Solid Waste Management Approach Research Articles

Natural rubber composites reinforced with sodium sulfate waste from pigment industry: A circular economy approach for solid waste management

The massive industrial waste discharged into the environment adversely affects the ecological system. Traditional methods like landfilling or other disposal methods can no longer be adequate to handle them, and their reutilization is consequently gaining popularity. Most chemical industries generate a large amount of sodium sulfate waste (SSW), contaminating air and water. Hence, its reutilization in natural rubber (NR) as a reinforcing filler is explored. SSW generated in Ultramarine and Pigments Ltd., Chennai, India, was procured and characterized. The fabricated NR-SSW composite's cure, mechanical, and sorption features have been investigated. NR composite with 7.5 phr (parts per hundred of rubber) SSW showed a 9 %, 14 % and 29 % increase in tensile strength, tear strength, and modulus at 300 % elongation, respectively, and a remarkable decrease in abrasion loss and higher abrasion resistance index (ARI) as compared to NR-Neat. All these properties decreased beyond 7.5 phr SSW addition, proving its better adhesion on NR up to 7.5 phr loading. The experimental tensile strength showed a good correlation with Turcsányi-Pukànszky-Tüdõs (T-P-T) model, confirming the better matrix-filler interaction up to 7.5 phr SSW loading. Sorption studies proved the better barrier properties of NR-SSW7.5 composite compared to NR-Neat. Various kinetic parameters were studied, and a suitable transportation method was suggested. NR-SSW7.5 composite, having remarkable mechanical and barrier properties, finds application in various rubber products manufacture. The reutilization of SSW as an efficient filler in NR is an innovative attempt from a circular economy perspective, as it reduces production costs and environmental pollution.

A sustainable solid waste management framework for Egyptian cities based on synthesis the integrated solid waste management approach and urban environmental governance tool : Applying on New Damietta city

A sustainable solid waste management framework for Egyptian cities based on synthesis the integrated solid waste management approach and urban environmental governance tool : Applying on New Damietta city

Community preferences in carbon reduction: Unveiling the importance of adaptive capacity for solid waste management

In this study, we utilized the choice experiment (CE) method to evaluate the effectiveness of different solid waste management (SWM) programs in promoting adaptive capacity toward carbon reduction. We investigated three hypothetical scenarios for SWM programs, including the waste warriors program, carbon credits for waste reduction, and the carbon-trade SWM program. Our analysis unveiled distinct preferences among citizen groups regarding adaptive SWM programs. Incorporating nature-based solutions (NbS) within the study further enhances our understanding of the relationship between adaptive capacity and SWM. NbS approaches leverage natural processes and ecosystems to address environmental challenges, including climate impacts. By engaging citizens in comparing management options regarding climate impacts, our study fosters a greater understanding of the efficacy of different SWM approaches. Citizen participation plays a crucial role in identifying novel and innovative SWM solutions that effectively mitigate climate impacts. This collaborative involvement facilitates knowledge exchange, empowers communities, and strengthens adaptive capacity. The findings of our study offer valuable insights into SWM practices, policy development, and decision-making processes. By prioritizing adaptive SWM programs that align with citizen preferences and incorporating NbS principles, we can develop more effective strategies for carbon reduction.

Pyrolysis of municipal food waste: A sustainable potential approach for solid food waste management and organic crop fertilizer production

Pyrolysis of municipal food waste: A sustainable potential approach for solid food waste management and organic crop fertilizer production

A study on restructuring plastic waste management post COVID in the wake of industry 4

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the confusions of waste management. Our fear towards the disease has forced us to shift to the usage of personal protective equipment and the usage of disposable equipment. The issue connected with the existing system has compelled us to change to a new process. Change in implementing environment oriented substances like bio plastics and coming with sustainable technologies are very much needed to fight future pandemics. The idea to promote a sustainable plastic waste management technology as well as to decrease plastic pollution can be achieved by giving priority to our systems to bring changes in personal and institutional policies. Coming up with measures that are encouraging circularity and sustainable practices and private-public investments in infrastructure, researches are helping in bringing the upcoming changes. To address the difficulties posed by the current methodologies, it is imperative to build efficient waste management systems using cutting-edge technologies. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as an important technology with lot of functions. Studies have also documented the use of AI methods for solid waste management. The most current developments in the use of AI approaches for solid waste management are reviewed critically in this article. The important barriers that are avoiding AI from its usage in waste management are highlighted. These include the lack of reproducibility, the choice and accessibility of pertinent data, and the paucity of applications in actual solid waste. Suggestions for work in the future are done on the basis of the loopholes already studied. All parties involved in the solid waste management industry, such as policymakers, governments, waste management companies, municipalities, and researchers can gain from this review.

Sectoral Approach for Solid Waste Management and Water Management

Rapid urbanization, poor solid waste management and inadequate maintenance of water can lead to flooding, water scarcity, water pollution, adverse health effects and rehabilitation costs that may overwhelm the resilience of cities. Cities face significant difficulties as a result of these megatrends, as the cost of inactivity is considerable. A capacity building programme was conducted with a purpose to be a strategic step in building the capacity of Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). The objective of the study was to assess the impact of the capacity building programme conducted for urban local body officials on solid waste and water management. The study focuses on the practices being followed by the urban local bodies in Ganga basin states in terms of solid waste and water management. It further highlights the gaps which must be addressed in relation to the aforementioned topics.

Towards an Integrated Approach to Solid Waste Management in Ghanaian Cities

Solid Waste Management (SWM) in cities has become a theme of utmost importance in urban geographycompared to studies in rural areas which have smaller population sizes and limited consumption optionsthat are relatively more manageable. Existing studies reveal that integration of formal and informal SWMactors is the needed mechanism to overcome SWM challenges. Integration is also at the heart of the 2012Ghana National Urban Policy, yet urban spaces are zoned under public-private partnership (PPP)arrangement with private formal SWM actors. How to integrate the burgeoning numbers of privateinformal SWM service providers still remains unaddressed owing to a host of disparate institutional,political, and socio-economic factors. Using field-based data collected in three open-air markets in Accra,this paper examines the integration pathways used to include informal SWM actors in the context of PPPand thence argues for the need to rethink current SWM approaches in a participatory manner since mostGhanaian cities are facing limited financial and infrastructural resources, growing inequalities andincreasing informality regarding urban metabolism flow.

A Rapid Review of Sociocultural Dimensions in Nigeria's Solid Waste Management Approach.

Against the background of an arguable dearth of scholarship on the sociocultural dimensions of Nigeria's solid waste management strategies and practices, this rapid review searched for evidence in the literature. A rapid evidence review and qualitative meta-summary procedure were implemented to utilize the rigor of systematic literature review that met the timelines and limited funding available for this study. It is more appropriate to identify, extract, and synthesize a mixture of qualitative and/or quantitative empirical evidence in the literature. This rapid review found little substantive evidence of scholarly sociocultural approaches in Nigeria's solid waste management. It also discovered constant factors of inadequate and weak multidisciplinary or non-holistic approaches to driving innovation and effective social impact in Nigeria's solid waste management practices. The results were interpreted vis-à-vis the need to leverage the social sciences, particularly the range and scope of social work practice configurations and possibilities, to scientifically advance and substantially accelerate the implementation of evidence-based policy and practice in Nigeria's solid waste management system. This rapid review concluded that the negative results are due to the insufficient conceptual and theoretical bases for Nigeria's solid waste management strategies and/or practices.

A hybrid machine learning-mathematical programming optimization approach for municipal solid waste management during the pandemic.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-03354-2.

“A lot of people ignore our culture when it comes to waste management”: examining the impacts of culture on solid waste management in two Canadian First Nations

Municipal solid waste management approaches in Canadian First Nations have not considered the culture of communities. However, First Nations’ way of life is ingrained in their culture. This research examined whether the culture of First Nations impacts municipal solid waste management. A qualitative case study of Peguis First Nation, Manitoba, and Heiltsuk Nation, British Columbia, was conducted, involving 52 semi-structured interviews. Results revealed that avoiding waste, taking care of one another, protecting the land, respecting the land, and connection to the land were cultural factors that influenced participants’ municipal solid waste management efforts. Nonetheless, participants indicated that applying these cultural factors to municipal solid waste is not widespread because of culture loss; hence, programs that improve the understanding of culture and highlight the importance of cultural beliefs, values, and teachings in managing waste should be developed. The research concludes that cultural solutions need to be pursued to complement other solutions that aim to improve municipal solid waste management.

SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION USING IOT FOR SMART CITY

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, which analyses and controls city processes in real-time, serves essential for enhancing applications relevant to smart cities. Solid waste management, which has an adverse impact on both the environment and the overall wellness of the society, is one of the most vital issues connected to smart city applications. Waste produced by city inhabitants and disposed into the garbage cans is where the traditional waste management process starts. On an assigned schedule, trucks from the municipal department collect and transport the discards to the recycling facilities. Outdoor dumpsters receive little attention by municipalities and garbage management firms, making it difficult to know when to clean them or when they are filled. In order to get beyond the drawbacks of conventional waste management systems, this work proposes an IoT-enabled solid waste management approach for smart cities. The proposed layout includes a LoRaWAN gateway, a sensor-enabled anti-littering system, and a bin monitoring system with a GPS module, which are used to track bins in public and residential regions. This approach infers the location and the level of the garbage can, processes the information, and sends it to a central monitoring station for storage and analysis. The garbage collection authority may observe and assess the unfilled status of each trash can, due to an evident Graphical User Interface. Numerous data have been gathered to validate the suggested system architecture, and direct visits to the dump yards have been made in order to analyse the current scenario. As a result of the proposed smart waste management solution using IoT, the life expectancy of living things is said to increase, and this will be clearly visible.

Comparing VFA Composition, Biomethane Potential, and Methane Production Kinetics of Different Substrates for Anaerobic Fermentation and Digestion

Solid waste is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) today. The carbon footprint of landfills also has a large impact on global warming. Therefore, it is becoming more urgent to study the possibility of better environmentally friendly approaches for solid waste management and its safe disposal. The digestion of solid waste is a biological process that breaks down the organic content of the solid waste and thus stabilizes it. It also allows the recovery of valuable resources (such as biogas) and the utilization of stabilized waste in various industries. In this study, six substrates were studied to determine their biomethane potential (BMP) in anaerobic digestion. The substrates were fermented and digested anaerobically, and the biogas production was measured. The methane yield of food waste substrates had a higher methane yield between 354 and 347 mL/g-TCOD, and a biodegradability of 89–87%. Wastewater sludge substrates yielded between 324 and 288 mL/g-TCOD with a biodegradability of 81–73%. A kinetics analysis using first-order and Gompertz models was performed for biodegradation and methane production.

OVERVIEW OF RECYCLING RUBBER TIRE AS AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE: AN APPROACH FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

The difficulties related to non-biodegradable waste management raise the danger of environmental and health issues since millions of worn rubber tires are discarded yearly. Over the past several years, the building industry has been compelled to use this material combined with cement-based products due to the material's accessibility and vast manufacturing volume. Due to its promising properties, including enhanced ductility, damping ratio, and vibration resistance, recycling used tire rubber as a partial replacement of natural stones in concrete is a topic of intense research. Conversely, the rubber aggregator reduces the mechanical characteristics and workability of the resulting concrete mixtures. This study reviews the feasibility of using shredded rubber tire waste as a partial replacement for traditional aggregates in concrete. The properties of the rubberized concrete are discussed with respect to various ratios of rubber tire waste and traditional aggregates. The results of previous studies showed that using rubber tire waste as an aggregate in concrete significantly reduces the mechanical properties of the concrete, including its compressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. On the other hand, using rubber tire waste as an aggregate reduces the weight of the concrete, which may have potential benefits for structural design. Overall, the study suggests that recycling rubber tire waste as an aggregate in concrete is a viable approach for solid waste management and can also provide environmental and economic benefits.

Circular economy approach for sustainable solid waste management: A developing economy perspective.

The notion of circular economy (CE) strengthens the approach to sustainable development (SD). It is perceived that the adoption of CE can unlock half a trillion dollars of economic value in India by the year 2030. However, embracing the CE concept can be considered a panacea to the existing issues associated with solid waste management (SWM). The proposed study explores current waste management practices and assesses the inadequacy to infer the CE as a solution for successful waste management practices. The work provides an overview of SWM in India and emphasizes the inclusion of CE in the Indian SWM sector. The comprehensive review depicts existing, and emerging waste management approaches to form a CE by processing the waste efficiently and fuelling an SD movement. The cradle-to-cradle approach in CE, national solid waste compliances/legislation, key initiatives taken by the Governments, and the influence of industry and legal framework on CE were also discussed. The work will facilitate policy and decision-makers to include CE in the Indian SWM sector.

Assessment of Household Solid Waste Management Techniques in Nassarawa “A” Ward in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

The most pressing environmental challenge encountered by the urban areas of Nigeria is domestic solid waste management. With its population reaching 200 million, Nigeria sustains its position as one of Africa's largest producers of solid waste. It is indicated that more than 30 million tons of solid waste are generated annually, mostly by households (URL1). Insufficient collection and disposal of municipal waste and lack of reliable transport infrastructures, including inadequate budgetary provisions make the implementation of waste management processes across the States very difficult. Despite the measures put in place by governments across the country, waste management is still a challenge to tackle in high-density residential areas, specifically in informal settlements. Public awareness and participation are critical components in waste management programs besides appropriate legislation, resilient technical support, and adequate funding if certain accomplishments are required. Based on this perspective, the research focuses on understanding what kind of solid waste is generated and how it is disposed of in a selected high-density residential area, the Nassarawa “A” Ward in Minna city where the existence of rising informal settlements is a pressing issue. A household survey is conducted amongst informal settlers to assess the connection between the level of education of households, their awareness of the topic, and also, willingness to participate in the process. The research results proved that majority of the residents were concerned and affected by the poor state of their environment due to the lack of an appropriate solid waste management approach. Very few residents had awareness regarding the stages of waste management such as reusing, recycling, and composting. The research concludes that based on the results obtained from the survey, any waste management strategies introduced should encourage the education of residents and their active participation in the process.

Waste management issue and solutions using IOT

As population density and rural migration to cities increase, urbanization has a higher proportion and presents an enormous urban problem related to waste generation. Increasing waste generation has been identified as a significant challenge for large urban centers around the world and has been identified as a significant problem for countries with rapid population growth in cities. Cloud computing offers an automation opportunity through the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber physical systems that change the way solid waste management approaches. Considering the IoT requirements, a review analysis of the waste management models available in the literature will be done in detail in this paper. Then, an in-depth review of the relevant literature will be conducted based on the IoT infrastructure for effective management of waste generated in urban conditions, focusing on interactions between subsidiaries and waste generators (citizens) from a low-cost perspective. As well as citizenship promotion. The IoT-based reference model is described and a comparative analysis of available solutions is presented, highlighting the most relevant perspectives on the topic and identifying open research issues.

An evidence-based approach towards identifying household emerging pollutants in rural areas in Southern Karnataka

Abstract The need for establishing the emerging pollutants for various rural households has witnessed a paradigm-shift towards health-related issues. Low-income groups have inadvertently contributed to environmental degradation due to improper hygienic conditions. In this paper, statistical analysis on gathered data from regional households in Karnataka has been evaluated for the health status of the individuals. A selected area based on village patterns was presented with a sample questionnaire in order to gather the patterns of household conditions prevailing in the area. A broad categorization based on the Fuzzy C clustering approach has classifiers in the form of demographic and socio-economic responses, water supply factors, sanitation, indoor air pollution, and solid waste management approaches. For each of the categories, the emerging pollutant has been identified which collectively points to ‘Poverty’ being the primary cause of deteriorating household conditions among people in such rural areas. The results of the questionnaire indicated a strong correlation between the prevalence of pollution and ill health in the low-income category of people. The authors opine that this investigation would contribute to the Government initiative of the Swachh Bharat Mission.

Solid Waste Assessment and Management Using Remote Sensing Data and GIS Tools: A Case Study of Najran City, KSA

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a major socio-economic issue in all emerging countries. Cities have their solid waste management regulations, approach, and procedures. They believe that wastelands outside of cities are the greatest places to dispose of solid waste. Such inappropriate location will lead to morphologic changes in the urban region and its surrounding, creating health hazards. The acquisition of data about an object(s) without establishing contact with it is known as remote sensing. The geographic information system (GIS) is a spatial system that creates, maintains, analyses, and maps various kinds of data. GIS software and remote sensing data are extremely valuable for assessing and managing solid wastage. Sentinel-2 satellite images were used to obtain land cover data. Digital elevation model (DEM) from ALOS-PALSAR free data used to describe surface information. Some thematic layers, such as soil, surface slope, drainage density, airport distance, road distance, and land-use, were used as principal input data for Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) to choose the best solid waste locations in Najran city. According to the appropriateness degree of the landfill, locations acquired, 31% and 10.9 percent of the total area were classed as very low and low, respectively, while 25.3 % and 11.9 % were classified as high and very high suitable areas.

Solid Waste Management Approach at the University through Living Labs and Communication Strategies: Case Studies in Italy and Portugal

Universities are today seen as living labs for the creation of knowledge with the aim of transferring it to society. The integration of sustainability is a critical point in this context, as solutions for problems experienced in society can be experimented with regarding physical aspects, such as Solid Waste Management (SWM), and efficiency in energy and water use, but also social aspects such as accessibility, equality, and inclusion. This paper explores the implementation of similar SWM projects in two European universities, Milan-Bicocca University and Instituto Superior Técnico from Lisbon University. Milan-Bicocca was the pioneer project that followed an ambitious model that demanded the removal of all isolated waste bins from inside the offices and rooms, replacing them with waste collection islands in the public spaces. This meant a very coordinated procedure and communication plan, and inspired the pilot project in Instituto Superior Técnico, currently in the expansion phase. This paper describes the implementation of each model and their specificities, and a roadmap is proposed that resulted from the interactions, meetings, and discussions between the two teams, Italian and Portuguese.

Conceptualization of Bioreactor Landfill Approach for Sustainable Waste Management in Karachi, Pakistan

Finding a sustainable approach for municipal solid waste (MSW) management is becoming paramount. However, as with many urban areas in developing countries, the approach applied to MSW management in Karachi is neither environmentally sustainable nor suitable for public health. Due to adoption of an inefficient waste management system, society is paying intangible costs such as damage to public health and environment quality. In order to minimize the environmental impacts and health issues associated with waste management practices, a sustainable waste management and disposal strategy is required. The aim of this paper is to present a concept for the development of new bioreactor landfills for sustainable waste management in Karachi. Furthermore, this paper contributes to estimation of methane (CH4) emissions from waste disposal sites by employing the First Order Decay (FOD) Tier 2 model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and determining of the biodegradation rate constant (k) value. The design and operational concept of bioreactor landfills is formulated for the study area, including estimation of land requirement, methane production, power generation, and liquid required for recirculation, along with a preliminary sketch of the proposed bioreactor landfill. This study will be helpful for stockholders, policy makers, and researchers in planning, development, and further research for establishment of bioreactor landfill facilities, particularly in the study area as well as more generally in regions with a similar climate and MSW composition.