing rafts and aquaculture households initially decreased and then increased. The spatial distribution of aquaculture experienced a shift from the west (inner bay area) to the east (coastal area). Additionally, the type of fishing rafts also varied by region, with traditional rafts dominating the western inner bay and plastic rafts prevalent in the eastern offshore areas. Analysis of driving factors revealed that at least six factors have a significant positive correlation with the eastward shift of the aquaculture industry's center, including the proportion of migrant population, proportion of aquaculture to total fishery output, average temperature, investment in aquaculture technology, total fish sales, and GDP of Fuding City. ConclusionThis study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of aquaculture in Fuding City from 2010 to 2020, proposing an innovative approach to spatial optimization that integrates both horizontal and vertical strategies. These insights aim to guide the development of coastal aquaculture policies and support sustainable regional development, fostering a balanced coexistence between human activities and marine environments.

Environmental performance of Penaeus vannamei shrimp production in intensive and super-intensive biofloc systems

Shrimp farms worldwide have been responsible for a series of social and environmental issues that affect their surrounding regions. Modern aquaculture seeks to achieve sustainable growth that offers a balance between environmental, economic, and social perspectives, and new aquaculture technologies have been developed and improved in recent decades. One such innovation is the biofloc technology (BFT) system, which is considered an alternative to conventional aquaculture because it allows for aquatic organism production with minimal water exchange, high stocking densities, and the possibility of high levels of productivity. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most common methodologies used to compare the environmental performance of different systems, considering resource consumption and the emission of pollutants during the productive life cycle. The present study uses LCA to compare the environmental performance of Penaeus vannamei shrimp production in two BFT systems, an intensive system in a pond and a super-intensive system in a greenhouse. The Functional Unit used was 1.0 ton of shrimp (animals with an average final weight of 12 g). The boundaries of the system were defined as from the cradle to the farm gate. Input data related to the use of natural resources, energy consumption, and environmental emissions were obtained over eight cycles of intensive and super-intensive production. The following results were obtained for intensive and super-intensive systems, respectively: global warming (GWP100a) 5691.12 and 5512.42 kg CO2 eq; acidification 59.57 and 59.05 kg SO2-eq; eutrophication 25.96 and 25.80 kg PO4 eq; ozone layer depletion (OLP) 0.000319 and 0.000311 kg CFC-11 eq; human toxicity 1165.98 and 1233.33 kg 1.4-DB-eq; aquatic ecotoxicity 1344.13 and 1925.96 kg 1.4-DB eq; marine ecotoxicity 1881,643.65 and 2070,517.23 kg 1.4-DB eq; terrestrial ecotoxicity 24.26 and 33.54 kg 1.4-DB eq; photochemical oxidation 2.10 and 2.03 kg C2H4 eq; abiotic depletion 0.006487 and 0.008359 kg Sb eq; abiotic depletion of fossil fuels 35,612.80 and 34,504.39 MJ. Among the eleven evaluated impact categories, the intensive system showed better results in five categories, while the super-intensive system showed better performance in six categories. Feed (reference diet) was the most significant factor in the environmental performance of the evaluated systems. Based on these results, we conclude that feed and electricity had the most environmental impact in both systems. In general, when comparing the use of production factors and productivity between the systems, it becomes more evident that the SS is more efficient than the SI.

Comparative studies on the intestinal health of wild and cultured ricefield eel (Monopterus albus).

Fish intestinal health under intensive aquaculture mode plays an important role in growth, development, and immune function. The present study was aimed to systematically investigate the differences of intestinal health between wild and cultured Monopterus albus by biochemical parameters, histomorphology, and molecular biology. A total of 15 healthy M. albus per group, with an average body weight of 45g, were sampled to analyze intestinal health parameters. Compared with wild fish, the cultured M. albus in the foregut had lower trypsin, lipase, SOD, CAT, T-AOC, and GSH-Px activities (P < 0.05) and higher amylase activity and MDA content (P < 0.05). The villus circumference and goblet cells in the cultured group were significantly lower than those in the wild group (P < 0.05). In addition, the cultured fish showed lower relative expression levels of occludin, zo-1, zo-2, claudin-12, claudin-15, mucin5, mucin15, lysozyme, complement 3, il-10, tgf-β1, tgf-β2, and tgf-β3 (P < 0.05) and higher il-1β, il-6, il-8, tnf-a, and ifnγ mRNA expressions than those of wild fish (P < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, the cultured group at the phylum level displayed higher percentages of Chlamydiae and Spirochaetes and lower percentages of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia compared to the wild group (P < 0.05). At the genus level, higher abundances of Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas and Spironema and lower abundances of Lactococcus and Cetobacterium were observed in the cultured group than in the wild group (P < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the intestinal health status between wild and cultured M. albus in terms of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology levels. Overall, the present study showed significant differences in intestinal health between wild and cultured M. albus and the main manifestations that wild M. albus had higher intestinal digestion, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier functions than cultured M. albus. These results would provide theoretical basis for the subsequent upgrading of healthy aquaculture technology and nutrient regulation of intestinal health of cultured M. albus.

A novel fish individual recognition method for precision farming based on knowledge distillation strategy and the range of the receptive field.

With the continuous development of green and high-quality aquaculture technology, the process of industrialized aquaculture has been promoted. Automation, intelligence, and precision have become the future development trend of the aquaculture industry. Fish individual recognition can further distinguish fish individuals based on the determination of fish categories, providing basic support for fish disease analysis, bait feeding, and precision aquaculture. However, the high similarity of fish individuals and the complexity of the underwater environment presents great challenges to fish individual recognition. To address these problems, we propose a novel fish individual recognition method for precision farming that rethinks the knowledge distillation strategy and the chunking method in the vision transformer. The method uses the traditional convolutional neural network model as the teacher model, introducing the teacher token to guide the student model to learn the fish texture features. We propose stride patch embedding to expand the range of the receptive field, thus enhancing the local continuity of the image, and self-attention-pruning to discard unimportant tokens and reduce the model computation. The experimental results on the DlouFish dataset show that the proposed method in this paper improves accuracy by 3.25% compared to ECA Resnet152, with an accuracy of 93.19%, and also outperforms other vision transformer models.

Efficiency of using Biofloc technology in aquaculture

Efficiency of using Biofloc technology in aquaculture

An In-depth Review of the Critical Water Analysis Parameter and Water Quality Management Technology in Cage Aquaculture within Malaysian Coastal Regions

Cage fish farming in Malaysia's coastal areas is a significant industry that provides food and income for local communities. Since the country's catch-fishing resources have been fully exploited, there is a huge market for developing the aquaculture industry to increase fish output and supply. However, disease outbreaks, pollution, and environmental degradation must be addressed to ensure sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This can result in increased stress levels and susceptibility to diseases, ultimately impacting the overall well-being of fish populations within the aquatic ecosystem. Water quality plays a crucial role in fish farming as it significantly impacts the health and productivity of fish. However, the specific critical water analysis parameters that are most relevant to cage aquaculture in Malaysian coastal regions have not been comprehensively identified and defined, leading to uncertainties in monitoring and managing water quality. In the past, water quality detection needed manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which were time-consuming and resource intensive. This traditional approach cannot deliver real-time data. This literature examines the important water analysis parameters and contemporary technology that has the potential to be adopted by fish farmers in Malaysia and addresses the financial implications of such an adoption. The review protocol started by selecting the relevant literature and several important things were considered during the selection process. The identification and definition of critical water analysis parameters emerge as fundamental to effective water quality monitoring and management in cage aquaculture. By delineating these parameters, we can tailor monitoring strategies using recent technologies to the unique environmental conditions of Malaysian coastal regions, thus enabling more precise interventions when deviations occur.