Approximate Location Research Articles

Chromosomal Location of xa19, a Broad-Spectrum Rice Bacterial Blight Resistant Gene from XM5, a Mutant Line from IR24.

Bacterial blight is an important rice disease caused by bacteria named Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). XM5 is an Xoo resistant mutant line with the genetic background of IR24, an Indica Xoo susceptible cultivar, induced by a chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). XM5 carries a recessive Xoo resistant gene, xa19. Trisomic analysis was conducted using the cross between XM5 and the trisomic series under the genetic background of IR24, showing that xa19 was located on chromosome 7. The approximate chromosomal location was found using 37 surely resistant plants in the F2 population from XM5 × Kinmaze, which was susceptible to most Japanese Xoo races. The IAS44 line carries a Japonica cultivar Asominori chromosomal segment covering the xa19 locus under the IR24 genetic background. Linkage analysis using the F2 population from the cross between XM5 and IAS44 revealed that xa19 was located within the 0.8 cM region between RM8262 and RM6728. xa19 is not allelic to the known Xoo resistant genes. However, its location suggests that it might be allelic to a lesion-mimic mutant gene spl5, some alleles of which are resistant to several Xoo races. Together with xa20 and xa42, three Xoo resistant genes were induced from IR24 by MNU. The significance of chemical mutagen as a source of Xoo resistance was discussed.

Approximate object location deep visual representations for image retrieval

Image descriptor based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN) has been presented to represent image in recent lots of works, outperforming the traditional feature for image retrieval. In this paper, a new method is proposed to capture real object regions in images for better search. In contrast to the existing method that process image as a whole, our method focuses on searching for approximate object region in an image. The proposed method mainly has the following two aspects: (i) we employ the sliding windows with the multiple scales over the image, to extract corresponding local CNN features. After processing feature, an optimized image representation with several categories of weights has been prepared for image retrieval and re-rank. (ii) On the basis of (i), we construct a new framework called approximate object location to search out the most similar domain, which can be applied in renewed retrieval, in an image for the query. This proposed framework provides a vector consisting of many locals in different scales for an image. According to experiments, our proposed method outperforms most current approaches based on CNN, and excels many previous algorithms based on costly bag-of-words.

Saliency Detection Based on Low-Level and High-Level Features via Manifold-Space Ranking

Saliency detection as an active research direction in image understanding and analysis has been studied extensively. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of saliency detection, we propose an efficient unsupervised salient object detection method. The first step of our method is that we extract local low-level features of each superpixel after segmenting the image into different scale parts, which helps to locate the approximate locations of salient objects. Then, we use convolutional neural networks to extract high-level, semantically rich features as complementary features of each superpixel, and low-level features, as well as high-level features of each superpixel, are incorporated into a new feature vector to measure the distance between different superpixels. The last step is that we use a manifold space-ranking method to calculate the saliency of each superpixel. Extensive experiments over four challenging datasets indicate that the proposed method surpasses state-of-the-art methods and is closer to the ground truth.

High impedance fault localization: A comprehensive review

• Review of HIF characteristics and simulation-based models. • Categorization of high impedance fault location studies in terms of finding fault location as exact and approximate location. • Comparison among the HIF location articles by considering the important indices. Locating high impedance faults (HIFs) is one of the biggest challenges in power networks. HIFs draw relatively low currents, so power system operators cannot easily detect them with conventional protection equipment. Therefore, finding the location of HIFs before they create catastrophic events in the network is crucial. Although several studies exist, a detailed evaluation of the proposed localization studies has not been discussed. In this paper, a comprehensive review of HIF localization methods by considering used models and some key indices is done. Furthermore, location techniques are categorized and compared with each other in terms of their pros and cons. Finally, some deduced results from reviewed localization papers are discussed in the study.

A Tree-Structure Analysis Network on Handwritten Chinese Character Error Correction

Existing researches on handwritten Chinese characters are mainly based on recognition network designed to solve the complex structure and numerous amount characteristics of Chinese characters. In this paper, we investigate Chinese characters from the perspective of error correction, which is to diagnose a handwritten character to be right or wrong and provide a feedback on error analysis. For this handwritten Chinese character error correction task, we define a benchmark by unifying both the evaluation metrics and data splits for the first time. Then we design a diagnosis system that includes decomposition, judgement and correction stages. Specifically, a novel tree-structure analysis network (TAN) is proposed to model a Chinese character as a tree layout. Using the predicted tree layout for judgement, if the character is wrongly written, correction operation is needed for error analysis. The correction stage mainly consists of three steps: fetch the ideal character, correct the errors and locate the errors. Computing the distance between the model output and all candidate characters can generate ideal characters. With the decomposition ability of TAN, edit distance computing between predicted tree and ideal tree can lead to correction operations. By using attention visualization, we can even provide the approximate error location. Through quantitative analysis, we prove that TAN captures more accurate spatial position information than regular encoder-decoder models. Additionally, we propose a novel bucketing mining strategy to apply triplet loss at radical level to alleviate feature dispersion. Experiments on handwritten character dataset demonstrate that our proposed TAN shows great superiority on all three metrics comparing with other state-of-the-art models.

Обработка и анализ сообщений для геокодирования аномальных ситуаций

The purpose of the research was to study and implement methods for collecting and processing data obtained from social networks to extract useful information about emergency situations. Information extracted from social media posts can help detect the fact of an emergency and establish its approximate geographical location based on the text of the record reporting the incident. Tools were designed and developed that implement the collection and analysis of records from the VK social network communities. A tool has been created to extract the geographical location described in the analyzed text. Basic natural language processing methods, named entity recognition methods, frequency analysis and geocoding tools are used to extract information. The developed programs may have practical significance for public authorities, security services and other interested organizations in the field of ensuring the safety and protection of the population.

Моделирование процесса работы локомотивных устройств безопасности посредством навигационно-связного оборудования

Currently, to improve the level of railway traffic safety, the most urgent thing is to develop locomotive safety devices through navigation and communication equipment. Such systems include the system of interaction with the locomotive via technical radio communication, which exchanges information with the locomotive in motion using self-diagnostic data. The article discusses the functions and arrangement of the safety systems improved by installing a temperature measurement sensor of the traction electric motor EDP-810 of the electric locomotive 2ES6. The results of the study on measuring the temperature of the electric motor are presented, the approximate location of the sensor installation is selected. Solutions for improving the quality of monitoring the technical condition of locomotives and further improving the operation, maintenance and repair process are presented.

Interactions, stress changes, mysteries, and partial forecasts of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye, earthquakes

Brought closer to failure by the Feb. 6, 2023, magnitude-7.8 shock, the magnitude-7.5 shock that struck nine hours later caused aftershocks to turn on in some zones and off in others. But why both shocks nucleated on secondary faults — one quite small, the other misaligned for failure — is unclear. Moreover, decades earlier, two independent groups noted the heightened risk of large earthquakes in the approximate location of the magnitude-7.8 event.

Conditioned Wiener processes as nonlinearities: A rigorous probabilistic analysis of dynamics

We study a Wiener process that is conditioned to pass through a finite set of points and consider the dynamics generated by iterating a sample path from this process. Using topological techniques we are able to characterize the global dynamics and deduce the existence, structure and approximate location of invariant sets. Most importantly, we compute the probability that this characterization is correct. This work is probabilistic in nature and intended to provide a theoretical foundation for the statistical analysis of dynamical systems which can only be queried via finite samples.

Robust Trajectory and Resource Optimization in UAV-Enabled IoT Networks under Probabilistic LoS Channel in Presence of Jammers

This paper studies the anti-jamming problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled Internet of Things (IoT) communication networks in the presence of a jammer under the accurate probabilistic line-of-sight (LoS) model. Our goal is to maximize the information collection throughput of the system under the assumption that only the jammer's approximate location is known. To this end, we formulate a throughput maximization problem by optimizing the UAV trajectory, the IoT devices' transmit power, and communication scheduling under the accurate real-time probabilistic LoS channel. However, the proposed optimization problem is non-convex and coupled, and hence intractable to be solved. In order to tackle the problem, a robust iterative algorithm is proposed by leveraging the block coordinate descent (BCD) method, the successive convex approximation (SCA) technology, the difference of convex (D.C) programming approach, and the S-procedure. Extensive simulation results show that our proposed algorithm significantly improves the system throughput while achieving a practical anti-jamming effect compared with the benchmark algorithms.

Transcutaneous Detection of Intramural Microchips for Tracking the Migration of the Equine Large Colon: A Pilot Study.

Colic remains the number one cause of mortality in horses, and large colon displacement including colonic volvulus is one of the leading causes for equine hospitalization and surgery. Currently, there is not an adequate model to study the pathophysiology of this condition. The objective of this proof-of-concept study was to determine if subserosal implantation of bioinert microchips in the large intestine would be detectable by a RFID (radio-frequency identification) receiver when the implanted microchips were adjacent to the body wall, thus identifying the location of the colon within the abdomen. A horse with no history of gastrointestinal disease underwent a ventral midline celiotomy to implant twelve bioinert microchips into the subserosa at predetermined locations within the large colon and cecum. A RFID scanner was used to monitor the location of the colon via transcutaneous identification 1-3 times daily for a one-month period. Following humane euthanasia, a postmortem examination of the horse was performed to assess microchip implantation sites for migration and histologic assessment. Eleven out of the 12 implanted microchips were successfully identified transcutaneously at occurrences as high as 100%. Odds ratios were calculated for the likelihood of identifying each chip in a location different from its most common location. Microchips implanted into the subserosa of the equine large colon can be used as a means of identifying the approximate location of the equine large colon via transcutaneous identification with an RFID scanner.

Mass detection in automated 3-D breast ultrasound using a patch Bi-ConvLSTM network

Breast cancer mortality can be significantly reduced by early detection of its symptoms. The 3-D Automated Breast Ultrasound (ABUS) has been widely used for breast screening due to its high sensitivity and reproducibility. The large number of ABUS slices, and high variation in size and shape of the masses, make the manual evaluation a challenging and time-consuming process. To assist the radiologists, we propose a convolutional BiLSTM network to classify the slices based on the presence of a mass. Because of its patch-based architecture, this model produces the approximate location of masses as a heat map. The prepared dataset consists of 60 volumes belonging to 43 patients. The precision, recall, accuracy, F1-score, and AUC of the proposed model for slice classification were 84%, 84%, 93%, 84%, and 97%, respectively. Based on the FROC analysis, the proposed detector obtained a sensitivity of 82% with two false positives per volume.

Posts About Students on Facebook: A Data Ethics Perspective

Public schools and districts use social media to share announcements and communicate with parents and the community, but alongside such uses run risks to students’ privacy. Using a novel data set of 18 million posts on Facebook by schools and school districts in the United States, we sought to establish how frequently photos of students were shared. Through sequential mixed-methods, we estimated that around 4.9 million posts included identifiable images of students and that approximately 726,000 of these posts also included students’ first and last names and their approximate location. We discuss these findings’ implications from a data ethics perspective.

Skin lesion segmentation by using object detection networks, DeepLab3+, and active contours

Developing an automatic system for detection, segmentation, and classification of skin lesions is very useful to aid well-timed diagnosis of skin diseases. Lesion segmentation is a crucial task for automated diagnosis of skin cancers, as it affects significantly the accuracy of the subsequent steps. Varieties in sizes and locations of lesions, and the lesions with low-contrast boundaries make this task very challenging. In this paper, a three-stage CNN-based method is presented for accurate segmentation of lesions from dermoscopic images. At the first step, normalization, approximate locations and sizes of lesions are estimated. Due to the importance of the normalization stage, three CNN-based networks (Mask R-CNN, RetinaNet, and YOLOv3) are used for the lesion detection. A convolutional network is presented and used to combine the results of the object detection networks with a novel approach. The output of the first stage is a normalized cropped image containing the detected lesion in the center. At the second stage, segmentation, a CNN in a DeepLab3+ structure, is used to extract the lesion from the normalized image. Finally, an active contour method is used as the postprocessing to enhance the boundary of the segmented lesion. The proposed method is evaluated on well-known datasets. Experiments show that the proposed method outperforms all the previous state-of-the-art methods.

DHNet: Salient Object Detection With Dynamic Scale-Aware Learning and Hard-Sample Refinement

During the annotation procedure of salient object detection, researchers usually locate the approximate location of the salient objects first and then process the pixels that need to be finely annotated. Following this idea, we find that the existing methods have limited exploration for solving the problem of positioning salient objects. Furthermore, no effective solution has been proposed for the hard-sample problem related to this task. Therefore, we propose dynamic scale-aware learning to learn dynamic scale weights that vary with different images to solve the first problem. Second, we design a dense sampling strategy for hard samples to construct a graph representation with samples from different classes and different confidence levels. Then, we achieve targeted feature aggregation based on the constructed graph with the help of the graph attention mechanism. We conduct extensive experiments on five benchmark datasets using comprehensive evaluation metrics. The results show that our method outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches.

Study on Microscopic Characteristics of Spatial Distribution of Fractures in Deteriorated Sandstone

In the underground environment with large buried depth and high ground stress, man-made disturbance is very easy to cause the rapid expansion of primary fractures in the rock, and then developed into the macrodynamic performance of rock. Based on the propagation law of elastic waves in discontinuous media, the application of acoustic emission detection technology can quickly determine whether there are primary fractures in the rock and predict its approximate location. In this work, CT scanning experiments of intact sandstone specimens and fractured sandstone specimens were performed. The gray value distribution of intact sandstone specimens and fractured sandstone specimens was studied. The sandstone specimens were divided into 4 zones (I~IV) from top to bottom. The height of each zone is from 0 mm to 25 mm, and the upper end face of each zone is the starting face. Acoustic emission experiments of intact sandstone and fractured sandstone are carried out based on the equilateral triangle sensor array. The dispersion of AE wave velocity and amplitude in intact sandstone specimens and fractured sandstone specimens is studied. The results show that the crack evolution law of sandstone specimens before and after preloading is closely related to the density distribution. The regular trend is from low density to high density. And the decay law of AE eigenvalue before and after preloading of sandstone specimen is consistent with the change trend of gray value. This shows that it is feasible to explore the spatial location of primary fractures and the degree of development of primary fractures in the rock through the equilateral triangle sensor array. In the actual project, it can provide some guidance and suggestions for related projects.

НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ ПРОЄКТУ ЗЕМЛЕУСТРОЮ ЩОДО ВІДВЕДЕННЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЇ ДІЛЯНКИ З КОМУНАЛЬНОЇ У ПРИВАТНУ ВЛАСНІСТЬ

In this article is stated that the procedure of the lands’ assignation is particularly relevant. In accordance with the Constitution of Ukraine "Land is the main national wealth, which is under special protection of the state." Because of this, there is a need to analyze the legal framework, to reveal all the intricacies of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Land Code, problems that may arise in the process of assignation lands, and other documents. Land ownership is guaranteed. This right acquires and realizes by citizens, artificial person and by the state exclusively in accordance with Art. 14 of the Constitution of Ukraine. It should be noted that the legal order in Ukraine is based on the principles according to which no one can be forced to do what is not provided by law. Public authorities, local governments, and their officials should act only on the basis, within the powers and in the process provided by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine in accordance with Art. 19 of the Constitution of Ukraine. It should be emphasized that the citizens of Ukraine have the right to get own land free of charge, but many citizens don’t use this right because of their legal ignorance. It can have many reasons, but the main reason is the low level of legal awareness of citizens nowadays. Practical experience shows that citizens who are interested in getting land free of charge, knowing about this right, always try to find out at the place of application for permission to allocate land from state or communal ownership in the local government. According to the previous paragraph, the legal awareness of citizens is not at the highest level, they need to learn current legislation in more details, and if it’s necessary, inquire detailed information from the competent authorities. Often there are cases of queues for getting lands. There is a misconception that it is enough to write a statement without specifying a targeted location and targeted dimensions. As a result, citizens receive a reasoned refusal of their application. Another problem that occurs nowadays, is that citizens believe that they can get land only at the place of their registration, but the Land Code regulates otherwise. It should be noted that if citizens knows all the procedure of abstraction lands apply for permission to get land from state or communal ownership, they should indicate the approximate location and approximate size, as well as they know that their application must be considered within a month. The problem is not considering of citizens' applications. The problem is that the mayor doesn’t ensure the proper work of the executive committee. That’s why most citizens who have not received permission consult with lawyers or attorneys to prove in court that their rights were violated.

Permafrost Early Deformation Signals before the Norilsk Oil Tank Collapse in Russia

Despite the profound roles of surface deformation monitoring techniques in observing permafrost surface stability, predetermining the approximate location and time of possibly occurring severe permafrost degradation before applying these techniques is extremely necessary, but has received little attention. Taking the oil tank collapse accident in the Norilsk region as a case, we explored this concern by analyzing the permafrost deformation mechanisms and determining early surface deformation signals. Regarding this case, we firstly applied the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique to obtain its permafrost surface deformation rate, then utilized a sine model to decompose its interannual deformation and seasonal deformation, and finally compared the relationship between the topographic slope and deformation rate. Based on experimental results, we reveal that when the annual average temperature continuously increases at a rate of 2 °C/year for 2∼3 consecutive years, permafrost areas with relatively large topographic slopes (>15°) are more prone to severe surface deformation during the summer thaw period. Therefore, this paper suggests that permafrost areas with large topographic slopes (>15°) should be taken as the key surveillance areas, and that the appropriate monitoring time for employing surface deformation monitoring techniques should be the summer thawing period after a continuous increase in annual average temperature at a rate of 2 °C/year for 2∼3 years.

Krzyżacki przekop w rejonie rzek Wel i Wkra pod Lidzbarkiem. Konfrontacja dawnej i nowej historiografii z badaniami terenowymi

Teutonic Ditch in the Area of the Wel and Wkra Rivers near Lidzbark. Confrontation of Old and New Historiography with Field Research Every so often we witness a return of a hitherto unresolved topic about the hydraulic engineering works conducted by the Teutonic Knights in the vicinity of Lidzbark. There are several opinions concerning the location of and reasons for their endeavor. There is original documentation in Latin from the mid-14th century with a reference to the approximate location of the works. Subsequent information on this subject appeared at the end of the 19th century. On the basis of contemporary geological studies, the author tries to refute the thesis that the Teutonic Knights dug a trench from Cibórz to Lidzbark, thus connecting two rivers called Wel and Wkra. The presumed 14th-century construction is a watercourse from the Wel River in Bełk (below Cibórz) to Turza Mała and the Płośniczanka River. The Wel river was called Vcra (1260); Wykara (1303), Welle (1600), or Wkra (1945), while on the Henneberger map from 1600, the Płośniczanka river was called Wellefluss, and the changes in its course are most visible in the vicinity of the Koty village. Presumably there was a translation error: the Teutonic Knights made a ditch in the vicinity of Cibórz and released water to Lidzbark, which was interpreted as: ‘The Teutonic Knights made a ditch from Cibórz to Lidzbark’. Contemporary geological studies and maps exclude the possibility of connecting the Wel and Wkra rivers in the Middle Ages, while in the Holocene, there was a natural connection, the trace of which is the old riverbed called Martwica. The article describes the present physical state of the area in the Lubawa region.

S3348 Attraction-Not so Attractive: Case Series of Endoscopic Removal of Buckyballs from Colon via Magnetism of Insertion Tube

Introduction: Neodymium magnets, also known as buckyballs, are powerful toy magnets that, when separated, can attract to one another with formidable force. Retrieval of these magnets requires endoscopy, oftentimes emergently, to prevent pressure necrosis of bowel wall between 2 magnets. Here, we describe two pediatric patients with magnet ingestion where the magnets were difficult to visualize in the distal small bowel/colon due to their attraction to the insertion tube of the colonoscope. Case Description/Methods: A 14-year-old female accidentally swallowed 4 buckyball magnets. At presentation, the magnets were seen connected in a linear fashion in the stomach on Xray; however, the magnets had moved before endoscopy could be performed. Repeat X rays over a 54-hour period showed persistence of the magnets in the right lower quadrant despite the use of laxatives. CT abdomen confirmed the magnets’ position in the distal ileum or cecum. During colonoscopy and ileoscopy, no magnets were visualized. On careful withdrawal of the scope, the 4 magnets were seen attracted to one another in the rectum. The magnets were then removed with a Roth net. An 11-year-old male accidentally swallowed 2 buckyball magnets. The 2 attracted magnets moved to the right lower quadrant on X ray where they remained for 54 hours. During colonoscopy, no magnets were visualized in the cecum. However, during an attempt at ileoscopy, the connected magnets appeared in the cecum and the magnets were then moved with a Roth net. (Figure) Discussion: For these patients, the magnets were not visualized initially during colonoscopy. It is our theory that due to their powerful magnetic force, the magnets were attracted to the magnetic insertion tube, proximal to the non-magnetic bending section of the scope and approximately 15 cm from the lens. Therefore, the endoscopist was not able to visualize the magnets until they were physically separated from the insertion tube. Endoscopists should be aware that the magnets may adhere to the insertion tube, which is not in the field of vision and can lead to confusion during colonoscopy. When considering this possibility, we recommend retroflexion of the bending segment if in an approximate location of the magnets per imaging. Additionally, we recommend re-examining the rectum as the magnets may disconnect from the scope as the insertion tube is withdrawn past the anal sphincter, leaving the magnets behind in the rectum to be visualized by the non-magnetic lens and bending section.Figure 1.: A. Buckyball magnets with no attraction to the bending segment of colonoscope B. Buckyball magnets attracted to insertion tube portion of colonoscope.