Science Research Approach Research Articles

Critical Assessment of Protein Engineering (CAPE): A Student Challenge on the Cloud.

The success of AlphaFold in protein structure prediction highlights the power of data-driven approaches in scientific research. However, developing machine learning models to design and engineer proteins with desirable functions is hampered by limited access to high-quality data sets and experimental feedback. The Critical Assessment of Protein Engineering (CAPE) challenge addresses these issues through a student-focused competition, utilizing cloud computing and biofoundries to lower barriers to entry. CAPE serves as an open platform for community learning, where mutant data sets and design algorithms from past contestants help improve overall performance in subsequent rounds. Through two competition rounds, student participants collectively designed >1500 new mutant sequences, with the best-performing variants exhibiting catalytic activity up to 5-fold higher than the wild-type parent. We envision CAPE as a collaborative platform to engage young researchers and promote computational protein engineering.

A Small Macro Econometrıc Model of Azerbaıjan Economy

In the presented article, the construction of the Macroeconometric model for short- and medium-term forecasting of indicators of socio-economic development in the economy of Azerbaijan has been carried out. The model consists of 64 variables (41 endogenous, 23 exogenous) and 41 equations, built in four blocks (national income account, deflators, balance of payments and public finance). The database of the model is formed in four parts, covering the years 1995-2017 on an annual basis, including national income account, deflators, balance of payments and public finance. The development of the database was carried out together with the State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SSC) in full compliance with UN standards. The methodology used includes time series stationarity tests, ARIMA models, vector error correction models and other econometric methods. As a result, a compact macroeconometric model for the economy of Azerbaijan was established. Based on the model, predictions were processed in the short-term scientific research approach and compared with the actual results.

The right to education or freedom of education: constitutional and sectoral aspects

This article analyses the distinction between the right to education and freedom of education in the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine and the European Court of Human Rights. The article deals with the issues of legislative regulation of the right to education. The author analyses international and national legal acts on the right to education, problems of reforming education and science in the context of the Association of Ukraine and the European Union. The author considers optimisation of the organisation and conduct of scientific research and general approaches to education reform aimed at innovative development of education. In modern societies, we often hear that education is associated with the words “right” and “duty”, but not everyone knows what this means in practice. Although it seems easy to talk about education nowadays, this was not the case in the past and many reforms have taken place over the years to make this right and duty more and more relevant. First of all, it should be said that the right and obligation to education has modern roots in democratic societies that recognise and guarantee education for all individuals. Theoretical issues related to the right to education have not yet been the subject of modern legal science have not yet been the subject of a multidimensional study. The study of the of the human right to education usually involves consideration of the issues of implementation as a public service in educational institutions of various types and the protection of the right by the state authorities of Ukraine. The human right to education regulates social relations related to any form of education and upbringing, has a programme and targeted nature, which is expressed in the need for continuous improvement of legislation on education and state activities related to the realisation of the right to to education. This process is carried out on the basis of joint activities of a person, the state and society represented by represented by commercial and state institutions, whose interests are united by a single focus, and complement each other. Education is a human right in the modern international order. It is one of the so-called second-generation rights, i.e. rights that require the state to ensure positive fulfilment, to act in favour of their observance.

Cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and vertebrobasilar ischemia. From cerebello-cerebral diaschisis to "dysmetria of thought"

Cerebellum, along with it' s role in coordinating motor functions, exercises a significant regulatory influence in fields of cognitive and affective functions. Therefore, studying the effect of cerebrovascular atherosclerotic pathology on mood and cognition should not be limited to stenotic dysfunctions of carotid arteries, but also extend its methodological framework to the consideration of the integrity of vertebrobasilar system (VBS), cerebellar perfusion and posterior cerebral circulation in general, as it has not been yet sufficiently addressed whether VBS insufficiency is associated with deterioration of patients' mental and emotional status and quality of life (QoL). Vertebrobasilar circulatory dysfunction has been pointed out, since decades, as a cause of progressive memory impairment and dementia, due to multiple infarcts in cerebral areas which are topographically critical for mental and emotional functions. Indicative of the pathophysiological and anatomic-functional association of VBS with these neuro-psychiatric domains are cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS) and crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis (CCCD). Mental and psychiatric components of CCAS, along with ataxic motor disability, constitute the conceptual hypothesis of "dysmetry of thought", while diagnostic significance of mental dysfunctions and psychopathological manifestations, in terms of symptoms preceding motor impairments that ascribe cerebellar malfunction in the epicenter of their pathophysiology, such as cerebellar ataxias, in which, early recognition of CCAS may facilitate therapeutic interventions aimed at improving QoL, reveal that cerebellar pathology, either of degenerative etiology or vascular substrate on the ground of vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) or other surgical conditions of the posterior fossa, is associated with deterioration of patients' QoL which is related to significant impairments in their cognitive functions with (co)manifested emotional disorders. Studies in animal models also support these conclusions. Since VBI is responsible for a wide range of psychiatric and neurological symptoms, new findings concurred with current indications advocating that, without consideration of VBS disorders, it is impossible to clarify the connection of cerebral perfusion dysfunctions to neurocognitive deficits. The inclusion of cerebellar perfusion disorders in scientific research and clinical approaches to cognitive and affective disorders that may occur in patients with cerebrovascular lesions constitutes a paradigm of best clinical practices implementation and interdisciplinary convergence of neurosciences and vascular medicine.

Fioria vitifolia-mediated silver nanoparticles: Eco-friendly synthesis and biomedical potential

Growing environmental concerns have led to an increase in demand for environmentally friendly synthesis techniques and sustainable nanomaterials. This study emphasizes the need of using greener approaches in scientific research. It was anticipated that the phytochemicals in Fioria vitifolia might effectively decrease silver ions, resulting in stable Ag-NPs. An aqueous leaf extract of F. vitifolia was utilized to produce Ag-NPs using a green method. The aim of this research was to biosynthesize Ag-NPs and examine their morphology and structure using UV, XRD, FTIR, TGA, FESEM, EDX, and HR-TEM, followed by biological evaluation. At 100 μg/mL, Ag-NPs effectively inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with maximum inhibition zones of 17 mm and 15 mm, respectively. Their antioxidant ability was tested using DPPH and ABTS tests, which revealed inhibition rates of 68.53 % and 69.10 %, respectively. Ag-NPs had an MSM value of 75.6 % at 250 μg/mL, indicating considerable anti-inflammatory action. In vitro cytotoxicity tests on HeLa cancer cells showed an IC50 of 38.47 μg/mL. Under sunlight, Ag-NPs degraded indigo carmine by 88.1 % in 100 min. Over five recycle periods, both antibacterial activity and adsorption efficiency remained above 80 %. Eco-toxicity testing on zebrafish embryos revealed low toxicity at 100 μg/mL. The use of F. vitifolia for nanoparticle production is unprecedented in this study, indicating its potential for a variety of biological applications and stressing the importance of green nanotechnology in medicinal chemistry.

A Sentiment Analysis Approach for Exploring Customer Reviews of Online Food Delivery Services: A Greek Case

The unprecedented production and sharing of data, opinions, and comments among people on social media and the Internet in general has highlighted sentiment analysis (SA) as a key machine learning approach in scientific and market research. Sentiment analysis can extract sentiments and opinions from user-generated text, providing useful evidence for new product decision-making and effective customer relationship management. However, there are concerns about existing standard sentiment analysis tools regarding the generation of inaccurate sentiment classification results. The objective of this paper is to determine the efficiency of off-the-shelf sentiment analysis APIs in recognizing low-resource languages, such as Greek. Specifically, we examined whether sentiment analysis performed on 300 online ordering customer reviews using the Meaning Cloud web-based tool produced meaningful results with high accuracy. According to the results of this study, we found low agreement between the web-based and the actual raters in the food delivery services related data. However, the low accuracy of the results highlights the need for specialized sentiment analysis tools capable of recognizing only one low-resource language. Finally, the results highlight the necessity of developing specialized lexicons tailored not only to a specific language but also to a particular field, such as a specific type of restaurant or shop.

Carica Papaya leaf-infused metal oxide nanocomposite: a green approach towards water treatment and antibacterial applications

This study successfully synthesized ZnO–CuO nanocomposite using the hydrothermal method with Carica papaya leaf extract. The incorporation of the leaf extract significantly enhanced the nanocomposite properties, a novel approach in scientific research. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transmission Infrared spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis, confirmed a cubic crystal structure with an average size of 22.37 nm. The Fourier Transmission Infrared spectrum revealed distinctive vibrations at 627, 661, and 751 cm−1 corresponding to ZnO–CuO nanocomposite corresponding to stretching and vibration modes. SEM images confirmed a cubic-like and irregular structure. The nanocomposite exhibited outstanding photocatalytic activity, degrading methylene blue dye by 96.73% within 120 min under visible light. Additionally, they showed significant antimicrobial activity, inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus (20 mm) and Klebsiella pneumonia (17 mm). The results highlight the efficiency of Carica papaya leaf-derived ZnO–CuO nanocomposite for environmental and health challenges.Graphical abstract

Scientific Works of Academician Rymgali Nurgali

ABSTRACT The relevance is predefined by a necessity for in-depth research and analysis of the scientist generation of various fields, which has made a significant contribution to the development and growth of Kazakh science. The research aims to study the well-known academician, critic, professor, doctor of philological science, writer, scientist, and literature specialist Rymgali Nurgali’s scientific works and peculiarities of research. The primary methodological approach of scientific research is a qualitative combination of theoretical research methods (descriptive and comparative, juxtaposition, generalization, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, comparative-historical, etc.). These methods were employed for the research, detailed investigation, and analysis of Nurgali’s scientific works. The primary value of the study is to determine the relevance of Nurgali’s works for modern Kazakh science, as well as the need for further research and analysis of his works, which are incredibly diverse, detailed, and full of truly aesthetic tone. The results of the scientific research, as well as the conclusions formulated on their basis, are of practical value for literary critics, philologists, teachers, and other specialists who study outstanding personalities in the field of Kazakh literary criticism and analyze their numerous works.

Институциональная среда и институционализация поведенческого регулирования: теоретические основы экономического развития

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the intensification of the use of appropriate Nudge technologies and their combination with classical technologies of behavioral economics have led in many countries of the world to the institutionalization of behavioral regulation in centralized or decentralized models. The purpose of the article is to reveal the features of the models of institutionalization of «behavioral» regulation at the macroeconomic level in the countries of the world. At the same time, the tasks set are solved: the theoretical essence of institutions and the institutional environment is generalized, as well as the features and problems of its formation are considered. Behavioral nudging is considered as a potentially promising approach to improving government regulation both in academic discussion and in practice. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the fundamental works of Russian and foreign authors. Along with traditional methods of scientific research, systemic and institutional-evolutionary approaches, dialectical methods of cognition and interdisciplinary methods of analysis are used. Results. Increasing the effectiveness of the practice of using the behavioral motives of economic entities in the process of developing state economic policy is due to the application and introduction of techniques of influence of the theory of nudging, which determines the choice of a more rational solution that meets the interests of the individual and society. The institutionalization of behavioral regulation in a centralized model is represented by specific government agencies or departments specializing in the development of solutions using the theory of behavioral economics. Institutions of the decentralized model are independent commercial organizations that are not part of the structure of government agencies. Conclusion. It was found out that the process of formation and functioning of institutions of behavioral regulation in different countries of the world has its own specifics, and the bodies themselves are constantly changing. However, all options for institutionalizing behavioral regulation at the macro level leave the risk of using «dark nudging», which requires the creation of special institutions to mitigate or eliminate its negative consequences. The most important principle in the development of behavioral tools is compliance with universal and personal interests at the same time

Influential Factors Shaping Consumer Behavior in Skincare Industry

This study investigates the influence of digital marketing, brand awareness, and electronic word-of-mouth (e-WOM) on consumer purchasing intentions for local skincare products in East Java, Indonesia. Employing an objective and scientific quantitative research approach, data from 97 respondents were analyzed using SPSS software. Findings reveal a significant positive impact of brand awareness and e-WOM on purchasing intentions, while digital marketing showed no significant effect. These results emphasize the importance of tailored marketing strategies in driving consumer interest and suggest avenues for future research to explore additional influencing factors. Limitations include the small sample size and potential biases in data collection. This research contributes to understanding consumer behavior dynamics in the skincare industry and informs marketing strategies for local skincare products. Highlights: 1. Analyzing digital, brand, e-WOM impact on skincare consumer behavior.2. Brand awareness, e-WOM significantly influence consumer interest in skincare products.3. Tailored marketing crucial for leveraging consumer preferences in skincare industry. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Digital Marketing, Brand Awareness, Electronic Word-of-Mouth (e-WOM), Skincare Industry

The study of some issues of the application of cryptocurrency mining technology in Kazakhstan

Object: Analyze the use of cryptocurrency mining technology in Kazakhstan and develop recommendations for improving its effective operation.
 Methods: We have used scientific methodological and research approaches, such as comparison, grouping, analysis, classification, statistical data, induction, deduction, economic-mathematical methods, and modeling.
 Findings: The study's practical significance is that these principles and approaches can be used to form a mining farm development strategy. The proposals presented will improve the digital efficiency of the company and stabilize and improve its financial and economic situation by making appropriate management decisions. The study results make it possible to solve problems related to the ability of enterprises to provide a medium and long-term stable position in the market and flexibly adapt to the environment.
 Conclusions: Based on the study, the concept of “cryptocurrency”, “mining”, and “mining farm” was clarified as a particular form of a new information economy and society that combines its input stages of the technological chain or stages of its release in order to achieve significant competitive advantages compared to specialized types of digital money. The features of digital money, such as cryptocurrencies and their mining, which include various platforms, objects, and types but have common elements, technologies, development management, and risks, were identified. A methodology for analyzing the IT architecture of cryptocurrency and the volatility of the digital currency is proposed, which allows one to find out quantitative and qualitative indicators, assess the extensiveness, intensity, and efficiency of the use of cryptocurrency, and determine the reserves for its full use.

Administrative and legal aspects of voter information in the Russian Federation

The object of the study is the system of information support for voters in the Russian Federation. The subject of the scientific article is the administrative and legal aspects of informing Russian voters, analyzed in the context of modern socio-political processes. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the ratio of information and campaigning in the course of public administration of elections, responsibility for administrative offenses in the field of information support of the electoral process, the ambiguity of the administrative and legal status of a candidate in elections and the problems of administrative and legal regulation of voter information carried out by various subjects. Special attention is paid to the problems and prospects for the development of administrative and legal regulation of voter information in the context of today's technological and geopolitical challenges. Based on the understanding of modern scientific research and innovative approaches, as well as the experience of the 2024 election campaign for the election of the President of the Russian Federation, the authors also touch upon some problems of digitalization of the electoral process. The study is based on a systematic approach that allows us to study the mechanism of public administration of voter information as a set of inextricably interrelated and interacting elements organized as a single whole. The work uses a whole range of scientific research methods: formal-logical; comparative-legal; sociological and so on. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the authors' proposals with scientific novelty on clarifying the status of a candidate and legislative legal differentiation of the statuses of "registered" and "nominated candidates", clearer administrative and legal regulation of the voter information mechanism carried out by various entities, and the introduction of administrative responsibility directly for violations in the field of voter information.

Use of modern digital educational resources in geometry lessons in higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Relevance. In the era of global digitalisation, more and more spheres of public life are switching to the use of innovative technologies, which also applies to the educational process. Especially important is the process of using digital technologies for exact sciences and those requiring modelling and graphical operations, geometry being one of them. This explains the relevance of the issue of student-teacher interaction during the use of digital programmes for studying geometry in higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyse the impact of innovative technologies on the processes of teaching and assimilation of educational material on geometry by students and to determine the role of digital programmes in the process of establishing communication between a student and a teacher. Methodology. It is necessary to systematically apply various means for scientific research, in particular, dialectical and activity-based methodological approaches, methods of logical analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, content analysis, modelling, and analysis of scientific literature. Results. The main findings of the paper are the theoretical and practical background to the issue. That is, the theoretical component of the study includes the concept of digital technologies, their features, and types. The practical part includes an analysis of the effectiveness of using digital technologies in the context of studying geometry and determining the level of prevalence of relevant programmes abroad. As for the prospects for the following studies, it would be necessary to conduct a comparative analysis of the use of innovative technologies in higher educational institutions before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions. The practical value of the study is quite high since it determines the possibility of using the findings in further developments, in particular, in the construction of geometry curricula in universities, or use as a means for the development and improvement of current curricula. Keywords: digital educational resources; geometry; innovative technologies; students; higher educational institutions

Ratty places – unsettling human-centeredness in ecological inquiry with young people

Posthumanist orientations have underlined the need to foster non-hierarchical relations with other-than-human beings to adequately attend to planetary crises and help life to survive and flourish. Since a posthumanist critique towards natural sciences has mostly leaned on questioning the premise of human subjects making sense of objectified nature, little effort has been made to explore if and how scientific research and posthumanist approaches might intersect and co-exist without abandoning their respective aims. In this paper, we analyse a case of ecological citizen science inquiry on urban rats to explore theoretical and practical opportunities for environmental education that arise from bridging the posthumanist call for attentiveness towards multispecies worlds with ecological research endeavor. We reconceptualize ecological inquiry as sharing atmospheres with other animals as well as through its material aspects to articulate conceptual tools to disrupt the subject-object division of knowledge creation between humans and other animals.

Attitudinal barriers of teachers towards inclusive education in Ecuador

This research has two objectives. First, to recognize the position assumed by teachers in the presence of students with specific educational needs in regular classrooms; and second, to determine the state of teaching attitudes required to implement educational inclusion. This work is ascribed to the critical reflective paradigm and uses the quantitative approach of scientific research. The instruments used were the Knowledge Questionnaire on Inclusive Education by Escarbajal et al. (2020) in survey format, and the Battery of Teaching Attitudes towards Educational Inclusion by Lavela & Sánchez (2014) in Likert-type questionnaire formats and contextualized observation sheets. The informants were 961 teachers from district 13D02 of the Ministry of Education of Ecuador, who participated in this process in 2022-2024. From the results, it is inferred that teachers prefer that students with specific educational needs attend special schools, but are not opposed to their presence in conventional schools, in coherence with public education policy. In addition, it was determined that teachers require technical advice, tutoring, and permanent motivation from specialists to implement inclusive practices with greater security. It is concluded that the persistence of attitudinal barriers in teachers limits the legitimate positioning and sustainability of specific educational needs in schools despite favorable advances in public policy for education in Ecuador.

Determination of Save Excavation Criteria in Velenje Coal Mine

Ensuring safe conditions for mining coal under water-bearing sands in the Velenje coal mine depends on the designed parameters of hydrogeology, geomechanics and drainage. The purpose of the research is to predict and simulate the hydrostatic pressures above the excavation fields in order to determine the thickness of the insulation layers and the height of the excavation. Coal occurs in the Velenje basin in the form of a slightly concave lens. Directly above the coal seam is an insulating layer of marl or clay. Above the insulating layer are more or less permeable Pliocene sands in which water can accumulate under layer pressure, posing a potential risk of water ingress into underground spaces. In addition to the Pliocene sands, triad layers of different ages and lithology in the bedrock also pose a risk of water intrusion. In order to prevent the intrusion of water into the working areas of underground objects, the criteria for safe mining in the Velenje coal mine under aquifers were established. The scientific research approach to determining the criteria for safe mining enables the safety and determination of excavation heights in coal mining. The following data are required for such a calculation: the water pressure in the first sands, the excavation depth below the surface, the thickness of the insulating layer and the method of excavation or the course of the demolition processes.

Peculiarities of consideration of cases in the ECtHR regarding the protection of constitutional human rights related to the fourth generation of somatic rights

The issue of the emergence, development, and existence of the most relevant, but least doctrinally researched human rights, which constitute the so-called fourth generation of such rights, with the acquisition of their wide social prevalence, requires appropriate theoretical elaboration and legal regulation. Because the fourth group of human rights is quite controversial, the law as a system of norms should give a quick and adequate reaction to such drastic social changes through their normative consolidation, in particular, the transformation of the constitutional and legal status of a person. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights continues to acquire fundamental importance in the context of the study of modern standards of somatic human rights of the fourth generation, which we will dwell on in more detail in this study. The general scientific, group, and special scientific research approaches, methods, and techniques were the methodological basis of scientific research. The purpose of the article is to carry out a legal analysis of the issue of protection of somatic rights through the prism of the judicial practice of the ECtHR. Keywords: somatic

The Mechanism Of Employing The Theoretical Approach In Scientific Research

The Mechanism Of Employing The Theoretical Approach In Scientific Research

The essence of methodological approaches in scientific research

The essence of methodological approaches in scientific research

Texts and Images as Data in Qualitative Social Research: Proposing a Common Methodological Approach

Images and texts, their qualities as empirical data, and their entanglements, have been the object of methodological and theoretical debates in social scientific research for a few decades now. Scholars have argued that images and texts are fundamentally different to the point of being incommensurable. Contrary to this line of reasoning, this paper suggests that images and texts are similar enough to be studied within the same framework, that of semiotics, understood as a non-reductive approach to the socio-cultural making of aesthetics, performances, and meanings in multi-media arrangements. Unfolding this argument, I do not suggest that ‘images are like texts,’ but instead propose that ‘texts are like images.’ Doing so, I discuss a few of the most frequently assumed properties of images, and how these may apply to texts. As such, this article sets the theoretical perimeters for more specific methodical approaches in social scientific research.