Approach Of Setting Research Articles

A Novel Approach of Threshold Setting for the Detection of Islanding in Distribution Generation-based Micro Grid

A Novel Approach of Threshold Setting for the Detection of Islanding in Distribution Generation-based Micro Grid

Angkara Movie Based on Bali Traditional Art

This research aimed to discover how the Angkara movie is based on Balinese traditional art and to find out the mise and scene in the pre-production, production, and post-production processes. Clekontong Mas for the Balinese people is a comedian studio (Bondres), which is well known and admired by the community. Clekontong is translated as ritual media, and Mas means noble. This studio was founded in Denpasar in 2012 and pioneered by I Komang Dedi Diana (Tompel), I Ketut Gede Rudita (Sokir), and I Nyoman Ardika (Sengap). Bondres profoundly has the opportunity to be the inspiration for innovative film productions. However, there is no related research that has examined it further. The data sources used Angkara movies, film directors, cultural experts, and the audience. The method of data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation; online and offline. The Angkara movie was analyzed from the initial scene to the final scene qualitatively using the approach of setting, directing style, blocking, costumes, lighting, and revealing the aesthetics of the Angkara film. The result found that Angkara is a comedy genre film based on Balinese traditions. Directing style, and blocking the placement of Clekonteng Mas were successful role measurements in acting. The costumes of Angkara actors with traditional Balinese characteristics can describe the comedian's situation based on Balinese’s local wisdom. The social phenomenon in the production of the Angkara movie was produced and won national and international festivals. Presenting local Balinese cultural identity can be a source of film creation and characteristics to enrich the aesthetics of Balinese’s local wisdom in the form of films.

Model and Approach of Solid Line Setting Based on Merge Safety and Merge Probability

To improve the safety of merging vehicles and reduce the possibility of accidents, the easiest and most effective way is to adjust the existing traffic facilities. This study examines the requirements and approach of setting a new merge marking. First, a marking calculation model for the acceleration lane was constructed by taking the vehicle-merging probability as the limiting condition and combining the acceptable gap theory. Second, considering the limitation of ramp speed and acceleration lane length, the length of the solid merge line under different volumes and speeds was determined, and the value under different cases was given. Third, the safe change clearance and the length of the solid merge line under different scenarios were analyzed with numerical simulations using MATLAB. Finally, VISSIM was used for the simulation verification of the actual merging zone. The calculation results are that at the same probability, the increase of the volume outside the mainline, the longer the length of the solid merge line. When the volume of the outer lane is 100 pcu/h and 500 pcu/h, the actual gap value is greater than the minimum gap value, and vehicles can safely merge into the mainline. When the volume is 1000 pcu/h, the gap value is less than the minimum safe gap and cannot meet the safe merging, and control measures need to be taken for the lane. The results of the TTC conflict analysis show that it is recommended to set the solid merge line at service level two and above and that the service level three can be set in some cases. The setting of the solid merge line can further increase the vehicle acceleration space, improve the merge speed, and enhance the safety of the merge.

Understanding urban sustainability from Mode 2 Science and transdisciplinary education: how Master Thesis Ateliers of the Ghent Stadsacademie tackle wicked issues.

The wicked sustainability problems that we are increasingly facing not only require new ways of knowledge production, but also challenge our traditional educational system. More and more importance is attached to educational practices and experiments focusing on transdisciplinary problem framing, a pluralistic search for solutions and active collaboration with various stakeholders throughout society. The aim of this article is to investigate how an inter- and transdisciplinary setting in which students develop master theses can contribute to learning about a specific urban problem and what challenges this transdisciplinary education entails. Starting from relevant theoretical and analytical frameworks, such as Mode 2 Science (Nowotny et al. 2005) and the three-phase model of Lang et al. (2012), we first outline the philosophy and approach of the general setting: the Stadsacademie, a collective learning platform or ‘collaboratory’ to explore and investigate wicked problems perceived in the city of Ghent (Belgium). To provide more in-depth and refined insights, we focus on an exemplary activity of the Stadsacademie: the Master Thesis Ateliers ‘Diversity in Social Housing’. A Master Thesis Atelier (MTA) is a collaborative trajectory of one academic year in which 4 to 8 master students and their supervisors from different disciplinary backgrounds concentrate on one specific urban problem and collaborate with non-academic actors aiming to explore and to impact upon that issue. We conclude this article with overall reflections and suggestions for transdisciplinary approaches within educational practices to tackle wicked sustainability issues.

Reinforcement Learning Enabled Self-Homing of Industrial Robotic Manipulators in Manufacturing

Industrial robotics has been playing a major role in manufacturing across all types of industries. One common task of robotic cells in manufacturing is called homing, a step that enables a robotic arm to return to its initial / home position (HPos) from anywhere in a robotic cell, without collision or experiencing robot singularities while respecting its joint limits. In almost all industrial robotic cells, an operation cycle starts from, and ends to HPos. The home position also works as a safe state for a cycle to restart when an alarm or fault occurs within the cell. When an alarm occurs, the robot configuration in the cell is unpredictable, thus challenging to bring the robot, autonomously and with safety at HPos and restart the operation. This paper presents a non-vision, reinforcement learning-based approach of a parallel-agent setting to enable self-homing capability in industrial robotic cells, eliminating the need of manual programming of robot manipulators. This approach assumes the sensing of an unknown robotic cell environment pre-encoded in the state definition so that the policies learned can be transferred without further training. The agents are trained in a simulation environment generated by the mechanical design of an actual robotic cell to increase the accuracy of mapping the real environment to the simulated one. The approach explores the impact of certain curriculum on the agent’s learning and evaluates two choices, compared to a non-curriculum baseline. A parallel-agent, multi-process training setting is employed to enhance performance in exploring the state space, where experiences are shared among the agents via shared memory. Upon deployment, all agents are involved with their respective policies in a collective manner. The approach has been demonstrated in simulated industrial robotic cells, and it has been shown that the policies derived in simulation are transferable to a corresponding real industrial robotic cells, and are generalizable to other robotic systems in manufacturing settings.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIK MELALUI PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK SETTING KOOPERATIF PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMPIT UMAR BIN KHATTAB KABUPATEN PANGKEP

This research is a type of pre-experimental research that aims to: Determine the level of competition for the effectiveness of students who are given a scientific approach to cooperative settings for quadrilateral and triangular flat fields in class VII students of SMP Negeri 6 Makassar based on (a) student achievement, (b) Activities student learning, and (c) Student response. The population in this study were all seventhgrade students of SMPIT Umar Bin Khattab Kabupaten Pangkep. While the sample was selected at random 1 class to be applied as a group that will be given learning treatment by applying a scientific approach to cooperative settings. Before learning is done, pre-test is given first, then learning is carried out by applying a scientific approach in a cooperative setting for 5 meetings, and then given a post-test. The results showed that: (1) the average score of learning implementation from the first meeting to the fifth meeting was 3.80 (very good category). (2) the average value of student learning achievement (gain) is 0.6 (medium classification). (3) the average score of the student activity category is 3.4 (very good category). (4) the average student response is 3.1 (the category tends to be positive). (5) The value of effectiveness (E) obtained is 3.20 (quite effective). Results Based on the research, the scientific approach of cooperative setting is quite effective to be applied to the seventh grade students of SMPIT Umar Bin Khattab Kabupaten Pangkep.

Secure Data Sharing In Agriculture Using Blockchain Technology

The utilization of information and data turns out to be progressively urgent for the farming area to improve profitability and manageability. Data and Communication Technology (ICT) significantly builds the viability and effectiveness of gathering, putting away, investigating and utilizing information in agribusiness. It permits agrarian experts and cultivating networks to handily acquire update-to-date data and accordingly settle on better choices in their every day cultivating. The proposed blockchain based horticulture web application assist ranchers with guaranteeing more prominent benefit through direct rancher to client correspondence. This application chips away at the premise of blockchain innovation, to stay away from the change information during transmission. This assistance helps business correspondence and acquires straightforwardness the framework. The horticultural data framework gives its clients to get data about, cultivating items and so forth Squares of time-stepped item subtleties are put away on all frameworks across a worth chain. The blockchain innovation can comply with the provenance of meals and alongside those traces makes dependable horticulture item deliver chains and assemble believe amongst ranchers and shoppers. As a confided in approach of setting away records, it really works with the usage of records pushed improvements to make cultivating extra intelligent

Mindfulness in Motion and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) in Hypertensive African Americans.

Hypertension increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or related dementias. This pilot study's purpose was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a novel intervention, Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DASH (MIM DASH), to improve diet, mindfulness, stress, and systolic blood pressure (BP) in older African Americans with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and hypertension. Cluster randomized controlled trial. Intergenerational community center in a large metropolitan area. African Americans with MCI and hypertension. Participants were divided into six groups randomized 1:1:1 to the MIM DASH group, attention only (non-hypertensive education) group, or true control group. The MIM DASH and attention only interventions were delivered in 8-weekly 2 hour group sessions. MIM included mindful movements from chair/standing, breathing exercises, and guided meditation. The DASH component used a critical thinking approach of problem solving, goal setting, reflection, and self-efficacy. The true control group received a DASH pamphlet at the end. Feasibility was tracked through enrollment and attendance records; acceptability was assessed through interviews. Blood pressure was measured using the Omron HEM-907XL Monitor. Dietary intake was measured by DASH-Q. Mindfulness was measured by the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale. Stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale. MCI was determined using the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Examination. Data were collected at baseline and 3-months. Median session attendance was six for the MIM DASH group and six for the attention only group. There were no changes in diet, mindfulness, or stress. There was a clinically significant reduction in systolic BP in the MIM DASH group (-7.2 mmHg) relative to the attention only group (-.7), and no change between the MIM DASH and true control groups. Results indicate that the MIM DASH intervention was feasible and culturally acceptable in African Americans with hypertension and MCI.

Do Incentives Contracts Lead to Higher Risk-taking? The Impact of Executives' Characteristics

Stock-option compensation is coherent with the principle of agency theory, by encouraging risk averse executives to take a more risk neutral stance. However, it is unclear whether the contract is actually more powerful than personal characteristics in shaping decision-making. We compare experimentally the risk aversion and prudence of 100 participants under a stock-option incentive contract and a classic equity granting one. We measure a number of personality variables, as well as cortisol and testosterone levels, which have been related to risk taking in previous studies. We first underline that stock-options contract indeed drives more risk neutral behaviour, both regarding variance and skewness. This effect is mainly driven by a shift in focus from losses to gains. Loss aversion and higher cortisol levels were linked to a preference for the safer equity contract. Second, we show that cortisol and testosterone levels are linked to preferences for variance and skewness, often in a quadratic fashion. Third, we show that this impact is actually stronger than the one of the contract, both in terms of predictive power and economic effect. Therefore, our study highlights the impact of personality and even biological variables on risk taking, and underline the need for a behavioural approach of contract setting.

COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTEXTUAL, PROBLEM SOLVING, AND SCIENTIFIK APPROACH OT COOPERATIF SETTING IN MATHEMATICS LEARNING OF CLASS VII STUDENTS AT SMPN ACCREDITATION A

This study is experiment research, which aimsat examining the level of target achievement of students’ learning result taught by using contextual approach of cooperative setting, scientific approach of cooperative setting, and problem solving approach of cooperative setting based on (a) the posttest score of students, (b) improvement of students’ learning result, and examining the effectiveness of contextual approach of cooperative setting, scientific approach of cooperative setting, and problem solving approach of cooperative setting in Rectangular Flat Surface and Triangle Flat Surface Material of Clas VII studens at SMPN Accreditation A in Makassar based on (a) students’ learning achievement, (b) students’ learning activities, and (c) studens’ response. The population of the study were the entire students of class VII at SMPN Accreditation A in Makassar of academic year 2015/2016; whereas, the samples of the study were 3 school taken ramdomly which were given treatment in Mathematics learning by applying contextual approach of cooperative setting, scientific approach of cooperative setting, and problem solving approach of cooperative setting. Before learning was conducted, the pretest was given beforehand to three schools. Afterwards, learning was conducted by applying contextual approach of cooperative setting, scientific approach of cooperative setting, and problem solving approach of cooperative setting in the experiment class. The result of the study reveals that all of approaches are in fairly effective category with the effectiveness level of each approach is as follows: contextual approach of cooperative setting is E=3.42, the scientific approach of cooperative setting is E=3.20, problem solving approach of cooperative setting is E=3.32. The contextual approach of cooperative setting is more effective than scientific approach of cooperative setting, and problem solving approach of cooperative setting in Mathematics learning of class VII students at SMPN Accreditation A in Makassar

Novel Multi-Level Dynamic Traffic Load-Balancing Protocol for Data Center

Typically, the production data centers function with various risk factors, such as for instance the network dynamicity, topological asymmetry, and switch failures. Hence, the load-balancing schemes should consider the sensing accurate path circumstances as well as the reduction of failures. However, under dynamic traffic, current load-balancing schemes use the fixed parameter setting, resulting in suboptimal performances. Therefore, we propose a multi-level dynamic traffic load-balancing (MDTLB) protocol, which uses an adaptive approach of parameter setting. The simulation results show that the MDTLB outperforms the state-of-the-art schemes in terms of both the flow completion time and throughput in typical data center applications.

Use of isotope hydrology in groundwater conceptualization for modeling flow and contaminant transport at northwestern Sinai, Egypt.

The study area extends along northwestern Sinai coastal plain, which is considered an integral part of the Mediterranean Sea. It depends mainly on the groundwater resource for different type of human activities such as agricultural and drinking. Many programs and policies should be implemented in this area to concurrently improve the sustainability of groundwater use and manage the risks of its degradation. Leakage from some factories in Bir El-Abd might be a contamination source that would threaten groundwater. In this paper, an attempt was made using an integrated approach of the hydrogeological setting and the conjugation of the hydrogeochemical data with the stable isotope hydrology for representation of the conceptual model of the study area. Those tools give more insights on the characterization of the groundwater system with all relevant boundaries and main recharge sources of the aquifer; which is considered to be the key components of a groundwater modeling. A particular focus is placed on modeling a hypothetical accident for contaminant transport in the groundwater system, using both lead and chromium as a typical contaminant component. Further predication of the concentration of those elements has been estimated, and the safety distances of their plume have been determined. This study would be helpful in dealing with water management issues related to contaminant hydrogeology. As well, it introduces some finding for reducing the environmental risk form the industrial development at the study area.

Direct Position Determination of Unknown Signals in the Presence of Multipath Propagation.

A novel geolocation architecture, termed “Multiple Transponders and Multiple Receivers for Multiple Emitters Positioning System (MTRE)” is proposed in this paper. Existing Direct Position Determination (DPD) methods take advantage of a rather simple channel assumption (line of sight channels with complex path attenuations) and a simplified MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm cost function to avoid the high dimension searching. We point out that the simplified assumption and cost function reduce the positioning accuracy because of the singularity of the array manifold in a multi-path environment. We present a DPD model for unknown signals in the presence of Multi-path Propagation (MP-DPD) in this paper. MP-DPD adds non-negative real path attenuation constraints to avoid the mistake caused by the singularity of the array manifold. The Multi-path Propagation MUSIC (MP-MUSIC) method and the Active Set Algorithm (ASA) are designed to reduce the dimension of searching. A Multi-path Propagation Maximum Likelihood (MP-ML) method is proposed in addition to overcome the limitation of MP-MUSIC in the sense of a time-sensitive application. An iterative algorithm and an approach of initial value setting are given to make the MP-ML time consumption acceptable. Numerical results validate the performances improvement of MP-MUSIC and MP-ML. A closed form of the Cramér–Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is derived as a benchmark to evaluate the performances of MP-MUSIC and MP-ML.

Effectiveness of house of recovery stunting (HRs) to reducing stunting child below two years old at streams area

Banjar Regency is a production the cultivation of fish highest other regency in south Kalimantan as much as 12.595, 9 tons per year. With the condition of the area and the result of the cultivation, this area should have potential as a fishery source that plays a role in the provision of animal protein such as fish that can be utilized by the community to improve the nutrition of the community, especially stunting problems. Based on data from the Provincial Health Office, it is known that the largest stunting prevalence is found in Banjar Regency. The prevalence of stunting is in the working area of Sungai Pinang (53.46% (2014), increasing from 53.25% (2013). The area of the puskesmas is an area located in the streams, so it should not fall under the category of areas with very poor public health problems with stunting prevalence of ≥ 40%, because local commodities are fish with protein and DHA content both for growth and brain development baduta. The result of this research by using Paired Samples Test with 95% confidence level shows the implementation of HRS with CTL approach of TGT setting has effectiveness to decrease of stunting event in baduta in work area of Puskesmas Sungai Pinang (p-value 0, 003).

A hybrid modification approach of machine-tool setting considering high tooth contact performance in spiral bevel and hypoid gears

Machine-tool setting modification for spiral bevel and hypoid gears has been continually demanding more strength and less noise in terms of tooth contact performance. However, it only considers ease-off, but ignores tooth contact performance items. In the present paper, a novel hybrid systematic method is proposed to obtain high tooth contact performance by modifying machine-tool settings. In addition to the traditional item, namely residual ease-off, other three items: (i) the maximum contact pressure, (ii) the maximum loaded transmission error, and (iii) the contact ratio are applied to comprehensively evaluate the gear tooth contact performance. The universal machine-tool setting modification only considering the residual ease-off is first applied to identify initial machine-tool settings. Then, the relationships of high tooth contact performance items and machine-tool settings are established based on the loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA). Finally, after selecting a few machine-tool settings as the optimal variables based on the sensitivity analysis method, a proportional modification is performed by designing different modification schemes about the optimal settings with different proportions and synthetically evaluating their results on multi-objective high tooth contact performance. The numerical instance and test are employed to verify the validity of the proposed hybrid modification.

A Contingency Analysis of Precarious Organizational Temporariness

This paper extends current understanding of organizational temporariness. The life of a temporary British trade union branch established to recruit Eastern European migrant workers reveals ‘precarious temporariness’, which is less predictable than the ‘planned temporariness’ typically portrayed in the literature. This different type of temporariness was associated with four key contingencies affecting the branch: dispersed governance; bottom‐up initiatives; uncertain resourcing; and an effectuation logic. Analysis of the case extends existing understanding of organizational temporariness and points to an extension of existing theorizing by highlighting the contingent nature of temporariness. The broader managerial implication of the findings is that, for projects facing contingencies of the kind studied, the conventional linear approach of target setting and performance management will be less effective than an ongoing process of communication and consultation.

New Approach of Structural Setting of Gold Deposits in Birimian Volcanic Belt in West African Craton: The Example of the Sabodala Gold Deposit, SE Senegal

The Sabodala gold deposit in the Mako volcanic Belt (SE-Senegal, West African Craton) occurs in mafic and ultramafic rocks overlain by clastic sedimentary rocks and felsic volcanic-volcaniclastic sequences. It is a structurally controlled mesothermal vein gold deposit developed in deformed rocks units near the Falombo pluton. The Sabodala Goldfield comprises several faults systems striking N-S to NE-SW. New structural evolution consisting of both thrusting and transcurrent events has been defined for the Sabodala Goldfield. The majority of the gold at Sabodala occurs on the western flank of a large, doubling plunging dome (the Sabodala Antiform) and is also associated with sinistral wrenching that overprints early structures within the Sabodala Mine. The gold bearing veins are hosted by flat lying and NW-trending shear zones. The NW-trending faults acted as transfers syn-gold mineralization, although only discrete segments of these faults were active during the main stage of gold mineralization. Late exhumation resulted in extension along fault zones was responsible for the juxtaposition of medium and low grade metamorphic rocks. The granitic suite of the Falombo pluton is linked to exhumation. Final dextral transpression postdating exhumation produced shearing and folding. Gold lodes developed during brittle deformation are associated with high fluid pressures in a northwest-southeast shortening regime. These are termed mainly the Sabodala deposit, and secondary the Niakafiri and Masato deposits.

Natural Killer (NK) Alloreactivity Seems Not to Play a Role in Preventing Leukemia Relapse in Unmanipulated Haploidentical Bone Marrow Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide

BackgroundNatural Killer (NK) cells have been widely studied due to their non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxicity towards transformed or virally infected target cells. In the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), donor NK cells may be "alloreactive" as their killer immunoglobuline-like receptors (KIRs) do not recognize their ligands on recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules (i.e. KIR-ligands), leading to NK activation. NK alloreactivity can often occur in haploidentical HSCT (Haplo-HSCT), by means of KIR/KIR-L mismatch in graft versus host (GvH) direction, contributing to graft-versus leukemia (GvL) effect, clearing residual leukemic blasts. In the last decade, several studies have shown that NK cells alloreactivity plays a role in T-depleted Haplo-HSCT leading to higher disease free survival rates for patients transplanted from NK-alloreactive donors; recent studies have also shown that donors having KIR B haplotypes (characterized by the presence of more activating KIR) or expressing KIR2DS1 correlated with a better clinical outcome of transplantation. Thus, these NK cell features might be positively considered in the donor selection strategy.Materials and Methods:We analyzed NK-alloreactivity in the setting of unmanipulated Haplo-HSCT with post-transplant cyclophosphamide for patients affected by acute myeloid leukemia or myelodisplastic syndromes. 101 consecutive patients transplanted from September, 2010 to October, 2014 were enrolled, with the big majority of donors and patients studied for HLA-genotype and KIR.Results:Disease status at HSCT was the most relevant factor affecting outcome (p <0.0001), with 3 y 78% overall survival (OS) and 76% disease free survival (DFS) rates for "early" patients (CR1+CR2, n=61) versus 33% OS and 28% DFS rates for "advanced" patients (CR3 or active disease, n=40). Nor NK-alloreactivity nor the presence of donor KIR-B haplotype nor the presence of donor KIR2DS1 seemed to play a role in preventing leukemia relapse. NK alloreactive patients had DFS rate similar to non-NK alloreactive group (62% vs 59%, p 0.47) with a better, still non-significant trend in OS (72% vs 60%, p 0.14) for NK-alloreactive patients. Similarly, Haplo-HSCT from donors with KIR-B haplotype (with B-content score>=2) or who had KIR2DS1 was not associated with better outcome (p 0.67 and p 0.89, respectively). We observed an high expression of CD56 and inhibitory receptors such as NKG2A on surface of NK cells in post-HSCT samples, suggesting that NK-cell function could be inhibited in unmanipulated haploidentical setting.ConclusionsNK alloreactivity seems not to play a role in preventing leukemia relapse in unmanipulated haploidentical transplantation with post-transplantation. The different immunosuppressive approach of this Haplo-HSCT setting compared to T-depleted Haplo-HSCT, with concomitant use of cyclosporine from early transplant days, which has been shown to interact and possibly inhibit NK cells in vivo, and post transplant cyclophosphamide effects, selectively killing activated T-cell and inducing long-term tolerance, could affect NK efficacy. Further studies are needed to better understand the complexity of this intriguing issue, leading to a more complete definition of NK cell functions in this Haplo-HSCT setting. [Display omitted] [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

The adoption of e-health services: Comprehensive analysis of the adoption setting from the user׳s perspective

ObjectivesE-health services have been shown to be effective measures to reduce costs and improve the quality in the public health sector. However, no broad knowledge exists about the adoption setting of e-health services. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the adoption decision of e-health services from the user׳s perspective. MethodsA qualitative study of (potential) users׳ adoption decision based on tape recorded semi-structured interviews was conducted with (potential) users of e-health services (n=42) in Germany and Switzerland. ResultsA comprehensive approach of the adoption setting for e-health services was derived from the data. Five main categories of determinants on the adoption decision were identified: service-, adopter-, environment-, physician- and funding-related drivers. Furthermore, a general interest in health, a health need and the desire for saving costs were identified as main triggers of the decision-making process. Finally, the (potential) user׳s technology readiness and health literacy had an influence on the future adoption decision. ConclusionsThe results of this study broaden the knowledge about the relevant determinants concerning the adoption setting of e-health services. Therefore, they are intended to initially assist the adoption decision and in a following step to support the dissemination of the advantageous e-health services for the public health sector. As the analysis is primarily qualitative, the results nevertheless need to be supported by a quantitative analysis.

Direct-Current Predictive Control Strategy for Inhibiting Commutation Failure in HVDC Converter

Commutation failures, which may lead to outage of HVDC systems, usually occur in line-commutated HVDC systems, especially in the inverter stations. As a method to reduce the risk of commutation failures, additional angle deducted from the firing order at the inverter station has its inherent limitations. In this paper, by analyzing the inverter transient process of normal commutation and commutation failure especially, it is shown that direct-current control can be used to inhibit the commutation failures and present an improvement strategy of control system on the inverter side. Based on the analysis of commutation failure prevention (CFPREV), an approach of direct current value setting is proposed, the selections of parameters in calculating process are CFPREV-based in order to implement it conveniently, and the dc current predictive control strategy is applied by modifying the conventional control system at the inverter. The validity is proved by simulation of the CIGRE HVDC model and multi-infeed HVDC model based on CIGRE HVDC, where various ac system faults in PSCAD/EMTDC are set manually. The results show that the proposed algorithm is very effective in inhibiting commutation failures or repetitive ones, and even would enhance fault-ride-through capability of HVDC system with commutation failures.