Aqua Drugs Research Articles

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Locally Produced Fish and Imported Fish Sold in the Centre Region of Cameroon

Antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat to global health, with the World Health Organization (WHO) classifying it among the top 10 public health threats. However, more epidemiological information is needed to support policy and stewardship programs. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolated from locally produced and imported fish sold in markets in the Mfoundi Division of the Centre Region of Cameroon. A total of 11 Escherichia coli and 28 Staphylococcus spp. strains were isolated from the 100 fish samples collected in the study area. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 16 antimicrobial agents using the disk diffusion method. Overall, multidrug resistance rates of 54.54% (95% confidence interval :26.9- 82.1) and 60.7% (95% confidence interval: 43.7-77.7) were obtained for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp., respectively. The prevalence of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. strains was significantly (p<0.05) higher in locally produced fish (18.6%; 32.6%) than in imported fish (5.3%; 24.6%). According to the WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification, the antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli strains isolates ranged from 5% to 45% for antimicrobials classified as Access and Watch. For Staphylococcus spp., the antimicrobial resistance profile ranges from 7% to 60% for drugs categorized as Access, whereas it ranges from 25% to 100% for drugs belonging to the Watch category. This study revealed that locally produced fish were more contaminated by antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. than imported fish. The continuous awareness of fish farmers about the appropriate use of aqua drugs is one of the cornerstones for reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance related to public health.

Aqua drugs and chemicals used in commercial aquaculture in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Mymensingh is a division in north-central Bangladesh renowned for its lush landscapes and agricultural productivity, with a strong focus on aquaculture as a key part of its economy. The study was performed to investigate the aqua drugs companies and their products used in commercial aquaculture farms in Mymensingh division. Questionnaire based data were collected from representatives of various aqua drug companies, district and upazila fisheries offices, chemical vendors, farmers, and hatchery owners of the Mymensingh division. The present study found aquaculture practices in Mymensingh rely heavily on various antibiotics, probiotics, disinfectants, and feed additives to prevent the spread of diseases, maintain water quality, and increase growth of culture fishes. Drugs from various companies are widely utilized across the Mymensingh division. Fishtech BD contributing the highest percentage (12%), followed by Eon Pharmaceutical Ltd. (11%) and ACI Animal Health (10%), while AVON Animal Health made the lowest contribution (2%). Among the various drugs from different companies, Renamycin (antibiotic), Timsen and Emsen (disinfectants), Pond Care (probiotics), Zeolite Gold, Gasonex, and Mega Zeo Plus (zeolite) are commonly preferred by the farmers. The study also found that many farmers lack knowledge about chemical ingredients, proper dosages, and appropriate application methods. Therefore, adequate training and implementation of government rules and regulations are necessary to ensure responsible use.

Prevalence of Fish Diseases and Use of Aqua Drugs and Chemicals at Habiganj in Bangladesh

Fish farming has rapidly expanded globally, including in Bangladesh, yet this growth has brought heightened risks of disease among aquaculture species. In response, farm owners have increasingly resorted to various drugs and chemicals without stringent regulation. This study investigates the current prevalence of fish diseases in farms and hatcheries across Habiganj district, examining associated management practices. Data from 36 farms reveal frequent health monitoring, with diseases diagnosed clinically, notably Parasite (68.29%), Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (29.26%), Dropsy (31.70%), tail and fin rot (19.44%), gulping (16.67%) and cotton fungus (12.19%). Additional conditions such as red spots, scale erosion and malnutrition were also noted albeit less frequently. Hatchery operations highlighted seasonal disease spikes during winter and after striping, with prevalent issues in brood fish and fish spawn, including fungal infections, yolk sac disorders and sudden mortality. A variety of medicines and chemicals were employed, with liming of ponds a common practice. This study offers critical insights for managing fish diseases effectively in Bangladesh, emphasizing the judicious use of medications and chemicals for sustainable aquaculture.

A Comprehensive Scenario on Application of Aqua Drugs and Chemicals for the Fish Health Management in Fish Hatcheries and Farms of South-Eastern Part, Bangladesh

Aims: The study was carried out to understand the current status of used drugs and chemicals in fish hatcheries and farms in Feni district, Bangladesh.&#x0D; Methodology: Data were collected by pre-defined questionnaire interview, personal contact with farm and hatchery owners, and representatives of pharmaceutical companies by market survey.&#x0D; Results: Twelve different groups of chemicals were being used for disease treatment and fish health management. Traditionally used chemicals were Lime, Salt, Potash (KMnO4) and Melathion. Although Malachite green hazardous to human health, it was widely used in hatcheries. Geotox, JV Zeolite, Amoxy fish, Megavit Aqua, Square aqua premix, Orgavit, Pure Oxy, Vitamin gel, O2-Marine etc. were widely used new chemicals. Renamycin was the most widely (36% farmer) used antibiotic followed by Oxysentin 20%, Orgamycin15% and Otetra vet power 50.&#x0D; Conclusion: Nearly all farmers did not apply chemicals and drugs at proper doses because they thought the higher the doses applied the more and rapid will be the action. It was found that manufacturers and retailers of the products often neglected to provide farmers with necessary information regarding active ingredients and relevant instructions for safe and efficient use of aqua-drugs and chemicals. Recommended use of chemicals apparently brings good result but indiscriminate use of chemicals can be extremely detrimental to fish and our environment as well as to us and therefore, all of us should be aware of the proper use of chemicals.

Status of disease prevalence, drugs and antibiotics usage in pond-based aquaculture at Narsingdi district, Bangladesh: A major public health concern and strategic appraisal for mitigation

This research aimed to investigate the present status of disease prevalence and usage of aqua drugs for various aquaculture operations in the Narsingdi region of Bangladesh. Data were collected through the market survey, preset questionnaire interview, personal contact, and participatory rural appraisal tools. Amongst the respondents, the maximum percentages were found practicing mixed cultures of carp, tilapia, and pangas. The respondents suggested that epizootic ulcerative syndrome, saprolegniasis, streptococcosis, tail and fin rot and bacillary necrosis are common fish diseases in the area. About 140 drugs of different companies used in aquaculture for different purposes such as disease treatment, growth enhancement, water quality improvement, toxic gas removal, improvement of feed conversion ratio. Zeolite, rotenone, disinfectant, oxygen precursors, ammonia reducers, and probiotics were applied for pond preparation, water, and soil quality maintenance, while 30 different antibiotics were used for the purpose of treatment. Among the available antibiotics, oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, sulphadiazine, and trimethoprim were found extensively used by the fish farmers. Four enzymes and eighteen growth promoters were identified as being utilized to enhance digestion and boost up the production. This study elicited various issues connected with application and administration of such aqua chemicals, including farmers’ ignorance about their usage, proper doses, application methods, withdrawal period, and the human health concerns associated with their irresponsible use. However, the consequences of these chemical products to the environment, animal health, and human health required further study for the betterment of mankind.

Dietary effect of moringa (Moringa oleifera; Lamarck, 1785) leaf powder on growth response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; Linnaeus, 1758)

Management of fish health is one of the main considerations in aquaculture and different plant compounds are being used for supporting fish health to minimize the negative impacts of synthetic aqua drugs. In the present experiment, potentiality of moringa (Moringa oleifera; Lamarck, 1785) leaf as a nutritious dietary source for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; Linnaeus, 1758) fish was tested and the duration was two months from 30th September to 30th November, 2020. The moringa leaves were brought, cleaned, dried, and finally crushed into powder. Three experimental diets were formulated using the processed moringa leaf powder (MLP) at the rate of 0% (MLP0%) as control, 10% (MLP10%) and 20% (MLP20%) as treatment mixing with rice bran, wheat bran, mustard oil cake, fish meal, soya oil and vitamin-mineral premix. Fifteen tilapia fingerlings having average initial length 10.88±0.11 cm and initial weight 29.06±0.50 g was stocked in each tank with 90 L water. Sixty days feeding trial was performed with three replications of each treatment. The fishes were fed with formulated feeds twice daily at 9 am and 4 pm at a rate of 3% of their body mass. Sampling of fish and water quality parameters were carried out at twelve days interval. Moreover, the blood glucose and cholesterol of tilapia were measured monthly. Final length, final weight, weight gain, percent weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and production of tilapia were significantly different among the treatments. The highest FCR (3.17±0.25) and SGR (1.33±0.12 %) values were in MLP20% and MLP10%, respectively. In the experiment, the highest and the lowest tilapia production were 9.21±0.39 and 7.39±0.35 kg m-3 in MLP10% and MLP20%, respectively. The blood glucose values were significantly different among the treatments (p&lt; 0.05) and the highest value was in MLP0% (48.00±2.00 mg dl-1). Moreover, the highest and the lowest blood cholesterol was found in MLP0% (177.67±2.52 mg dl-1) and MLP20% (148.33±1.53 mg dl-1), respectively whereas the values were highly significantly different among the treatments (p≤ 0.01). Water quality parameters were statistically similar among the treatments (p&gt; 0.05) and the values were within acceptable range for tilapia culture. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (2), 153-163

Use and impact of veterinary drugs, antimicrobials, and supplements in fish health management

Objective:The study was carried out to investigate the use and impact of veterinary drugs, antimicrobials, and supplements in commercial aquaculture for fish health management measures in three selected areas of Mymensingh, Bangladesh.Materials and Methods:Data collection was conducted through questionnaire interviews with owners of 50 fish farms and 25 drug shop owners from Trishal, Fulpur, Tarakanda, and Sadar Upazila of Mymensingh district.Results:A total of 15 trade-named veterinary antibiotics and six categories of other compounds were identified in this study. Antibiotics were found as the most used veterinary drugs (80.85%), followed by disinfectants, nutritional supplements, saline, ammonia removal agents, probiotics, and pesticides. These veterinary compounds’ performances for fish health management were found to vary (10%–60%) significantly.Conclusion:This study’s findings urge the necessity to produce and approve effective aqua drugs and treatments to ensure farmed fish and public health.

Status of Aqua Drugs Applied in Freshwater Aquaculture of Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh

Aims: Our study aimed to assess the current situation of accessibility and the use of various chemicals and medicines in freshwater aquaculture.&#x0D; Methodology: A questionnaire interview survey was conducted among 14 aquaculture farms and 23 aqua chemical retailers.&#x0D; Results: Due to easy availability, farmers used large quantities of lime and cow dung to prepare ponds and manage water quality. Beside these rotenone, zeolite gold, acme’s zeolite, aqua kleen, urea and TSP (triple super phosphate) are also found. Timsen, polgard-plus, deltix, virex, magic-fos and pond-safe were mostly used as a disinfectant. Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS) disease was found predominantly in the farmer's pond. For disease treatment, renamycine soluble powder (oxy tetracycline) was used, 32% farmers. Two oxygen suppliers oxy gold and oxy life were used to increase oxygen concentration. Among 11 types of growth promoters were found in chemical shops in which charger gel and rapid grow were mostly used. Most farmers use gas trap and gasonex plus as gas reducer.&#x0D; Conclusions: There are mostly six categories of 48 aqua drugs and chemicals are observed and treated for health monitoring of fish and shellfish. Due to lack of knowledge concerning the proper dosage and procedure of using chemicals, technique of application and indiscriminate practice of chemicals etc. are common problems of aqua drugs in Moulvibazar district.

Effects of aqua drugs and chemicals on the farmed shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in southern coastal region of Bangladesh

The study was conducted to observe the effects of aqua drugs and chemicals on the health of farmed shrimp (Penaeusmonodon) in southern coastal region of Bangladesh. Samples were collected from shrimp farms and ghers in three upazilas of Cox’s Bazar district, namely Cox’s Bazar Sadar, Teknaf and Maheshkhaliupazila during March 2018 to October 2018. Data were collected through personal contact, questionnaire interview and discussion with key informants. During the study period water temperature were ranged between 26°C to 32°C in summer and 23°C in rainy season. The highest pH was 8.0 ± 0.20 recorded from Beximco Shrimp Farm of Cox’s Bazar Sadar in summer and the lowest was 7.0 ± 0.23 from the Aquaculture Farm Limited of Cox’s Bazar Sadar. Farmers in the study areas used Geotox to remove gas, TSP to proliferate algae and Zymetin to inhibit growth of pathogens and to promote shrimp growth. The highest recovery was recorded 90-96% by use of Bleaching powder in Aquaculture Farm limited of Cox’s Bazar Sadar area. On the other hand, the lowest recovery was recorded 60-65% by use of Zeolite plus in Beximco shrimp farm of Cox’s Bazar Sadarupazila. The average recovery was recorded from Beximco shrimp farm of Cox’s Bazar Sadarupazila. By use of EcodoxinZoothamniumwas 80-85% recovery. Farmers used more aqua-drugs in rainy season than summer. By use of Oxyflow instant oxygen supply was recorded 75-80% recovery. The highest recovery was recorded 90-95% by use of Lime in Unique Aquaculture of Teknaf. On the other hand, the lowest recovery was recorded 60-65% by use of Renamox in MKA shrimp farm of Teknafupazila. The average recovery was recorded Unique Aquaculture of Teknafupazila. From field and laboratory observations it was revealed that the study area had potentiality for shrimp culture, although necessary measures need to be taken specially during rainy season.&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 491-498

Availability of aqua drugs and their uses in semi intensive culture farms at Patuakhali district in Bangladesh

A survey was undertaken to examine the accessibility of aqua-drugs and their applications in the semi-intensive aquaculture farms in Patuakhali district. A total of 83 stakeholders were selected and data gathered from aqua-medicine stores, representatives of different pharmaceuticals and semi-intensive aqua-farms owners via questionnaire interviews. PRA tools like focused group discussion, cross-checking, and key informant interviews were also used. Results show that 78% of farmers conduct polyculture and rest executes monoculture. Among the total fish farmer majority, 38% used lime for pond preparation and water quality management and potash used by 44% farmer as a disinfectant. For increasing dissolve-oxygen Oxy-rich (26%) was vastly used while 28% of farmers don’t use any oxygen supplier in their pond. However, 14% of farmers use commercial Megavit-Aqua growth promoters and 14% farmer used probiotics. For disease control, 52% and 14% of farmers use Renamycin and Renamox respectively due to its easy availability and affordability compared to probiotics. Several issues have been reported due to improper use of aquatic medications, such as lack of information about chemical use, sufficient dosage, form of application and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This research result will help the policymaker to understand the requirement of fishers for healthy and sustainable aquaculture practices.

Aqua Drugs and Chemicals Used in Aquaculture in Jamalpur Sadar Upazila of Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to know the present status of use of commercial aqua drugs and chemicals and their impact on fish health management in Jamalpur sadar upazila (sub-district). A questionnaire survey was conducted for a period of seven months from December 2013 to June 2014 from nineteen small scale fish farms, seven commercial fish farms, eight fish hatcheries and seven chemical retailers. Five categories of aqua drugs and chemicals were identified and noted in the study area. Those drugs and chemicals were produced by the following seven pharmaceutical companies: Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Novarties Animal Health, ACI Animal Health, Fish Tech BD Ltd., Acme Laboratories, Reneta, and Eon Animal Health. Different types of diseases such as edwardsiellosis, EUS (epizotic ulcerative syndrome), red spot and different parasitic diseases were found to occur in pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus), tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica), sharputi (Puntius sarana), rui (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), Thai koi (Anabas testudineus), shing (Heteropneustes fossilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix). Geotox, JV Zeolite, Aquakleen and Biomin Aquaboost were used for water quality management; Oxyflow, Bio Care and Oxylife to improve dissolve oxygen level; Megavit Aqua, Aqua Boost, Aquamin, Acimix Super-fish, Square Aquamix and Vitax-C as growth promoter; Oxysentin 20%, Captor, Aquamycine and Renamycin soluble powder as antibiotics; Hepaprotect-Aqua, Timsen, Virex, Polgard Plus as disinfectant; lime, salt, formalin, potash and malachite green were used against fish diseases. Susceptible months of disease outbreak in the study area were November to February. The recovery of fish diseases was found from 50% to 95% in Jamalpur region. Farmers’ poor understandings about the application of aqua drugs and proper withdrawal period were found in the study area which might have adverse effect on fish and human health. Proper training of fish farming community about the appropriate dose and administration methods should be suggested for safe and sustainable aquaculture practices.

Aqua drugs and chemicals used in fish farms of Comilla regions

A study was carried out to investigate the drugs and medicine used in aquaculture activities in greater Comilla region in Bangladesh for fish health management and increasing aquaculture production. Questionnaire interview, personal contact, market survey and participatory rural appraisal like focus group discussion were conducted to collect the data. Approximately 138 stakeholders (24 drug companies, 14 drug traders/sellers and 100 fish farmers) were used to collect data from the selected upazilla of Comilla district. Major aquaculture species in experimental areas were monosex tilapia (6%), carps with tilapia (39%), carps with catfish (33%) and combination of carps, tilapia and catfish (22%) respectively. Among the total responded (rotenone 11%, bioaqua 6%, zeolite 33% and lime 50%) used for pond preparation and water quality management; (Bleaching 28%, EDTA 39%, formalin 11% and potash 22%) used as disinfectants; (ACI-OX 28%, oxymax 22%, oxy more 11%, oxy flow 22%) used as oxygenation into water; (lime 56%, salt 11% and potash 33%) used for disease treatment to fish; (oxytetracycline 44%, cotrim-vet 17%, amoxicillin 28% and chlortetracycline 11%) as antibiotics for disease treatments to fish; (aqua boost 28%, AQ grow-G 17%, Eon fish grower 22% and vitamin premix 22%) used as growth promoter; (aqua photo 28%, profs 39% pH fixer 22% and other 11%) used as probiotics and (ammonil 33%, bio-aqua-50 22%, gasonex plus 11% and others 17%) used as toxic gas reducer in the aquaculture pond in Comilla regions. This research findng will help to fish farming community to know the appropriate dose and administration methods for safe and sustainable aquaculture practices.

Optimization of doses of Megavit and Aquaboost on the growth performance of Thai pangas (Pangasius sutchi) in aquarium conditions

The present study was conducted to optimize doses of Megavit and Aquaboost on the growth performance of Thai pangas (Pangasius sutchi) in aquarium conditions. Six treatment with three replications were used (i) control; (ii) with less than recommended dose (LD) of aqua drugs (0.66 g/kg of the feed); (iii) recommended dose (RD) of aqua drugs (1 g/kg of the feed) and (iv), (v) and (vi) more than recommended doses (MRD) of aqua drugs (1.33g/ kg, 1.40 g/kg and 1.50g/kg of the feed) for 28 days in aquarium condition. In each aquarium 10 fingerlings of average initial weight 9.35 g were stocked. Feed containing either Aquaboost or Megavit, fed at 10% body weight of fish two times daily. The body weight was determined with time interval. Mortality rate also recorded. In case control feed, body weight increased slightly from initial 9.35 to 10.75g in 28 days but a positive trend in growth performance of pangas was observed after feeding different doses of aquaboost medicated diets. The highest increased body weight of 13.28±0.08g was observed in the treatment (iv) containing 1.33g/kg aquaboost in the diet of more than recommended doses where in recommended dose (iii) of 1 g/kg, the body weight of pangas increased to 11.52±0.09g. However, with the more recommended doses (MRD), (iv), (v) and (vi) in the diets, growth performance was declined. Similar results were also observed when feeding Megavit to pangas in 28 days in aquarium.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(2): 117-122, August 2017

Impact of aqua drugs and chemicals on the recoveries of fish diseases and total fish production in Sherpur region of Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of aqua-drugs and chemicals on fish health and total fish production in Sherpur region, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015. Forty nine different types of aqua-drugs and chemicals were recorded in the study area; among those sixteen types mainly ADDIC drugs and chemicals were widely used by the farmers for treatment of different fish diseases. It was recorded that GR Plus, Active Blue with Copper sulphate, ID Plus, Aqua c vit and H. vit plus were used for the treatment of EUS in Pangus, Shing and Thai koi which had an average recovery of 80-90%. For the treatment of Edwardsiellosis in Pangus and Thai koi, farmers used GR Plus, ID Plus, OTC power, Aqua c vit, H.vit plus and potassium permanganate which had an average recovery of 75-80%, and for the treatment of dropsy in Thai koi and Shing GR Plus, ID Plus, OTC power, Aqua c vit, H.vit plus and potassium permanganate were used which had an average recovery of 75-85%. Histopathology of liver and kidney of fishes were almost normal in control ponds, whereas, in fish organs from drug treated ponds had pathological changes like necrosis, pyknotic cells, hemorrhage, fat droplet, ilets of langerhens, degeneration of kidney tubules and vacuums. Total production of Thai koi, Shing and Pangus was 10,000 kg/acre, 10,000 kg/acre, and 13,000 kg/acre in drugs treated ponds; whereas, such value was 5,000 kg/acre, 4,500 kg/acre and 6,500 kg/acre in non-treaded ponds, respectively in the study areas. In control ponds, mortality rate was comparatively high and production was also low than drugs treated ponds. End of the experiment, it was observed that efficacy of drugs of Aqua Drug and Disease Information Centre (ADDIC) was excellent.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2015, 1(3): 600-606

Aqua drugs and chemicals used in aquaculture of Zakigonj upazilla, Sylhet

In order to investigate present status of aqua chemicals and drugs used in various aquaculture activities in Zakigonj upazilla, Sylhet. A survey was conducted, with carp polyculture, tilapia and catfish farmers, aqua-medicine sellers, representatives of pharmaceuticals companies, from July 2014 to November 2014. Each group consisted of 25 respondents. According to the survey the most common dose of lime used by the farmers during pond preparation (62.67%) and culture period (53%) is 0.5-1 kg/40m2. Urea and TSP used by the farmers mostly during culture period with most common dose of 100-150g/40m2(37.3%) and 50-100 g/40m2 (68%) respectively. Various categories of aqua drugs and chemicals were identified that were used by fish farmers for different purposes such as water quality management, disinfectants, improve dissolve oxygen level, disease treatment, antibiotics and growth promoter. Many pharmaceutical companies were found to provide these aqua drugs and chemicals with different trade names to fulfill the farmers demand. For pond and water quality management lime, urea and TSP are mostly used. Bleaching powder, Timsen, EDTA, Polgard, Virex, Aquakleen, Germnill, Pond safe were widely used as disinfectant. Health management and disease treatment were the major activities where farmers were seen to use a lot of chemicals. A range of chemicals including antibiotics were found available in market and being used in the aquaculture sector. Commonly found traditional chemicals in heath management included Potassium permanganate, Lime, Salt, Virex, Timsen, Aquakleen, Germnil, Pond Safe, Deletrix, Spa, Albez, Ablez were used regularly for disease treatment. Mostly used antibiotics are Renamycin, Oxysentin 20% Chlorsteclin Oxy-D Vet, Aquamycin, Orgamycin 15 %, Orgacycline-15% etc. Major active ingredients of these antibiotics were oxytetracycline, chlorotetracycline, amoxicillin, doxycycline etc. There are approximately fifty two pharmaceutical companies have been recorded to market around 300 products. Most of the products have been marketed from different countries like USA, Thailand, Malaysia, Belgium and China etc. The study also indicated some problems associated with the use of such chemicals due to lack of knowledge of farmers about the use of chemicals, appropriate dose, method of application and their indiscriminate use of chemicals. The study also highlighted the names and approximate price of aquaculture chemicals available with the chemicals sellers in Zakigonj, Sylhet.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 336-349

Effect of Growth Promoter (Rapid Growth) as a Supplementation on The Growth Performance Feed Utilization of Monosex Tilapia

The present study was conducted in farmer’s ponds at field level of Muktagachha upazilla to find out the effect of growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of monosex Tilapia fish. Growth promoter was used in the experimental cultured farm. This growth enhancing aqua drugs was used in feeds of Tilapia. The results indicated that the growth promoter was the best treatment which significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased of all growth performances (final weight, AWG, ADG and SGR), improved FCR, and best economic efficiency. It was clearly observed that there were distinct impacts of growth promoter on fish growth and production. In the present study water quality parameters were within the suitable range. Production of Tilapia i.e. 4650 kg/acre in promoter treated ponds whereas 3666 kg/acre in non treated ponds were recorded. Food conversion ratio (FCR) was 1.70 and 1.38 were found in the controlled and treated pond respectively. Clinically the treated fishes did not show any remarkable changes. There were no adverse effects on water quality criteria among all experimental treatments. It could be concluded that the inclusion of the commercial probiotic Rapid Grow at a level of 0.05mg Kg -1 diet at stocking density rate of 250 fish/ decimal of mono-sex Tilapia O. niloticus is useful to get the best fish performance with friendly effects on the environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v7i1.22152 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 7(1): 99-104 2014

Therapeutic performances of some selected aqua drugs

This study was carried out at the Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to verify the therapeutic performances of six commercial aqua drugs; three doses were selected as less than recommended, recommended and more than recommended to assess their performances. Before starting therapeutic experimental nine climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and six stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) were confirmed as diseased ones by their clinical signs. The backswimmers (Notonecta glauca) were collected from faculty of fisheries pond and fish louses (Argulus sp.) were collected from tilapia fishes. Effective doses and their performances were determined on the basis of desired water quality change and clinical signs. It was found that all the drugs performed better at more than recommended doses as follows Aqua Ox performed better at the rate of 0.2 mg/l, GR Plus, 0.0005 ml/l, ID Plus (5%), 0.00026 ml/l; Active Blue, 0.0002 ml/l; Hashpoka Killer, 0.0001 ml/l; and Para Control, 0.001 ml/l. So these doses were suggested as recommended doses.

Therapeutic performances of some selected aqua drugs

This study was carried out at the Disease Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh to verify the therapeutic performances of six commercial aqua drugs; three doses were selected as less than recommended, recommended and more than recommended to assess their performances. Before starting therapeutic experimental nine climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and six stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) were confirmed as diseased ones by their clinical signs. The backswimmers (Notonecta glauca) were collected from faculty of fisheries pond and fish louses (Argulus sp.) were collected from tilapia fishes. Effective doses and their performances were determined on the basis of desired water quality change and clinical signs. It was found that all the drugs performed better at more than recommended doses as follows Aqua Ox performed better at the rate of 0.2 mg/l, GR Plus, 0.0005 ml/l, ID Plus (5%), 0.00026 ml/l; Active Blue, 0.0002 ml/l; Hashpoka Killer, 0.0001 ml/l; and Para Control, 0.001 ml/l. So these doses were suggested as recommended doses.

Obtainable Drugs for Fish Hatchery Operation and Grow-out Ponds in Bangladesh

This study was carried out to evaluate the obtainable drugs, chemicals and antibiotics used in aquaculture activities in Bangladesh for increasing aquaculture production. This study was carried out using data collection method through questionnaire interview and personal contact. The study was carried out in Mymensingh Sadar upazila and Trishal upazila of Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July, 2011 to November, 2011. Data were collected through questionnaire interview, personal contact with hatchery and nursery owner as well as market survey with fish and shrimp farmers, retailers of animal medicine and representatives of pharmaceutical companies. About 46 questionnaires (16 pharmaceuticals companies, 14 drug traders/sellers, 10 fish farmers and 6 fish hatchery owners) were used to collect information. The study identified a number of commercial products with various trade names available in the market namely JV zeolite, geotox, green zeolite, orgavit aqua, fish vitaplus, AQ grow-G, oxyflow, oxy max and O2Original Research Article ArticleArticle Annual Research & Review in Biology, 4(7): 1036-1044, 2014 1037 marine which were most widely used. The survey discovered that 14 drug traders and 16 pharmaceuticals companies are actively involved in importing and marketing of the aqua drugs. Though Oxytetracycline and a potential sulfonamide are approved for the use of disease treatment but some off-labeled chemicals which had only trade name but no information about the active ingredient of these chemicals was discovered. The farmers of Bangladesh have little knowledge regarding the use of chemicals, their appropriate dose and method of application. For this perceptive the survey were taken so that the obtainable aqua drugs may be known as well as their appropriate dose and application method may be determined for safe aquaculture practices in Bangladesh.

Use of Aqua-chemicals in the Hatcheries and Fish Farms of Greater Noakhali, Bangladesh

This study was carried out in greater Noakhali region (Lakshmipur, Noakhali and Feni) to evaluate the type of aqua-chemicals used in aquaculture activities where data were collected through questionnaire interview, Focus Group Discussion (FCD), personal contact with fish farmers, hatchery and nursery owner, farm workers. A variety of aqua drugs and chemicals including antibiotics have been using in the region by farmers for fish health management and increasing production. Aqua-chemicals were commonly used for pond preparation, disease control and treatment of the carps, tilapia, prawns and weed fishes. Carps show very positive results when they were treated against the diseases, Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS), Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome (EUS), Saprolegniasis, Argulosis, Fin rot, Dropsy, Ichthyophthiriasis with oxytetracycline, potassium permanganate, sumithione, malachite green, dipterex, pillar sulfan, secofon, timsen, geolite and lime. The study also identified the problems associated with the use of chemicals which included lack of knowledge regarding the use of chemicals, appropriate dose, method of application and indiscriminate use of chemicals.