Thinking Approach Research Articles

Contrasting Approaches to Managing the Debate on Same-Sex Blessing and Same-Sex Marriage in New Zealand and Australia: Applying Insights from Jungian Psychological Type Theory

Abstract In October 2022 the Church of England commissioned an examination of the impact of the debate on same-sex blessing and same-sex marriage within other Anglican Churches. The examination involved a literature search, an original survey among key informers and a general internet search. This paper draws on the general internet search to contrast the impacts in New Zealand and Australia. Drawing on Jungian psychological type theory, this analysis employs the contrasting decision-making functions of feeling (concerned with subjective interpersonal values) and thinking (concerned with objective logical analysis). The data suggest that the feeling approach dominant in New Zealand, which prioritized offering space and time for those of differing opinions to meet together, reported more positive outcomes than the thinking approach dominant in Australia, which gave greater priority to adversarial debate.

Design Thinking for Architects: A Critique of International Education Models

The appropriateness of teaching design thinking to architecture students in Georgia is discussed. Design thinking is a user-centered method that was developed about 60 years ago and is widely used in almost all areas of design, including architecture. Leading architectural firms embrace design thinking. This method also has many opponents, who complain about the lack of creativity, its collective work, and more. In contrast, advocates of design thinking argue that design thinking approaches do not necessarily limit creativity, and that contemporary architecture has become so complex that specialists of only one field cannot account for everything. It is interesting that the main opposition to this methodology was met in the country where it was born – the USA. As for Georgia, the survey of students conducted by the authors of the article at the International Design School of the Georgian Technical University found that the majority of them have a positive attitude and intend to use design thinking in their future activities.

How Nurses Influence the Patient Experience.

This article is one in a series from Press Ganey-a health care performance improvement organization-that will discuss the many facets of the human experience in health care. Using the latest national data, the series will explore the intersections of safety, reliability, experience, and service, and their impact on engagement, work culture, and nurse-sensitive outcomes. Each installment will be designed as a "deep dive" into the most recent thinking and evidence-based approaches to improvement of the patient experience with a particular focus on practical and implementable tactics in each of the above subject areas.

THE EXPEDIENCY OF INCLUDING AN INDIVIDUAL SCIENTIFIC WORK AS A MANDATORY COMPONENT IN THE EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL PROGRAM OF MEDICINE

Among the tasks of the "Concept of Sustainable Development", it is worth highlighting tasks 3 and 4: "Good health and well-being" and "Quality education". In this way, the training of students under the educational and professional program "Medicine" at the Poltava State Medical University meets two tasks from the "Concept of Sustainable Development".
 Modern specialists of the medical profile are in the conditions of the need to use a scientific approach and elements of critical thinking in their professional activities. At this stage, the educational and professional program "Medicine", which provides for the training of students at the Poltava State Medical University, does not include educational components that provide students with competencies related to scientific activity (scientific writing, critical analysis of literary sources, methods of scientific research).
 The purpose of this work is to justify the feasibility of including the mandatory component "Scientific training" developed on the basis of the mandatory component "Pathophysiology" in the educational and professional program "Medicine" at the Poltava State Medical University.
 The article uses general scientific theoretical research methods such as: analysis, synthesis, comparison of concepts, abstraction and generalization.
 We offer the following structure of the compulsory component "Scientific training", which consists of the following modules: Module 1 "Modeling of typical pathological processes in various organs and systems", Module 2 "Methods for the study of pathological changes in organs and systems", Module 3 "Principles of pathogenetic correction of typical pathological processes" and Module 4 "Methodical approach to the analysis of obtained experimental results". The total number of credits provided for studying the compulsory component "Scientific training" is 16 credits in accordance with the European credit transfer system. Approximately 2/3 of the hours provided for the study of the mandatory component "Scientific training" are planned to be used for independent work by students of higher education. Such a number of hours for independent work is argued by the need to write an individual research paper, which is an analogue of a master's thesis in other specialties.
 Modernization of the educational and professional program "Medicine" by including the mandatory component "Scientific training" is a promising way of improving the quality of education for students of the II (master's) level studying in the specialty 222 "Medicine".

Development of a circularity design methodology for urban factories based on systemic thinking and stakeholders engagement

To provide factories with a sustainable model to manufacture inside urban areas, the concept of urban factories has been proposed as a solution that utilizes proximity throughout the value chain. To leverage this proximity, and re-conceptualize the highly available urban waste, circular strategies have been deployed. This has allowed urban factories to contribute to a sustainable consumption and production (SDG 12). To develop a circularity design methodology for urban factories, a design thinking approach has been used in 5 steps in which (1) a need has been formalized from a systematic literature review, (2) a prototype has been proposed using the principles of systemic design, (3) workshops have been organized with key users to test the proposal, (4) feedbacks have been collected, and (5) the proposal has been improved accordingly through an iteration to the second step. The cycle has been repeated 4 times in 4 different workshops, which has resulted in the development of the latest version of the circularity design methodology presented in this paper. The proposed methodology is structured in 3 phases. First, the exploratory phase in which sustainability objectives are formalized and the scope of action is identified accordingly using an impact assessment method. Second, the formative phase in which new sustainable business models are designed using circular strategies and local stakeholder's engagement practices. Finally, the evaluative phase in which the designed models are evaluated. To illustrate the application of the proposed methodology, a case study on an arcade machines urban factory has been presented in this paper. In total, 8 circular models have been designed to mitigate the climate change and resources damages associated with the life cycle of the arcade machines. The proposed circularity design methodology could be adapted for other structures to improve their sustainability and other dimensions linked to their activities.

Towards sustainable hydrogen production: An integrated approach for Sustainability, Complexity, and Systems Thinking in the energy sector

The energy sector constitutes a dynamic and complex system, indicating that its actions are influenced not just by its individual components but also by the emergent behavior resulting from interactions among them. Moreover, there are crucial limitations of previous approaches for addressing the sustainability challenge of the energy sector. Changing, transforming, and integrating paradigms are the most relevant leverage points for transforming a given system. In other words, nowadays the integration of new predominant paradigms in order to provide a unified framework could aim at this actual transformation looking for a sustainable future. This research aims to develop a new unified framework for the integration of the following three paradigms: (1) Sustainability, (2) Complexity, and (3) Systems Thinking which will be applied to achieving sustainable energy production (using hydrogen production as a case study). The novelty of this work relies on providing a holistic perspective through the integration of the aforementioned paradigms considering the multiple and complex interdependencies among the economy, the environment, and the economy. For this purpose, an integrated seven-stage approach is introduced which explores from the starting point of the integration of paradigms to the application of this integration to sustainable energy production. After applying the Three-Paradigm approach for sustainable hydrogen production as a case study, 216 feedback loops are identified, due to the emerged complexity linked to the analyzed system. Additionally, three system dynamics-based models are developed (by increasing the level of complexity) as part of the application of the Three-Paradigm approach. This research can be of interest to a broad professional audience (e.g. engineers, policymakers) as looks into the sustainability of the energy sector from a holistic perspective, considering a newly developed Three-Paradigm model considering complexity and using a Systems Thinking approach.

Creative programming in architecture: a computational thinking approach

The creative programming language Processing can be used as a generative architectural design tool, which allows the designer to write design instructions (algorithms) and compute them, obtaining graphical outputs of great interest. This contribution addresses the inclusion of this language in the architecture curriculum, within the context of digital culture and alternative approaches to how digital tools are used and learned. It studies the different processes related to Computational Thinking that are triggered in the prototyping of computer applications and that lead to creativity. The similarity between architectural design and programming is analysed, both in problem solving (abstraction, decomposition, iterative revisions -debugging-, etc.) and in the use of mechanisms of a digital nature (loops, randomness, etc.). The results of the design and testing of a pilot course are shown, in which the way of teaching, learning and using this programming language is based on the graphical representation of problems through sketches.

Just transitions and sociotechnical innovation in the social housing sector: An assemblage analysis of residents’ perspectives

Creating low-carbon pathways for domestic electricity and heating is a core aspect of the UK Government's housing strategy. Understanding issues of energy justice and the socio-technical dynamics of low-carbon innovation are vital for successfully implementing new technologies and retrofit measures across diverse communities and different housing types. The social housing sector is particularly important in the study of just domestic low-carbon transitions due to the challenges faced by residents concerning energy affordability and insecurity during the ongoing cost of living crisis in the UK. This qualitative study, conducted in the Northeast of England, adopts an assemblage thinking approach to examine the experiences of social housing residents. Through thematic analysis of interviewee responses, we identify themes related to cost and affordability; decision-making dynamics and energy justice; disruption, retrofit and ‘fabric first’; energy autonomy and the practicalities of technology choice; and environmental values and collective climate action. We find that justice in the low-carbon home requires social housing organisations to strengthen mechanisms for resident engagement and interconnectedness before retrofit roll-out, to identify independent sources and arbiters of information on upfront and long-term energy costs, to ensure effective mechanisms for the social control of energy use, and to provide a platform to encourage nascent energy citizenship through which residents link pro-environmental behaviours in the home to broader networks of social action on climate change.

Design Thinking: An Alternative For Educational ICT Integration Training?

Challenges to incorporating ICT in the classroom have been debated in various literature over the last few years. It is, therefore, important to seek different strategies to mitigate these challenges. Design thinking (DT) is considered an approach that can help improve teachers’ Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). This study therefore examined teachers’ experience when developing lessons using ICT using design thinking. This qualitative study was conducted in a primary school in South Africa. Data was collected from two social science (Geography) teachers using face-to-face interviews. Highlights from the study point to the following benefits namely, teachers can learn in collaboration, they can be supported by their peers, and they take part in high-order thinking practices to solve problems related to ICT integration. Therefore, it is recommended that a design thinking approach needs to be applied when teacher training workshops for ICT integration are offered. This study contributes to the existing literature on developing strategies to incorporate ICT in the curriculum of primary schools in South Africa. Keywords: Design Thinking, ICT, Teacher Development, TPACK

Transitioning biomedical research toward human-centric methodologies: systems-based strategies

Human-centric methodologies like microphysiological systems and in silico methods have shown promise in addressing the limitations of animal models in understanding human biology and responding to public health priorities. However, the prevailing paradigm based on animal research persists. The article proposes a systemic thinking approach, endorsed by the OECD and the EU, as a tool to leverage innovation to reframe the issue and achieve transformative policies. By identifying the complex factors shaping method selection in basic and biomedical research, a simplified model is presented to illuminate the systemic nature of this decision-making process. The goal is not to prescribe solutions but to offer policymakers a new framework for more-effective strategies, emphasizing collaboration among stakeholders and the need for robust data.

Pecipaw (Peci Angpaw): Adding a Wallet in Traditional Peci with Enhancement of Betawi Gigi Balang Ornament

This paper sets out the additional value of peci, a hat usually worn by Muslim males in Jakarta during the celebration of Eid al-Fitr, as a symbol of Indonesian cultural identity and modesty. It is common practice for individuals to store money (angpau) in the peci for easy access, however, there is a problem with the existing traditional peci design. Money will scatter when the peci falls off, thus, compromising user comfort and safety. The peci design was explored by introducing an additional wallet feature with a zipper that allows customization and versatility. Additionally, the use of Betawi traditional ornaments further enhances the peci value, making it suitable as an iconic souvenir from Jakarta. This research applied the design thinking approach of the Hasso Platner Institute (HPI) Stanford model with five steps comprised of empathize, define, ideate, prototype, and test as a problem-solving tool to provide a better understanding of the needs and perspectives of peci users. The results show that pecipaw innovation could cater to the added value of traditional peci products as an iconic souvenir of Jakarta. Further research will help to expand more explorative design and conduct user evaluation to establish objective measurements of the final prototype.
 Keywords: peci, gigi balang, betawi, ornament, wallet

Inclusive Learning Through Equity-Driven Approaches to Design in Engineering Education

Despite it being widely acknowledged that integrating principles of equity, diversity, inclusion, and accessibility (EDIA) in engineering has numerous benefits such as more innovative and inclusive design outcomes, there have been ongoing challenges in addressing equity, promoting diversity, and fostering inclusive teaching and learning strategies in higher education. If EDIA is taught separately from coursework in engineering, students are unlikely to engage with or incorporate EDIA principles in their work. Moreover, the pedagogical approaches for EDIA concepts, which include exploratory discussion and reflection, can be a barrier for student learning if they are not valued in the same way as traditional engineering epistemology and ideologies that prioritize a technical space and objective data. Lastly, evidence demonstrates that a lack of sense of belonging for underrepresented students can impact their learning experience. It is important to address how teaching approaches impact the shift of student mindsets in their design work and their engagement with the learning environment. In this exploratory project, we seek to understand the ways in which learning equity-driven approaches to design, such as design thinking, may impact engineering students’ perceptions of inclusivity in their learning environment and the quality of inclusivity in the work that they design and engineer. We focus on the rationale and development of the methodology in this paper since the work is still in progress. We are working with a diverse team of educators and researchers to review and revise course goals, student learning outcomes and related course content for two design thinking courses in a master’s level engineering program. Changes to the course material include further integrating EDIA principles and the “Liberatory Design framework” described by the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design as “a process and practice to liberate designers from habits that perpetuate inequity.” The impact of such revision is examined through qualitative analysis of students’ written reflections with prompts that focus on EDIA themes. A post-course survey is also used to assess students’ perceptions of EDIA in relation to their academic, professional, and personal learning experiences throughout the program and, more specifically, the design thinking course learning outcomes. Preliminary findings suggest that students connect design thinking approaches with an awareness of the value of diversity in their design teams and with more inclusive design outcomes for the end-user. This exploratory work can inspire research to further examine the role of design thinking and related pedagogical approaches in supporting the integration of EDIA principles in teaching engineering design.

IMPLEMENTASI METODE DESIGN THINKING PADA PERANCANGAN APLIKASI GAME EDUKASI PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL ANAK BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA

This research aims to serve as a useful supportive tool in providing knowledge to children about early sexual education to prevent sexual violence using interactive multimedia as an alternative solution for providing sex education to children. The sample for this research consists of fourth-grade students at SD Negeri Percobaan Medan. Through the Design Thinking approach, this research resulted in an educational android game application named "Aku Mandiri" which stands for "Aku Mampu Menjaga Diri". Testing methods included Pre-Test and Post-Test assessments. This research is intended that this application can support teachers and parents in providing effective sex education as a preventive measure against cases of sexual violence against children.

Letter from the Editors: Welcome to 2024

This first AIB Insights issue of 2024 contains five articles that address diverse topics: integrating generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) into IB education, the process of academic capacity building and knowledge creation, a design thinking approach to international markets, how migrant entrepreneurs use liabilities of foreignness and outsidership for developing their marketing strategies, and implications of aging and shrinking populations in the CEE region. We also review the journal’s 2023 accomplishments and plans for the upcoming year.

Developing Critical Skills and Design Thinking via Practical Classes in Higher Education

This article explores the importance of developing critical and design thinking skills in university education. With the growing demand for creative and innovative professionals in various industries, it is essential for universities to provide students with the opportunity to develop these competencies through hands-on activities. The authors argue that a hands-on learning approach, such as project assignments, case studies, business games, model and systems design tasks, can help students develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills needed in today's rapidly changing job market. Design thinking is also becoming a core competency, capable of helping students effectively solve complex problems, develop innovative solutions, and make creative decisions. The article presents various methods of teaching practical classes for economic specialties and discusses the benefits of including such classes in the learning process. By highlighting the benefits of hands-on learning for student development and career growth, this article aims to encourage higher education institutions to adopt a more hands-on approach to education, helping students become well-rounded and employable graduates. The authors emphasize the importance of teacher assistance, acting as mentors and coaches, to contribute to the development of creative thinking and innovative approaches in students. Based on the study's results, recommendations were developed to create conditions for the development of students' critical and design thinking. Compliance with these conditions will enable universities to improve the quality of education in terms of forming competencies and enhancing graduates' competitiveness in the labor market.

Can Reflective Thinking Develop Students’ Metacognition in the Microeconomics Course?

Economics learning prepares students to deal with various decision-making processes and there is a need on independent learning. This study aims at investigating a reflective thinking approach to teaching microeconomics to enhance students’ metacognitive abilities. The study involved a quantitative research approach using a self-administered survey to collect data from participants. The findings indicate that reflective thinking method can be used to identify students’ learning challenges and to find solutions to cope their problems. In particular, the majority of students found difficulties in some chapters, such as profit calculation and pricing in imperfectly competitive markets, as well as game theory and competitive strategy. In addition, students can propose solutions by involving additional resources, e.g., textbooks and YouTube videos.

The Influence of The Critical Thinking Approach on The Doomsday Faith Material on the Attitude of Hubblullah (Love of God) For Grade IX Students of SMP Pustek Serpong Kota Tangsel In 2023

Indoctrinative learning approaches are still widely used by PAI teachers. According to Aceng Kosasih, PAI material is static-dogmatic in nature, especially material related to faith, so that learning that is oriented towards critical thinking is irrelevant. The material on faith until the day it ends, for example, is the lecture method that dominates it. This is very impressive considering that religious material should not only express beliefs without a true rationale. On the other hand, the learning approach can function as a tool to understand the material without changing the principles of the faith. The aim of this research is to try to develop a learning approach based on critical thinking in fostering understanding of the material on faith until the Day of Judgment and testing its effectiveness in improving the hubbullah attitude of class IX junior high school students. This type of research is a pre-experimental model with data collection techniques such as interviews, observation, documentation and tests. The data analysis technique used for qualitative data is the Miles and Huberman model, while for quantitative data the Paired Sample T Test is used which is equipped with an N-Gain calculation to see the level of increase in hubbullah's attitude. The results of the application can be taught very well and are representative in increasing understanding and fostering students' hubbullah attitudes. This can be seen from the PAI teacher assessment showing a percentage of 100%. The influence of the critical thinking approach can be observed from the results of the Paired Sample T test with a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05 with a comparison value of 7.754 > 2.042 ttab which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Regarding the increase in hubbullah's attitude, it can be seen from the calculation of N-Gain = 0.35 with the improvement category being "medium"

Assessing the intention to adopt computational intelligence in interactive marketing

Interactive marketing (IM) can be used by e-commerce businesses to provide interactive and personalised experiences to e-customers by building sustainable relationships and delivering value. Computational intelligence (CI) is the ability of a machine to learn specific tasks via data or experimental observation for understanding and analysing customer behavioural patterns. Thus, this study explores how e-customers may intend to adopt CI in e-commerce within the boundaries of IM. Using online surveys, the primary data were collected from 315 e-customers of e-commerce businesses. Subsequently, the quantitative approach was used to analyse the data. The finding reveals that using a variety of techniques such as fuzzy logic, learning theory, evolutionary computation, genetic algorithms, and deep learning, CI predicts e-customer behaviour in a changing environment. Such a prediction results in desirable impacts, including more successful IM campaigns and retention actions. Further, CI uses a computational thinking approach, including the specification of the problem, algorithmic expression, solution implementation, and solution evaluation, for the identification and classification of stock-keeping units. This allows e-customers to compare the attributes of similar products.

Bridging Qatar's food demand and self-sufficiency: A system dynamics simulation of the energy–water–food nexus

The food sector in Qatar is confronted with formidable challenges due to its harsh environmental conditions. Striving for total food self-sufficiency in such an environment would inevitably exert pressure on the energy and water sectors. This heightened demand for energy and water translates into increased costs and escalates environmental impacts. Consequently, this study embarks on an in-depth analysis of food production within the context of Qatar's energy-water-food nexus, aiming to demonstrate how varying degrees of food self-sufficiency may impact the demand on Qatar's water and energy sectors, as well as on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, this study demonstrates to what extent specific subsystems within the nexus can be modified to enhance sustainability. An energy-water-food nexus is meticulously crafted within the proposed framework to elucidate the intricate interdependencies among these sectors, incorporating pertinent external variables. These interconnections are then transmuted into a system dynamics model (SDM), facilitating a nuanced exploration of potential transformations and their ripple effects. Furthermore, a life-cycle thinking approach explicitly tailored to Qatar was implemented to estimate GHG emissions accurately. Four distinct scenarios are rigorously examined using the SDM, spanning from a status quo perspective to ambitious transitions toward full food self-sufficiency. The findings of the scenarios indicate that scenario 4, which partially provides the country with its food demands locally using desalinated water, treated wastewater, and groundwater and satisfies 20 % of its energy demand from solar energy, is the most ideal with an annual 5.36 × 1010 kWh/year energy consumption, 1.73 × 1012 l/year water demand, and 3.26 × 1010 kg CO2 eq./year emissions. The outcomes underscore the imperative for prioritizing less energy-intensive resources to mitigate overall energy consumption. Additionally, achieving an optimal national scenario necessitates a judicious equilibrium between food imports and domestic production.

Reading the resurrection appearance at the lakeside through lenses of sensing and intuition

This study forms part of a research project designed to test the sensing, intuition, feeling and thinking (SIFT) approach to biblical hermeneutics in respect of a wide range of biblical passages. On this occasion, two contrasting approaches to perceiving (a group of eight sensing types and a group of nine intuitive types) were invited to address two questions to John 21:1–12a: What do you see in this passage? What sparks your imagination in this passage? These two contrasting groups generated characteristically different readings of the same text.Contribution: The SIFT approach to biblical hermeneutics is rooted in the reader-perspective school of interpretation and is concerned with identifying the influence of the psychological type profile of the reader on the interpretation of text. The present study adds to a developing body of evidence validating the theory underpinning the SIFT approach and does so by focusing for the first time on the resurrection appearance at the lakeside in John 21.