Appropriate Timing Of Treatment Research Articles

Appropriate Time of Deep-Water Treatment for Regulation of Rice Growth.

In Japan, deep-water treatment is occasionally used to regulate the rice growth. For practical use of this method, it is necessary to determine the appropriate time of treatment. In this study, deep-water treatment (water depth level: 3cm above the auricle of the fully expanded leaf) was given for 16 days from the start of the tillering stage (DW A), from the end of the early tillering stage (DW B), from the active tillering stage (DW C) or from just prior to the maximum tiller-number stage (DW D). The percentage productive culms was high in the DW C plot (26 points higher than the control plot), while it was low in DW A, B and D plots. In the DW C plot, not only the panicle number, but also the weight and length of panicles were increased. In the DW B, C and D plots, the diameter of the basal two internodes, which are closely related to lodging, was larger than that in the control plot, but the breaking strength of internodes was not increased. In the DW D plot, although the diameter of the basal two internodes increased by 20% as compared with the control, the breaking strength was reduced by 20∼24% due to the well-developed aerenchyma within the parenchyma. Thus, the deep-water treatment from the active tillering stage to the maximum tiller-number stage was effective for improving rice growth. However, an earlier treatment was less effective, and a later treatment was suggested to reduce the lodging resistance due to the well-developed aerenchyma in the internodes.

Mortality Hazard Functions as Related to Neutropenia at Different Times After Marrow Transplantation

We characterized the relationship between severe neutropenia and risk of death in 2,276 patients after marrow transplantation to define objective and clinically relevant criteria that could be used to judge the timing and potential value of interventions designed to improve survival in patients with delayed initial engraftment. Proportional hazard models were used to estimate the relative risk of death before day 100 among patients alive on any given day with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 100/microL compared with those alive on the same day with an ANC > or = 100/microL. Between day 10 and 14, the risk ratio remained close to 1.0, indicating that the risk of death before day 100 for patients with an ANC less than 100/microL was similar to that for patients with an ANC > or = 100/microL. Between day 15, when 38% of patients had an ANC less than 100/microL, and day 26, when 3.8% of patients had an ANC less than 100/microL, the risk ratio showed an overall upward trend, indicating that patients with an ANC less than 100/microL had a higher risk of death before day 100 than those with an ANC > or = 100/microL. Thereafter, the risk ratio fluctuated between 2.01 and 5.78, indicating consistently higher risks of mortality in patients with severe neutropenia. However, allogeneic and autologous transplant recipients each had distinctive risk ratio patterns. These results could be helpful in deciding the appropriate timing for treatment given to improve graft function after marrow transplantation.

EARLY COMPLICATIONS OF GASTRECTOMY; WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING.

During the past 15 years, various methods of restoring gastrointestinal continuity after subtotal gastrectomy have been introduced and widely employed. The use of the duodenum or jejunum for anastomosis, the position of the gastrojejunostomy with reference to the transverse colon, and the size of the stoma have accounted for the main differences in these methods. The present report is concerned with the early complications of gastrectomies in relation to these various methods of reconstruction. We were particularly interested in the incidence and etiology of delayed gastric emptying since there is some uncertainty as to the means or timing of appropriate treatment. We hoped that the demonstration of a correlation between this complication and antecolic or retrocolic anastomosis or stomal size would result in recommendations for more effective therapy. Materials and Methods Data are presented from 451 patients on whom gastrectomies were performed by the senior residents at the University of