Organizational Approach Research Articles

How to present and summarize a scientific journal article

The success of a journal club hinges on the presentation of articles that are both relevant and scientifically robust. It’s insufficient for presenters to merely read through an article and highlight a few points without a clear focus. A strong presentation should thoroughly describe the relevance and validity of the study, offer a critique, suggest how further research might address the issue, and discuss the implications for patient care. Selecting the right article is crucial. It is recommended to begin the presentation with a case scenario to emphasize the article’s clinical relevance and to revisit the case at the conclusion of the presentation. The components of the article presentation should include background information, methodology and results, and the authors’ discussion. Additionally, the presenter should critique the article’s validity, noting any potential biases, evaluating the risks and costs of the proposed intervention, and assessing how well the article supports its hypothesis. The presentation should conclude with a summary statement that includes conclusions, implications, and future directions. Having a structured process for journal club presentations guides presenters and ensures that attendees derive maximum benefit from the educational activity. This organized approach fosters a deeper understanding and encourages critical thinking among participants.

Implementing an Organizational Trauma-Informed Approach to Olympic Sites: An Urgent Priority to Protect Elite Athlete Well-being During Olympic Games Participation

Abuse has been acknowledged as an adverse event which leads to trauma and long-term health effects in sport. Given the high rates of abuse occurring in elite sport contexts, many Olympic athletes will not only be subjected to abuse while residing and competing at the Olympic Games but may also experience trauma and its effects. In this article, we build on the calls for a trauma-informed approach in elite sport to outline a rationale for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to implement an organizational trauma-informed approach to Olympic sites. Such an approach is essential because trauma researchers outside, and inside sport contexts, have outlined that when organizations are not trauma aware, and practices are not trauma-informed, unintended “unsafe” responses may result. To contextualize our rationale for an organizational trauma-informed approach, we provide examples of Olympic athletes’ stories to demonstrate the abuse and trauma they experienced while competing at the Olympic Games. To build on the human right that all athletes participating in the Olympic Games have the right to do so safely and free from harm, we further outline what an organizational trauma-informed approach involves and why it is important to limit re-traumatization risk. We further reflect on how being trauma-informed extends a duty of care to better protect athletes, which should be a responsibility of the IOC.

The effect of employees' perception of organizational justice on psychological capital and job satisfaction

Employees are the most valuable asset for industries. Therefore, the human factor's labour, effort, and management skills are significant added value for corporate sustainability from a sectoral perspective. Employees contribute to the development of corporate culture, the achievement of corporate goals, and, indirectly, the development of the national economy. In this respect, employees' success is essential for achieving the targeted corporate results. Employees' love for their jobs, adoption of the organization they work for, harmony with their colleagues, and trust in their supervisors will affect the success of their work. The organizational justice approach is a significant driving force behind this success. The primary purpose of this study is to measure the effect of employees' perceptions of organizational justice on their job satisfaction and psychological capital levels. The research covers 451 employees in the education, health, finance, industry, and service sectors. The data obtained from the employees were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs, and structural equation modelling was used. As a result, a statistically significant and robust relationship was found between employees' perceptions of organizational justice and their perceptions of psychological capital and job satisfaction. When a workplace environment that will enable human capital to flourish in businesses is created, this capital's current value and productivity will increase.

Political-Economic Comparison of The World Bank and The New Development Bank

Although stated as one of the influential actors in international relations and discussed in many previous studies, MDB had yet to be comprehensively depicted. Through this research, the author intended to fill this gap by comparing the World Bank as a traditional MDB and the New Development Bank as a Neo MDB within the international economic order. By comparing the political and economic anatomy such as ownership structure, distribution of voting power in decision-making, establishment objectives, types of financing services, operational coverage, sources of funding, private sector options, and service customization and examining them using an organizational political-economy approach, the author found both MDBs had significant differences in carrying out their functions as cross-border financial institutions.

Budaya Inovasi : Upaya Membangun Organisasi Publik Yang Agile

The ever-changing world conditions demand that public organizations can survive, where a culture of innovation can be used as a basis in facing global competition. An agile governance approach in public organizations is needed to deal with this situation. The purpose of this research is to influence the factors that influence the culture of innovation in order to build an agile public organization. This research method is a literature study with research journals related to the culture of innovation in public organizations. The results of the study there are 3 factors that affect the culture of innovation, namely: first is the commitment of the leadership in order to encourage change, Second is a flexible organizational structure that can support a culture of innovation and creativity of personnel. Third is the approach/strategy used to support the creation of a culture of innovation in public organizations. Agile public organizations allow public organizations to quickly adjust and ensure better public services where a culture of innovation is the foundation for achieving this goal.

Отруєння фосфором як професійне та екологічно обумовлене захворювання в умовах війни у світлі рекомендацій Міжнародної організації праці 2022 року

Abstract. The issue of diagnosis, registration and monitoring of diseases related to phosphorus poisoning is extremely important, taking into account Russia’s use of phosphorous ammunition on the territory of Ukraine. The system of recognition and monitoring of occupational and environmentally determined diseases needs to be adapted to modern requirements of European legislation. Aim. Analysis of the system for determining occupational phosphorus poisoning in Ukraine and its comparison with modern requirements of The International Labor Organization. Materials and Methods. The analytical review of scientific publications is carried out using abstract databases of scientific libraries PubMed, Medline and text databases of scientific publishers Pub Med, Central, BMJ group and other VIP databases. The analysis of reporting materials of The State Labor Service of Ukraine (SLSU), methodological approaches of The International Labor Organization (ILO) is carried out. Methods of system, comparative, and content analysis are used. Results. The results obtained in the study indicate an extremely low prevalence of toxic lesions of occupational and environmentally determined genesis in Ukraine: chemical intoxication accounts for less than 0.2% in the structure of occupational diseases, and phosphorus poisoning has not been registered in the last 20 years. Significant discrepancies were found in the system of recognition of occupational phosphorus poisoning in Ukraine in comparison with the methodological recommendations of The International Labor Organization-2022. In contrast to the instructions for the application of the list of occupational diseases (LOD) of The International Labor Organization-2022, similar documents in Ukraine do not provide a characteristic of phosphorus properties, its toxicological profile, the minimum duration of exposure that causes occupational disease, the duration of the latent period, which complicates the recognition of occupational diseases, objectification of the diagnosis, and also leads to a distortion of statistical indicators regarding occupational morbidity. Conclusions. The recognition system of occupational phosphorus poisoning in Ukraine needs to be adapted to the European recommendations and requirements recommended by the ILO. First of all, this concerns the list of occupational diseases and instructions for its use, bringing them to the norms of international legislation will allow unifying the diagnostic system, objectifying it and establishing a system for registering occupational diseases at the proper level. The problem is particularly relevant given the high risk of phosphorus intoxication of the population, military and certain professional groups on the territory of military operations in Ukraine. Keywords: phosphorus, occupational poisoning, military operations, list of occupational diseases.

Political Turmoil in ECOWAS: When Politics Prevails Over Law

Several military regimes have recently come to power within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). This article on the political crisis in ECOWAS examines the main causes of these developments in the region and the approaches of regional organizations to address them in the African context, taking into account the practices of the OAU and the African Union. In the first phase, ECOWAS imposed a series of sanctions against these states for violating their international legal obligations in the areas of democracy, human rights, the rule of law, and good governance. In addition, the community decided to use military force in the Republic of Niger in order to free M. Bazoum, and, in response to this threat, Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger decided, on September 16, 2023, to create the Alliance of Sahel States (ASS) for self-defense to repel the aggression of the ECOWAS troops. Furthermore, on January 28, 2024, the ASS countries announced their withdrawal from ECOWAS, and, in order to prevent a split in ECOWAS, on February 24, 2024, the community decided to lift the sanctions previously imposed on Niger, Mali, and Guinea on humanitarian grounds. This article examines in detail both the political and legal sides of the decisions taken by ECOWAS. Based on their analysis, the authors conclude that democracy remains an important tool for promoting stability in African multinational societies. According to the authors, attempts by the AU and ECOWAS to address political instability through normative means can be encouraged. However, ECOWAS’ sanction policies against offending countries should be based on existing community norms, humanity, and real facts in order to avoid dividing the community.

Unmanned Underwater Vehicles in Crime Detection and Prevention

The relevance of the research is determined by the need to develop effective methods and strategies for the use of modern technologies to ensure the security of marine and underwater facilities in the face of the growing threat of underwater activity, terrorism, and violations of laws at sea. The research aims to analyse and document specific tactical and organisational approaches to the use of unmanned underwater vehicles aimed at increasing the effectiveness of actions related to the detection, investigation, and prevention of underwater crime. Classification, analytical, functional, statistical, and synthesis methods are among the methods used. The research results highlight the global experience of using drones in forensic practice and may serve as a basis for further improvement of legislation in this area. The application of uninhabited underwater vehicles by law enforcement and state bodies in the investigation of criminal offences is considered in the article, and the norms of criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan regulating the use of technical means in criminal proceedings are analysed. The study reveals the lack of comprehensive research on the use of unmanned underwater vehicles as scientific and technical means for the investigation of certain types of criminal cases, such as drug-trafficking and poaching, and offers recommendations on their use to identify and search for evidence in the aquatic environment. This research has a practical value by providing new methodologies and strategies for organisations and law-enforcement agencies in the field of underwater security, contributing to more effective detection, investigation, and prevention of crime in the maritime and underwater domains.

A Spatio-temporal Graph Transformer driven model for recognizing fine-grained data human activity

Human activity recognition(HAR) is an important research focus in ubiquitous computing. It has been widely applied in various domains, such as smart homes, healthcare assistance, and sports training. Accurate human activity recognition directly impacts the performance of downstream tasks. Existing methods for human activity recognition primarily rely on extracting temporal or spatial features from the data. These features are used for the task of human activity recognition. The existing methods mainly use CNN or RNN models to model the Euclidean correlations among spatially adjacent sensors or channels. However, non-Euclidean pairwise correlations among all sensors or channels are even critical for accurate classification, which has been ignored by the existing methods. In this paper, we incorporate fine-grained spatial structural data into the model to overcome these limitations. A novel deep learning model for human activity recognition is proposed, which is called the fine-grained data-oriented Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer network (STGT). The introduction of the STGT model can eliminate the limitations of existing spatial feature extraction methods by leveraging a novel data organization approach proposed in this study. This model enhances the spatial features within the time feature extraction module for effective spatio-temporal feature extraction. We conducted experiments on four large-scale real-world HAR datasets to evaluate its performance. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our method over state-of-the-art approaches.

ASPIRE for excellence in student engagement: Examples of how institutions operationalize a complex construct

Student engagement is a key contributor to educational programme quality. It is a complex construct often defined with the focus on student behaviors. However, a broader, more organizational approach takes into account the institutional context and how this can be structured to encourage and support students’ willingness and ability to become engaged. This paper includes suggestions for a student engagement system using key elements recognized in the literature and concrete examples from medical schools that achieved recognition in the ASPIRE-to-Excellence student engagement initiative. The examples from the ASPIRE participants demonstrate that the presence of certain key features creates a mutually beneficial collaborative approach between students and their institutions. This includes opportunities for students to formally engage in four domains touching on the breadth of student life, including institutional governance and policy-making, educational programme development and evaluation, participation in activities in the academic community, and participation in local community and international outreach. Based on an in-depth review of the information from three medical schools that recently received an ASPIRE-to-Excellence award in student engagement, it was possible to identify certain specific practices that individually and taken together allow an institution to demonstrate excellence in this complex construct. As an overarching concept, it was clear that student participation in each of these domain areas benefitted from a supportive institutional culture characterized by specific formal attributes and activities. Examples included codifying student involvement in governance through institutional policies; maximizing communication routes among students and between students and school administrators and faculty; and formalizing a participatory environment through missions statements or strategic plans. For programme planning, a helpful conceptualization is that a successful student engagement programme occurs when change is championed by all stakeholders within an institution and the organization supports a collaborative culture that includes students as active participants and partners.

AI in Dynamic Budgeting and Forecasting

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal force in transforming a wide array of industries, and its impact on the financial sector, particularly in the domains of dynamic budgeting and forecasting, has been profound. Dynamic budgeting and forecasting are essential financial functions that involve the continuous allocation of resources and the prediction of future financial states. These processes are critical for organizations to maintain financial health, respond to market fluctuations, and align their resources with strategic objectives. Traditionally, budgeting and forecasting have relied heavily on historical data, linear models, and static assumptions, often resulting in rigid frameworks that struggle to adapt to the volatile and complex economic environments of today.The limitations of these conventional methods become increasingly apparent in the face of rapid technological advancements, global market dynamics, and unpredictable economic events. Traditional approaches tend to be time-consuming, inflexible, and prone to inaccuracies, especially when faced with sudden changes in market conditions or unexpected disruptions. These challenges have necessitated the exploration of more sophisticated, responsive, and predictive methods—enter AI. With its unparalleled ability to process vast datasets, identify hidden patterns, and make real-time adjustments, AI presents a formidable solution to the inefficiencies inherent in traditional budgeting and forecasting techniques. This paper delves into the integration of AI within dynamic budgeting and forecasting frameworks, examining the transformative potential of AI-driven methodologies. By leveraging advanced AI techniques such as machine learning, neural networks, and predictive analytics, organizations can significantly enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability of their financial forecasts. Machine learning, for instance, allows for the analysis of historical and real-time data, enabling the creation of models that can predict future financial scenarios with remarkable precision. Neural networks, with their capacity to model complex, non-linear relationships, offer further enhancement by allowing for the consideration of a multitude of variables and their interactions. Predictive analytics, on the other hand, provides organizations with the tools to foresee potential financial outcomes and adjust their strategies accordingly, thereby fostering a proactive rather than reactive approach to financial management. The research presented in this paper not only explores the theoretical underpinnings of AI in dynamic budgeting and forecasting but also provides an in-depth analysis of real-world applications. Through a series of case studies, the paper illustrates how leading organizations have successfully integrated AI into their financial planning processes, resulting in improved decision-making, more accurate forecasts, and ultimately, a stronger alignment with business goals. These case studies highlight the tangible benefits of AI-driven budgeting tools, such as reduced forecasting errors, enhanced resource allocation, and the ability to swiftly adapt to changing market conditions. Moreover, this paper employs a combination of mathematical models and analytical techniques to demonstrate the practical implementation of AI in budgeting and forecasting. It addresses the technical aspects of deploying AI models, such as the selection of appropriate algorithms, the integration of AI tools with existing financial systems, and the interpretation of AI-generated insights. The mathematical expressions and calculations included provide a clear illustration of how AI can be harnessed to optimize budgeting processes, reduce operational inefficiencies, and enhance financial performance. The literature review component of this paper further situates the discussion within the broader context of existing research, identifying the key trends, challenges, and opportunities in the application of AI to financial planning. It critically examines the successes and limitations of previous studies, thereby laying the groundwork for the new insights and recommendations that this paper contributes to the field. This paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the role of AI in revolutionizing traditional budgeting and forecasting methods. By exploring both the theoretical and practical dimensions of AI integration, the research provides valuable insights for financial managers, AI practitioners, and policymakers alike. The findings underscore the potential of AI to not only enhance the accuracy and adaptability of financial forecasts but also to fundamentally transform the way organizations approach budgeting, thereby enabling more informed, strategic, and agile financial decision-making in an increasingly complex and unpredictable world.

Mapping Strategies for Strengthening Safety Culture: A Scoping Review.

Twenty years after the "To Err Is Human" report, one in ten patients still suffer harm in hospitals in high-income countries, highlighting the need to strengthen the culture of safety in healthcare. This scoping review aims to map patient safety culture strengthening strategies described in the literature. This scoping review follows the JBI methodology. It adhered to all scoping review checklist items (PRISMA-ScR) with searches in the Lilacs, MedLine, IBECS, and PubMed databases and on the official websites of Brazilian and North American patient safety organizations. The research took place during the year 2023. In total, 58 studies comprising 52 articles and 6 documents from health organizations were included. Various strategies were identified and grouped into seven categories based on similarity, highlighting the need for a comprehensive organizational approach to improve patient care. The most described strategies were communication (69%), followed by teamwork (58.6%) and active leadership (56.9%). The identified strategies can promote the development of a culture in which an organization can achieve patient safety, involving practices and attitudes that reduce risks and errors in healthcare. However, the identification of strategies is limited because it is restricted to certain databases and websites of international organizations and does not cover a broader spectrum of sources. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these strategies in improving patient safety culture has not yet been evaluated.

Identifying barriers and interagency solutions to meeting the needs of families experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV): Home visiting and IPV agency perspectives

BackgroundAddressing intimate partner violence (IPV) among expectant families and caregivers with young children requires that multi-professional systems work collaboratively towards a common goal. IPV services and maternal and infant home visiting programs are two important perspectives to consider in designing interagency strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify shared priorities among home visiting and IPV professionals on IPV-related challenges and interagency solutions to support families with young children. MethodsHome visiting and IPV service providers (n=22) separately completed a structured brainstorming activity during four virtual focus groups using nominal group technique (NGT) to generate, rank, and reach consensus on prioritized barriers and solutions for the service population. The multi-professional study team (including home visiting and IPV partners) grouped and organized the top three prioritized barriers and solutions identified across groups using a pile sort activity. As a reliance measure, NGT discussion transcripts were coded to the final pile sort categories to ensure our presentation of the data was contextualized and supported by original participant responses. ResultsTwenty-four items were sorted into seven piles (three barriers and four solutions). The need to address families’ concrete needs was consistently prioritized across groups and matched with solutions that provide families with immediate financial support. Participants prioritized barriers resulting from client involvement in multiple, complex systems and named interagency process solutions (e.g., cross-systems training, enhanced referral processes) as the corresponding solution. The impact of individual and collective trauma was discussed as a barrier and matched with community-facing development (e.g., healthy relationship education). Policy, advocacy, and funding-oriented solutions were discussed as cross-cutting across all barriers. ConclusionEffective cross-system efforts are warranted to meet the interrelated needs of families impacted by IPV. The study highlights a shared view on prioritized challenges and actionable solutions to inform interagency collaboration among IPV agencies and early childhood home visiting programs. Our findings shed light on the importance of an organized public health approach to target IPV prevention and response.

An organizational sustainability framework for Latin American Catholic schools in the La Salle network. A cross-national study using structural equations modeling

PurposeThis study aims to address the challenge of sustainability in Catholic schools quantitatively, even more so knowing that there are few systematized and quantitatively elaborated approaches that help to determine their sustainability dimensions. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the structural relationships of organizational sustainability in primary and secondary religious schools in Latin America based on the substantive functions of the school, such as care, upbringing and education from an organizational approach.Design/methodology/approachDeductive reasoning was used. In the preliminary phase, data were extracted from 420 educational leaders of primary and secondary schools in Latin America from the Lasallian Network, leading a school population of 200,500 students and impacting 166 schools; these previous results were again contrasted with the forthcoming literature with research from the Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain, to achieve the sustainability framework, which has an endogenous variable called the school organizational sustainability framework.FindingsThe results reveal four dimensions of the first-order structural model: management, association, communication, well-being and curriculum, And eight second-order dimensions: governance, communication, resources, secular association, secular partnership, health, social commitment, and campus operation. The investigation results show that secular association and well-being are two dimensions that are constituted as the main elements of a sustainability framework for this type of organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe Catholic school has specific dimensions that need to be cared for with special attention, such as association, which comes from the laity and comes from the experience of the religious. In addition to this vital dimension, well-being, constituted as care for the people of the community, as care for all, is connatural to the religious school. Still, it is constituted by an edge that completes it, and that is the concern for the well-being of those outside regarding social justice. A limitation in the pretension of totality is that the study is conducted in a small portion of Catholic schools in Latin America.Practical implicationsA practical impact in the schools investigated is to present this sustainability framework as a reference to incorporate these dimensions as a strategy to bet on sustainability. Although the realities and contexts of the Latin American school are very different, some factors can impact low-income schools and schools with more significant financial resources if they are strengthened and worked on with dedication. In addition, this framework can lead to roads and the construction of indicators within the school, which can measure the sustainable commitment of the whole school. Finally, a clear finding of the framework is the need for good governance processes related to leadership and leaders' commitment to school-wide sustainability.Social implicationsThe present study impacts the depth that the proposal of the global educational pact can reach in the reality of Catholic schools in Latin America. The seriousness with which its leaders take the issue of sustainability from this perspective can contribute to the sustainability of life itself.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is that it constitutes the first Sustainability framework in Latin America in Catholic schools from an organizational approach.

A Pilot Survey of Pediatric Occupational and Physical Therapy Providers’ Confidence, Attitudes, Barriers, and Education Regarding Trauma-Informed Care

Aim Trauma-informed care (TIC) is a strengths-based organizational approach which recognizes the prevalence and impact of trauma on an individual’s neurological, sensorimotor, and emotional responses and development. There is limited research on pediatric occupational therapy providers’ (OTPs) and physical therapy providers’ (PTPs) perceptions on incorporating TIC into their practice. This pilot study aims to describe the confidence, attitudes, barriers, and education of pediatric OTPs and PTPs regarding TIC. Method OTPs and PTPs (n = 87) working in pediatric settings in the U.S. completed an electronic survey regarding their perceptions of TIC. Results OTPs reported higher confidence in TIC compared to PTPs. Most participants reported favorable attitudes toward TIC, yet no statistical significance was identified between the two professions’ overall attitudes toward TIC. Collectively, participants reported lack of time and training as barriers. There was a statistically significant difference between how the two professions rated competency, training, and concern over clients’ retraumatization. There was significant association between years of professional experience and TIC education. Conclusion Preliminary findings indicate an overall agreement of OTPs and PTPs with principles of TIC and common barriers to TIC practice. There are implications to further integrate opportunities for TIC training into foundational education and professional practice.

Anticipatory Development Foresight: An approach for international and multilateral organizations

AbstractMotivationIn the three years before 2023, we have seen multiple parallel crises—from climate emergencies to economic instability, dramatic increases in costs of living, and political insecurities. Looming larger than the risks is the resultant uncertainty. Development agents, including governments, are historically unprepared for managing converging crisis. When risks are analysed and governed in narrow ways, the historically oppressed and excluded continue to carry the brunt of impact.PurposeThis article reflects on the question: How can institutions, including governments, become more anticipatory against this backdrop, to ensure that their policy and investment choices do not leave anyone behind due to lack of preparedness?Approach and methodsIt draws insights from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Asia and the Pacific's efforts since 2020 to apply more future‐fit planning and programming, recognizing that foresight is not an end in itself, but a mechanism for shaping more anticipatory institutions. It is based on qualitative learning synthesized from over three years of work to establish new systems, capabilities and processes for UNDP and its partners to engage in anticipatory risk and planning.FindingsPractices rooted in strategic foresight and anticipation can support institutions to incorporate long‐term thinking in planning and analysis, but their translation into development decisions and investments requires shifts in perspectives and risk appetite. Historically, strategic foresight has not been mainstreamed within international organizations and governments owing to: failing to embed anticipation into core systems and processes; giving more attention to tools and building skills than to the demand for alternative decision‐making models and to risk tolerance; relying overly on external support and static models; insufficiently attending to organizational culture and relational drivers of thinking and action.Policy implicationsWe suggest four interconnected levers to help sustain impact and equity when bringing anticipatory approaches into policy processes: ensure design elasticity to encourage local, context‐specific models of anticipatory decision‐making; build anticipatory systems as a base to understand future risks, harms, and correlating impacts; interrogate what counts as legitimate and relevant evidence for policy decisions; cultivate imagination as an act of inquiry.

Development of a stepped care intervention model of evidence-based interventions for the management of posttraumatic stress in the Belgian Police

ABSTRACT Background: Police officers are frequently exposed to a wide variety of potentially traumatic events (PTE) and are therefore at a considerable risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous research estimated the point prevalence of PTSD in Belgian police officers at 7.4%, significantly higher than in the general population. An effective organisational strategy to manage posttraumatic stress is essential. Objective: We aimed to develop a novel organisational approach regarding traumatic stress for Belgian police, combining evidence-based strategies for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress in a stepped care intervention model. Method: In a broad development process, we combined scientific literature, case studies of best practices from other police organisations with insights gathered from a number of expert panels, thematic working groups and feedback groups. Results: A comprehensive stepped care intervention model was developed, consisting of evidence-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of posttraumatic stress. Conclusions: The intervention model is a promising organisational strategy for the management of posttraumatic stress in police organisations based on evidence-based interventions. Its effectiveness will be studied in the coming years.

‘MANDIBULAR DEFECTS’- A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Mandibular defects can result from an assortment of causes, counting injury, tumors, disease, innate irregularities, and surgical resection. Understanding the classifications of these abandons is vital for treatment arranging and remaking. These classifications give an organized approach to diagnosing and arranging the treatment for mandibular absconds. Each framework has its applications and can be chosen based on the clinical situation and the needs of the patient. Mandibular defects taking after ablative surgery for dangerous tumors of the head and neck locale affect both shape and work. Procured segmental defects of the mandible are most commonly auxiliary to extirpation tumor treatment or avulsive traumatic harm. [1] Presently there is no all-around acknowledged classification framework of graphic surgical significance that exists for mandibular absconds taking after mandibular resection or planed mandibulectomy. Most of the accessible classifications are coordinated to mandibular surrenders counting hard surrenders of the mandible after surgical extraction of mandibular tumors or composite surrenders due to different etiologies. [2]

Analyzing and assessing risks for accredited inspection bodies

The legislation of the Russian Federation stipulates the necessity for accreditation within the national system that en-compasses organizations engaged by control (surveillance) bodies to accomplish inspections. Activities performed by inspection bodies have strategic importance and provide necessary support for surveillance over implementation of national development projects. It is especially relevant to provide uninterrupted functioning of accredited inspection bodies. Contemporary conditions require improvement of the existing legal and organizational approaches used by federal budgetary institutions in their activities as well as developing and implementing new ones. Statistical data on the research object of the present study and relevant mathematical models are non-existent; given that, we applied an expert approach to risk identification using the Delphi method and expert judgment. The aim of this study was to analyze and assess risks in activities performed by an accredited inspection body and suggest ways to minimize them. Two groups took part in the study. The first one included experts (18 technical directors of three inspection bodies); the second group was made of analysts. The most competent specialists in the analyzed field of activity where risks would be identified were selected as experts. Their functional duties covered responsibility for risks associated with activities of an inspection body as well as for responses to them. To obtain ideas of analyzed risks, we used a questionnaire to collect experts’ answers and to distribute them into specific categorize for further analysis. A risk level was identified by using the risk analysis diagram. Any response measures were taken relying on this level. We created a register of risk levels and responses to them. A high risk was identified in activities performed by an inspection body as regards external influence of new changes in the legislation. Reformation of the accreditation system for organizations operating in the sphere of providing sanitary-epidemiological welfare may be a potential solution to the existing problem.

Анализ и оценка рисков для аккредитованных органов инспекции

The legislation of the Russian Federation stipulates the necessity for accreditation within the national system that en-compasses organizations engaged by control (surveillance) bodies to accomplish inspections. Activities performed by inspection bodies have strategic importance and provide necessary support for surveillance over implementation of national development projects. It is especially relevant to provide uninterrupted functioning of accredited inspection bodies. Contemporary conditions require improvement of the existing legal and organizational approaches used by federal budgetary institutions in their activities as well as developing and implementing new ones. Statistical data on the research object of the present study and relevant mathematical models are non-existent; given that, we applied an expert approach to risk identification using the Delphi method and expert judgment. The aim of this study was to analyze and assess risks in activities performed by an accredited inspection body and suggest ways to minimize them. Two groups took part in the study. The first one included experts (18 technical directors of three inspection bodies); the second group was made of analysts. The most competent specialists in the analyzed field of activity where risks would be identified were selected as experts. Their functional duties covered responsibility for risks associated with activities of an inspection body as well as for responses to them. To obtain ideas of analyzed risks, we used a questionnaire to collect experts’ answers and to distribute them into specific categorize for further analysis. A risk level was identified by using the risk analysis diagram. Any response measures were taken relying on this level. We created a register of risk levels and responses to them. A high risk was identified in activities performed by an inspection body as regards external influence of new changes in the legislation. Reformation of the accreditation system for organizations operating in the sphere of providing sanitary-epidemiological welfare may be a potential solution to the existing problem.