Correct Approach Research Articles

Research on Predictive Maintenance Methods for Current Transformers with Iron Core Structures

The reliable operation of power systems is heavily dependent on effective maintenance strategies for critical equipment. Current maintenance methods are typically categorized into corrective, preventive, and predictive approaches. While corrective maintenance often results in significant downtime and preventive maintenance can be inefficient, predictive maintenance emerges as a promising technique for accurately forecasting faults. In this study, we investigated the diagnosis and prediction of fault states, specifically single-phase short circuit (1HCF) and double-phase short circuit (2HCF) faults, using monitoring data from current transformers in 110 kV substations. We proposed a predictive maintenance method for current transformers based on core-type structures, which integrates wavelet transform to extract multi-level frequency domain features, employs feature selection techniques (including the Spearman correlation coefficient and mutual information) to identify key predictive features, and utilizes Random Forest classifiers for fault state prediction. Experimental results demonstrate an overall prediction accuracy of 94%.

Achieving water budget closure through physical hydrological process modelling: insights from a large-sample study

Abstract. Modern hydrology is embracing a data-intensive new era, with information from diverse sources currently providing support for hydrological inferences at broader scales. This results in a plethora of data-reliability-related challenges that remain unsolved. The water budget non-closure is a widely reported phenomenon in hydrological and atmospheric systems. Many existing methods aim to enforce water budget closure constraints through data fusion and bias correction approaches, often neglecting the physical interconnections between water budget components. To solve this problem, this study proposes a Multisource Dataset Correction Framework grounded in Physical Hydrological Process Modelling to enhance water budget closure, termed the PHPM-MDCF. The concept of decomposing the total water budget residuals into inconsistency and omission residuals is embedded in this framework to account for different residual sources. We examined the efficiency of the PHPM-MDCF and the distribution of residuals across 475 contiguous United States (CONUS) basins selected by hydrological simulation reliability. The results indicate that the inconsistency residuals dominate the total water budget residuals, exhibiting highly consistent spatiotemporal patterns. This portion of residuals can be significantly reduced through PHPM-MDCF correction and achieved satisfactory efficiency. The total water budget residuals decreased by 49 %, on average, across all basins, with reductions exceeding 80 % in certain basins. The credibility of the correction framework was further verified through noise experiments and comparisons with existing methods. In the end, we explored the potential factors influencing the distribution of residuals and found notable scale effects, along with the key role of hydro-meteorological conditions. This emphasizes the importance of carefully evaluating the water balance assumption when employing multisource datasets for hydrological inference in small and humid basins.

Diagnostic Challenges in the Pathological Approach to Pleural Mesothelioma

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) still represents a complex diagnostic challenge for pathologists in routine practice. This diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach, and pathological evaluation is mandatory. The histopathological diagnosis is stepwise and should be based on morphological and immunohistochemical assessment, sometimes associated with molecular tests, and supported by clinical and radiological findings. A correct morphological approach aims to exclude pleural metastasis or benign mesothelial proliferations, which are the main differential diagnoses. While certain histological features are diagnostic of MPM, others are highly suggestive but not definitive. Immunohistochemistry plays a pivotal role, with a panel of both traditional and newer markers being used to assess mesothelial differentiation and to differentiate malignant from benign proliferations. In more challenging cases, molecular tests, such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect CDKN2A deletion, can be helpful in distinguishing malignant from benign pleural lesions. This review summarizes the key morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features that should be considered when pleural biopsy samples are examined, with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy in this complex area.

Comparing two corrective exercise approaches for body image and upper-quadrant posture in schoolgirls with hyperkyphosis

Proper posture is essential for healthy living. Maintaining an ideal upright posture is one of the most critical indicators of the health of the musculoskeletal and movement systems. The current study compared the effectiveness of 6 weeks of NASM-based exercise training and eccentric-based exercise programs on body image and upper-quarter posture in schoolgirls with hyperkyphosis. In this randomized, controlled study, two intervention groups that received 6 weeks of NASM and eccentric-based exercise were compared with a control group that did nothing but continue their daily activities. For the purpose of conducting the experiment, 14 subjects were assigned to two groups (eccentric-based and control), and 12 subjects were assigned to the NASM group by using a simple blocked randomization method. The body esteem scale questionnaire was used to assess participants’ body image in the groups. Likewise, the photogrammetric technique and Kyphometer were used to gather data from all groups before and after six weeks of targeted corrective exercises. Differences in responses to workouts across groups were investigated using analysis of variance-covariance (ANCOVA) followed by post hoc Bonferroni tests. The results from the ANCOVA analysis indicated significant differences between the experimental and control groups regarding the effects of time*group on kyphosis (P < 0.001), shoulder angle (P < 0.001), and forward head posture (P < 0.001). Nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the considered groups regarding body image (P = 0.617). Based on the Bonferroni test, we found a significant difference between the control and eccentric-based groups for postural parameters measured during the study (P < 0.001). Similarly, both the control and NASM groups demonstrated significant differences for all variables(P < 0.001), except the body image. However, we could not find any statistical difference between the NASM training group and the eccentric-based exercise group concerning the upper quarter postural variables that were mentioned before. This study demonstrates that compared with a control group, schoolgirls with hyper-kyphosis who received a six-week intervention of eccentric-based and NASM- based exercises had significantly improved postural parameters but not body image. Despite these advantages, the improved kyphosis, shoulder angle, and forward head posture did not differ significantly between the NASM-based and eccentric-based exercise groups.

CoRRection – an open source software tool for RR intervals processing

Abstract Introduction: An analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is widely used in clinical and research. To properly calculate HRV parameters, the RR intervals series must be properly preprocessed. There are already automated tools for correcting these artifacts; however, they are not fully transparent and fully customizable. To address these limitations, we introduce CoRRection, a semi-automatic tool for RR interval correction, which integrates both automatic and manual approaches providing greater control over which intervals are corrected. Material and Methods: The application offers detection and correction methods. Additionally, it allows to manually remove an artifact before applying a correction method. It also allows to clean artifacts in shorter segments which enables applying different detection methods in one example, e.g., gathered during intense exercise. The application provides a test to assess signal stationarity (Augmented Dickey-Fuller test). After signal processing the report is created, containing the number of probes deleted and modified. Results: The proposed CoRRection application allows both technical and non-technical users to preprocess RR signals with a better control over the process by enabling the use of semi-automatic approach. A few examples of studies which required Correction’s unique approach of semi-automatic correction were presented. The need for different methods and not only considering different examinations, but also different segments within one recording was emphasized. Conclusions: We have presented a new application designed to preprocess RR intervals signal with a few popular detection and correction methods. This approach enables a good compromise between a precise manual approach and a less time-consuming automatic approach. The semi-automatic method of artifact correction empowers users to explore multiple identification and correction methods (and to choose the one best fitted to the data or measurement conditions), and offers a better understanding of the examination preprocessing tools. This may also result in a better trust in the automatic approach among the users.

First branchial cleft anomalies in children: long-term outcome in 16 patients.

First branchial cleft anomalies (FBCA) are rare congenital head and neck malformations, often subject to incorrect diagnosis and treatment. We present our experience with FBCA, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnosis, perioperative relation to the facial nerve, surgical approach, complications and patient satisfaction. A consecutive cohort of 16 patients undergoing surgical treatment for FBCA between 1999 and 2021 was analyzed. Demographic and clinical information was extracted from their medical records. Additionally 14 patients were interviewed by telephone to assess postoperative outcomes and patient satisfaction using a Likert scale. Sixteen patients (11 females, 5 males) were surgically treated at an age ranging from 7months to 13years. Type I and type II FBCA were evenly distributed. Lesions presented as cysts (n = 4), sinuses (n = 7) or fistulas (n = 5). The main symptoms were swelling, inflammation and discharge. Otologic symptoms were present in 31%. In 80% of patients, magnetic resonance imaging was needed to reach the correct diagnosis. Ten patients (63%) had a history of a surgical attempt in another center before definitive surgical treatment in our center. Complete excision was accomplished in all patients. Postoperative complications included limited Frey syndrome (n = 4), temporary hypertrophic scarring (n = 4), minimal paresis of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (n = 1) and limited external auditory canal stenosis (n = 1). One patient experienced a recurrence at the level of the external auditory canal, that required minor revision surgery. The average patient satisfaction score was 13.64 out of 15. Thorough clinical examination, awareness of the different entities and awareness of expert head and neck radiological advice are crucial for correct FBCA diagnosis and typing, determining the correct surgical approach. It is crucial that patients diagnosed with FBCA undergo surgery in specialized centers. Despite the challenging surgery and its potential complications, the overall patient satisfaction remains high post- treatment.

Patch-based dual-domain photon-counting CT data correction with residual-based WGAN-ViT.

X-ray photon-counting detectors (PCDs) have recently gained popularity due to their capabilities in energy discrimination power, noise suppression, and resolution refinement. The latest extremity photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) scanner leverages these advantages for tissue characterization, material decomposition, beam hardening correction, and metal artifact reduction. However, technical challenges such as charge splitting and pulse pileup can distort the energy spectrum and compromise image quality. Also, there is a clinical need to balance radiation dose and imaging speed for contrast-enhancement and other studies. This paper aims to address these challenges by developing a dual-domain correction approach to enhance PCCT reconstruction quality quantitatively and qualitatively. We propose a novel correction method that operates in both projection and image domains. In the projection domain, we employ a residual-based Wasserstein generative adversarial network (R-WGAN) to capture local and global features, suppressing pulse pileup, charge splitting, and data noise. This is facilitated with traditional filtering methods in the image domain to enhance signal-to-noise ratio while preserving texture across each energy channel. To address GPU memory constraints, our approach utilizes a patch-based volumetric refinement network. Our dual-domain correction approach demonstrates significant fidelity improvements across both projection and image domains. Experiments on simulated and real datasets reveal that the proposed model effectively suppresses noise and preserves intricate details, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods. This approach highlights the potential of dual-domain PCCT data correction to enhance image quality for clinical applications, showing promise for advancing PCCT image fidelity and applicability in preclinical/clinical environments.

Nonparametric simultaneous tolerance intervals for small dimensions based on kernel density estimates

The tolerance interval plays an important role in many applications. Its property of containing a specified proportion of sampled population values with high degree of confidence makes its computation meaningful. Whenever there are several populations, it may be of interest to perform simultaneous inference. For this reason, this study proposes methods to construct simultaneous tolerance intervals (STIs). Furthermore, since in many cases of practical applications the underlying distribution is unknown, the proposed STIs are derived under a nonparametric setting. The proposed procedures and algorithms are then assessed through performance metrics, such as estimated coverage probabilities and expected lengths. The performance of the proposed methodology is also compared with the Bonferroni correction approach. The proposed methods show accurate results, with coverage probabilities close to the nominal level. The nonparametric STIs computed using the proposed methods are generally better than the ones obtained through a Bonferroni-corrected approach. A real-life application on the assessment of liver function is presented to illustrate the use of the proposed method.

Evaluation and statistical correction of area-based heat index forecasts that drive a heatwave warning service.

Abstract This study evaluates the performance of the area-based, district heatwave forecasts that drive the Australian heatwave warning service. The analysis involves using a recently developed approach of scoring multicategorical forecasts using the FIxed Risk Multicategorical (FIRM) scoring framework. Additionally, we quantify the stability of the district forecasts between forecast updates. Notably, at longer lead times, a discernible overforecast bias exists that leads to issuing severe and extreme heatwave district forecasts too frequently. Consequently, at shorter lead times forecast heatwave categories are frequently downgraded with subsequent revisions. To address these issues, we demonstrate how isotonic regression can be used to conditionally bias correct the district forecasts. Finally, using synthetic experiments, we illustrate that even if an area warning is derived from a perfectly calibrated gridded forecast, the area warning will be biased in most situations. We show how these biases can also be corrected using isotonic regression which could lead to a better warning service. Importantly, the evaluation and bias correction approaches demonstrated in this paper are relevant to forecast parameters other than heat indices.

Combining automation and expertise: A semi-automated approach to correcting eye-tracking data in reading tasks

In reading tasks, drift can move fixations from one word to another or even another line, invalidating the eye-tracking recording. Manual correction is time-consuming and subjective, while automated correction is fast – yet limited in accuracy. In this paper, we present Fix8 (Fixate), an open-source GUI tool that offers a novel semi-automated correction approach for eye-tracking data in reading tasks. The proposed approach allows the user to collaborate with an algorithm to produce accurate corrections faster without sacrificing accuracy. Through a usability study (N = 14) we assess the time benefits of the proposed technique, and measure the correction accuracy in comparison to manual correction. In addition, we assess subjective workload through the NASA Task Load Index, and user opinions through Likert-scale questions. Our results show that, on average, the proposed technique was 44% faster than manual correction without any sacrifice of accuracy. In addition, users reported a preference for the proposed technique, lower workload, and higher perceived performance compared to manual correction. Fix8 is a valuable tool that offers useful features for generating synthetic eye-tracking data, visualization, filters, data converters, and eye-movement analysis in addition to the main contribution in data correction.

Outcomes Following Modified Chevron Osteotomy Combined With Akin Osteotomy for Severe Hallux Valgus: A Prospective Study.

The definitive guideline for the osteotomy technique or the superiority of a particular surgical approach for severe hallux valgus correction remains elusive. Here, we investigated the clinical and radiographic outcomes following modified distal chevron osteotomy coupled with proximal Akin osteotomy to correct severe hallux valgus. A prospective cohort study was performed on 45 patients (62 feet) diagnosed with severe hallux valgus, undergoing the modified distal chevron osteotomy technique described in this study, combined with proximal Akin osteotomy. The radiographic variables: hallux valgus angle and intermetatarsal angle, were measured, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association scoring system was used to assess the clinical curative effect at six weeks and one-year intervals following surgery. Compared to the preoperative assessments, the hallux valgus and intermetatarsal angles were significantly decreased, and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Association score was increased markedly in both postoperative follow-ups. The difference between the variables was comparable at the six-week and one-year postoperative reassessments. No severe surgical complications or recurrences were observed. The combined use of modified distal chevron osteotomy and proximal Akin osteotomy demonstrated favorable therapeutic outcomes and satisfactory surgical correction. The above-mentioned surgical technique can be, therefore, recommended to correct the severe hallux valgus deformity. Level of Clinical Evidence: 2.

Assessment of Future Climate Change in the Huaihe River Basin Using Bias-Corrected CMIP5 GCMs with Consideration of Climate Non-Stationarity

The Huaihe River Basin is particularly vulnerable to climate change. This paper first evaluated interpolation methods for different meteorological elements, followed by an assessment of the simulation performance of various Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) Global Climate Models (GCMs) for these elements. We then applied the Improved Quantile Mapping (IQM) method for bias correction of the GCMs. Finally, we analyzed the characteristics of future climate change in the Huaihe River Basin. The results show the following: (1) The radial basis function interpolation method is the most effective for rainfall, while Kriging performs best for air temperature. (2) The HadGEM2-AO model provides the most accurate rainfall simulations, MIROC-ESM best simulates maximum air temperature, and HadGEM2-ES is most effective for minimum air temperature. (3) The IQM method outperforms other approaches for bias correction of climate variables in the basin. (4) Future projections show an increase in both rainfall and air temperature, with more pronounced rises under the RCP8.5 scenario. Additionally, rainfall and maximum air temperature show considerable spatial variation across emission scenarios, while minimum air temperature consistently exhibits an upward trend.

Ischemic colitis secondary to arteriovenous malformation, a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding

Abstract We present the case of a 65-year-old patient who presents with rectorrhagia with hemodynamic compromise, caused by ischemic colitis secondary to a vascular malformation at the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. The presence of arteriovenous malformations in the abdominal territory is rare and it can lead to ischemic colitis as a consequence of the arteriovenous shunt and the decrease in oxygen supply to the surrounding tissue. Since this condition can simulate other more common inflammatory pathologies, it is usually a diagnostic challenge for the clinician and it is necessary to keep it in mind for a correct therapeutic approach.

Can Viewing Modality Affect Frontal Mandibular Bone Height Measurement? A Comparison Between 3D Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Viewer and Printed Portable Document Format Cone Beam Computer Tomography Reports.

Objectives: Buccal cortical bone dimensions are crucial in dental radiology, as they impact orthodontic treatment outcomes. Changes in alveolar bone dimensions can result in malocclusion and require interdisciplinary approaches for correction. The accurate quantification of buccal bone dimensions is crucial for appropriate treatment planning and avoiding medico-legal issues. This study aimed to compare buccal bone height measurements between three-dimensional (3D) digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) data and portable document format (PDF) cone beam computer topography reports for mandibular frontal teeth, testing the hypothesis of no difference in values between the two modalities. Methods: Each of the five observers performed a total of 720 height measurements (360 by DICOM and 360 by PDF), yielding a total of 3600 measurements overall. Results: Compared with the DICOM format, using PDF files was associated with a significantly greater rate of inability to carry out the measurements (8.8% vs. 3%, respectively, p < 0.001, chi-square). The average buccal bone height measured in the DICOM was 11.51 mm, which was significantly greater than the 10.35 mm measured in the PDF (p < 0.001). The mean height measured by the DICOM was consistently greater than that measured by the PDF, with highly significant differences in the findings of four of the examiners (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Viewing modality significantly affected the height of the buccal bone in the frontal mandibular area. Compared with the generated PDF reports, the 3D DICOM viewer performed better than the printed PDF and enabled more measurements in the target area.

Optimizing Mechanical Ventilation: A Clinical and Practical Bedside Method for the Identification and Management of Patient-Ventilator Asynchronies in Critical Care.

The prompt identification and correction of patient-ventilator asynchronies (PVA) remain a cornerstone for ensuring the quality of respiratory failure treatment and the prevention of further injury to critically ill patients. These disruptions, whether due to over- or under-assistance, have a profound clinical impact not only on the respiratory mechanics and the mortality associated with mechanical ventilation but also on the patient's cardiac output and hemodynamic profile. Strong evidence has demonstrated that these frequently occurring and often underdiagnosed events have significant prognostic value for mechanical ventilation outcomes and are strongly associated with prolonged ICU stays and hospital mortality. Halting the consequences of PVA relies on the correct identification and approach of its underlying causes. However, this often requires advanced knowledge of respiratory physiology and the evaluation of complex ventilator waveforms in patient-ventilator interactions, posing a challenge to intensive care practitioners, in particular, those less experienced. This review aims to outline the most frequent types of PVA and propose a clinical algorithm to provide physicians with a structured approach to assess, accurately diagnose, and correct PVA.

A combined approach of performance evaluation and position distortion correction for a multitube position-sensitive neutron detector

A new multitube position-sensitive detector (PSD) for small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer at the Chinese Mianyang Research Reactor was assembled in 2021. This paper presents the experimental design and implementation aimed at noise reduction, spatial resolution testing, and position correction for the multitube PSD. In addition, the analysis results indicate that the deviation of the linear fitting correction increases linearly with the gain difference between the two ends of the PSD, ultimately hindering effective position correction. To address this issue, a new position correction method for multitube PSDs has been proposed that is simpler, more accurate, and broadly applicable to similar detectors.

The return of Vyborg governorate to the "inner" Russia: the legal dimension of the search for national borders

The article is devoted to the analysis of projects for joining first part and then the entire territory of the Vyborg province of the Grand Duchy of Finland to the St. Petersburg province bordering it. The features of the government discourse that emerged during the discussion of the planned transformations are considered, and a comparative analysis of cases of "symbolic" confrontation of the imperial administration with alternative national projects for territories with a special institutional structure is carried out. The object of the study is the national policy of the Russian Empire towards Finland in the 1910s, the subject is the office materials of the Special Meeting on the Affairs of the Grand Duchy of Finland and the interdepartmental Commission chaired by Secretary of State S. E. Kryzhanovsky. The main attention is paid to the draft law "On the accession of the Kivineb, Novokirk and Teriyok communities of the Vyborg province to the St. Petersburg province." The author used traditional methods for historical and legal research: analysis, synthesis, a systematic approach and formal legal. It is concluded that the projects under study, on the one hand, reflected a change in the priorities of the national policy of the Russian government from a broad program of Russification of the outskirts to the formation of the "national core" of the empire, on the other hand, represented a unique attempt to harmonize two different institutional systems and alternative approaches to political modernization. In this regard, the work places special emphasis on the limits of social and political transformations acceptable to the highest Russian bureaucracy in such matters as the class affiliation of subjects, the organization of local self-government and the unification of the legal system. The results of the study make it possible to correct traditional historiographical approaches to the national policy of the late Russian Empire, and also highlight the complex internal logic of the legislative process during the Duma monarchy.

The impact of economic growth on energy consumption: An error correction approach in Indonesia

Abstract Energy is an essential part of life for the global community. In 2023, Indonesia ranked 15th, up from 20th in 2005, and became the country with the largest primary energy consumption in the Southeast Asia region, reaching 185.5 million tons of oil equivalent or 1.68 percent of global consumption. Energy consumption in Indonesia continues to increase, but oil production as the main source of energy continues to decline. In addition, the government has to allocate significant energy subsidies from the government budget. If policies are not properly established, it will disrupt economic stability. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze the impact of energy consumption, oil production, and energy subsidies on economic growth in Indonesia from 2005 to 2023 in the short and long term. This study uses the Multiple Linear Regression method with a Vector Error Correction Model approach. The results show that in the short term, energy consumption has a positive effect on economic growth, while oil production and energy subsidies do not affect economic growth. In the long term, energy consumption and oil production have a positive impact on economic growth, while energy subsidies have a negative impact on Indonesia’s economic growth. The Impulse Response Function (IRF) results show the largest response when each variable is shocked, originating from the shock of economic growth itself. Meanwhile, the Variance Decomposition (VD) results show that the most dominant variable in explaining economic growth is economic growth itself. Other variables such as energy consumption and oil production also contribute to economic growth, while energy subsidies have a smaller contribution to economic growth.

Models of linear dimensions necessary for constructing the correct shape of the dental arch in boys and girls with a wide face type depending on the characteristics of teleradiometric indicators

Annotation. One of the key tasks of modern orthodontics is the development of individualized approaches to modeling dental arches taking into account the morphological and functional characteristics of patients. Studying the influence of teleradiometric characteristics and three-dimensional parameters of teeth allows to significantly increase the accuracy of orthodontic treatment and the stability of the obtained results. Particular attention should be paid to age and gender differences that affect the structure of the face and the ratio of its structures. The expansion of scientific knowledge in this area contributes to the improvement of methods for predicting and constructing correct forms of dental arches. The aim of the work is to develop and analyze regression models of linear dimensions necessary for constructing the correct shape of the dental arch in Ukrainian young men and young women with a physiological bite and a wide face type depending on the features of teleradiometric indicators according to the Ricketts method and computed tomography dimensions of the teeth. An analysis of primary computed tomograms of 25 Ukrainian young men and 25 young women with a physiological bite and a wide face type was conducted. According to the Ricketts method, “dental”, “skeletal and dento-skeletal” indicators, indicators of “soft tissue aesthetics”, indicators of “craniofacial relationships” and indicators of “internal structures” were determined on lateral teleradiograms. Morphometric parameters of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws in the mesio-distal and vestibulo-oral directions were determined on computed tomograms; as well as the distances necessary for constructing the correct shape of the dental arches. Regression models were constructed using the Statistica 6.0 license package. It was found that both in Ukrainian young men with a wide face type and in young women, all 18 possible reliable regression models with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.6 were constructed (respectively in young men R2= from 0.799 to 0.960, p&lt;0.001 in all cases, in young women R2= from 0.660 to 0.950, p&lt;0.001 in all cases). The following percentages of occurrence in the regression equations of teleradiometric indicators and computed tomography dimensions of teeth were established: in teleradiometric indicators according to the Ricketts method (37.50 %), the width of the tooth crown in the mesio-distal direction (18.75 %), the distance from the cutting edge to the dentino-enamel border line of the tooth in the mesio-distal direction to the apex of the tooth root (9.82 %), the width of the dentino-enamel border of the tooth in the mesio-distal direction and the distance from the cutting edge to the apex of the tooth root (8.04 % each). The following percentages of occurrence in the regression equations of the corresponding teeth were also established: in young men – upper incisors (17.09 %), upper canines (11.11 %), upper premolar teeth and lower incisors (10.26 % each); in young women – upper incisors (27.68 %), lower incisors (10.71 %) and lower canines (8.93 %). The constructed highly informative regression models will allow dentists to reasonably approach the interpretation of the results obtained in patients and implement a more correct approach to orthodontic treatment.

Clinical and Haematological evaluation of Nutritional anemias in Pediatric age group (1–14 years) in correlation with Biochemical studies

Introduction - Anemia is a major health problem worldwide more importantly in India, mostly in rural areas. It is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric age group. The term ‘Nutritional anaemia” encompasses all pathological conditions in which the blood haemoglobin concentration drops to an abnormally low level, due to deficiency in one or several nutrients. Iron deficiency is the most common cause of nutritional anaemia worldwide. Folic acid deficiency and vitamin B12 deficiency are less widespread . It is important to know the clinical manifestations andhaematological changes in children with nutritional anaemia to define the correct management approach. Aims and objectives -1)To study the causes of nutritional anaemia in children 2)Clinical &amp; haematological evaluation of nutritional anaemia in correlation with biochemical studies in children. Materials and methods – A 2 years prospective study was done on 100 children with anemia in the department of pathology, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of 2years from January 2022 to December 2023.