Equation Approach Research Articles

Soil Erosion Mapping at Kampung Batu Balai, Kuala Krai, Kelantan using Geographic Information System (GIS)

Soil loss has become one of the world’s biggest and most important environmental problems. Besides, rapid development and various kinds of human activities have made significant environmental impacts due to some factors. Scientists are giving soil erosion a lot of attention, which has prompted the investigation of several approaches to solving the issue. The goal of this study is to use GIS technique to create a risk map for soil erosion. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) approach was used, which considers a number of variables including slope, vegetation cover, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, and conservation techniques. A soil erosion map with classification from low to high vulnerability is produced by combining these criteria. The Annual Soil Loss Factor (A) was obtained by raster calculation in GIS with a combination of several thematic layers to depict erosion risk zones. Land risk map in Kg. Batu Balai shows that the study area has a moderate erosion rate (37.5%). In conclusion, the data produced offers insightful information that can help detect possible hazards such as floods and alternatives to practical responses.

Demand and Equilibrium Price of Health Care: A Structural Equation Approach

Abstract In this article, we propose a new approach to estimating health-care demand. The aim of this paper is to determine the production costs of health care from the demand function of care. To do this, we used an approach based on structural equations where consumption and demand are estimated to capture the dynamics of health costs within a self-managed public hospital. Following this approach, based on the equilibrium between supply and demand of health care, we used the social and professional characteristics of beneficiary to estimate the demand function, which will approximate the cost of health care. The results showed that the demand for care is largely dependent on economic, demographic, and perception factors. Also, the back testing and corroboration tests of the predictions affirm that the functions developed will allow a better cost forecast for the hospital unit, able to propose a budgetary and partial cost approach in the future. Some limitations can be mentioned in connection with the accessibility to accounting data and also the ignorance of time dimension or dynamic evolution of cost demand.

Digital image correlation cum generalised strain field equations approach for mixed mode SIFs

Digital image correlation cum generalised strain field equations approach for mixed mode SIFs

Motion Planning of Humanoid Upper-Body Robot Using an Integration-Enhanced Differentiator-Based Method: A Time-Varying Linear Equations Approach

Motion Planning of Humanoid Upper-Body Robot Using an Integration-Enhanced Differentiator-Based Method: A Time-Varying Linear Equations Approach

Theoretical and kinetic study of the thermal decomposition mechanism of long chain aldehydes

The mechanism of decomposition of the butanal and pentanal long chain aldehydes was investigated using the ab initio transition state theory-based master equation approach. The rate constants of the homolytic bond scission reactions of butanal and pentanol leading to the formation of CHO+C3H7, CH2CHO+C2H5, C2H4CHO+CH3, C3H7CO+H, C2H5ĊHCHO+H and CH2CHO+C3H7, C2H4CHO+C2H5, C3H6CHO+CH3, C4H9CO+H, C3H7ĊHCHO+H, respectively, as well as of the reverse barrierless recombination channels, were determined using Variable Reaction Coordinate Transition State Theory. The potential energy surfaces were determined at the multireference CASPT2/aug-cc-pVTZ level on ωB97X-D/jun-cc-pVTZ structures, while stochastic samplings were performed at the CASPT2 level using a (4e,4o) active space. Rate laws for the alkyl+R-CHO, H+R-ĊHCHO, and H+R-ĊO classes of reactions were then determined. Rate constants of H-abstraction reactions and of the three body butanal →CO+H2+C3H6 channel were determined using ωB97X-D/jun-cc-pVTZ structures and Hessians and CCSD(T) energies, extrapolated to the complete basis set. It was found that the calculated homolytic bond scission reactions are faster by a factor of 2–3 with respect to literature previous estimates. The calculated reaction rates were inserted in the CRECK kinetic scheme and used to simulate literature speciation data of butanal and pentanal pyrolysis in shock tubes and ignition delay times, finding that their inclusion into the kinetic scheme enhances the predictive capabilities of the mechanism. The aldehyde decomposition mechanism and the rate constants determined in this study are suitable to be used to interpret and predict the reactivity of aldehydes in a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

Ion imaging of spatially inhomogeneous nanoplasmas in NaCl particles.

Studying photoemission from free, unsupported aerosol particles is a powerful method for gaining insight into light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. We used single-shot velocity map imaging to experimentally measure kinetic energy and angular distributions of ions emitted following interaction of sub-micrometer NaCl particles with femtosecond pulses of near infrared (NIR, 800 nm) and ultraviolet (UV, 266 nm) light. We combined this with time-dependent simulations of light propagation through the particles and a rate equation approach to computationally address the origin of the observed ion emission. For both NIR and UV pulses, ion emission is caused by the formation of an under-dense nanoplasma with similar densities, although using an order of magnitude weaker UV intensities. Such conditions result in remarkably similar ion fragments with similar kinetic energies, and no obvious influence of the plasma formation mechanism (photoionization or collisional ionization). Our data suggests that Coulomb explosion does not play a significant role for ion emission, and we discuss alternative mechanisms that can lead to material ablation from under-dense nanoplasma. Finally, we show how finite size effects play an important role in photoemission through generation of spatially inhomogeneous nanoplasmas, which result in asymmetric ion emission that depends on particle size and laser wavelength. By utilizing the single-particle information available from our experiments, we show how finite size effects and inhomogeneous nanoplasma formation can be exploited to retrieve the size and orientation of individual submicrometer aerosol particles.

Reforms and political instability in attracting foreign direct investment: a simultaneous equations approach

Reforms and political instability in attracting foreign direct investment: a simultaneous equations approach

Modeling the Relationship Between Market Orientation, Learning Orientation, and Performance of Moroccan SMEs: A Structural Equation Approach

In the field of entrepreneurship, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are highly regarded due to their substantial contributions to growth, development, and innovation. In Morocco, SMEs constitute nearly 97% of the country’s production sector, span various industries, generate 38% of national wealth74% of the workforce, as per the 2021 report from the Moroccan SME Observatory. However, in the face of international trade liberalization, these businesses face intense domestic market competition, impacting their competitiveness and performance. This study explores the significance of ‘market orientation’ and ‘organizational learning orientation’ as crucial managerial practices, enabling SMEs to gain competitive advantages, market differentiation, and higher performance. Utilizing the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, the research investigates how learning orientation transforms market practices into improved organizational performance. The study distributed a questionnaire to 113 Moroccan SME managers and applied the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method to test hypotheses. The results indicate a positive impact of market orientation on Moroccan SME performance. Additionally, the study uncovers a partial mediating effect of organizational learning orientation in this relationship. These findings suggest that enhancing organizational learning orientation can amplify the benefits of market orientation for Moroccan SMEs, providing valuable insights for strategic decisions aimed at enhancing overall performance.

Reaction pathways leading to HPALD intermediates in the OH-initiated oxidation of isoprene.

In this study, we revisited the mechanism of isoprene oxidation by OH radicals, focusing on the formation of hydroperoxyaldehydes (HPALDs) in the reactions following O2-addition at the α-position to Z,Z'-OH-allyl radical products of the 1,6-H shift of the 1st-generation Z-δ-OH-isoprenylperoxy radicals. Utilizing high-level ab initio quantum chemical calculations and a master equation approach, we provide theoretical confirmation that the formation of δ-HPALDs dominates by far and show that production of β-HPALDs by the mechanism proposed by Wennberg et al. (Chem. Rev., 2018, 118, 3337-3390) is negligible. Besides the dominance of the δ-HPALD formation channel, our investigation also reveals a novel though minor reaction channel resulting in the formation of an allylic δ-hydroperoxy acid and OH radical. Of primary importance for the assessment of the respective channels is the identification of a chemically activated mechanism driving the δ-HPALD formation process under atmospheric conditions. Different from traditional thermally activated pathways, we found that the rovibrationally hot peroxy radicals resulting from O2 addition to Z,Z'-OH-allyl radicals undergo prompt rearrangement and decomposition at a rate faster than their collisional relaxation, predominantly yielding δ-HPALDs in a chemically activated manner with high efficiency under atmospheric conditions.

A boundary integral equations approach to electrical impedance tomography: Experiments on the KTC2023 data

A boundary integral equations approach to electrical impedance tomography: Experiments on the KTC2023 data

Modeling Customer Satisfaction in the Food Industry: Insights from a Structural Equation Approach.

This study aims to understand what actions should be taken to improve consumer satisfaction. The methodology adopted was an explanatory quantitative approach using structural equations via variance (PLS-SEM). The study began with validating the data collection instrument by franchisees of the chain and applying a questionnaire adapted to a group of consumers. The dimensions evaluated included Safety, Tangibility, Credibility, Responsiveness, and Empathy, with questions organized into nine dimensions. The total sample of respondents was 149. The results indicated that the quality of service is a crucial determinant of customer satisfaction, explaining 36.14% of the variation in satisfaction. Service quality plays a crucial role in customer satisfaction, highlighting the importance of restaurant owners and managers prioritizing the fundamental dimensions of service quality, particularly responsiveness and reliability, as well as service recovery strategies. Another significant factor was customers’ perception of a reasonable price, which acts as a variable to enhance the impact of quality (i.e., quality of food, service, and physical environment) on their overall satisfaction.

UV- Spectrophotometric technique- based method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of Ciprofloxacin HCl and Quercetin in bulk powder

Antibiotic resistance is increasing worldwide, especially among ocular pathogens and one of the major reasons for this severity is the formation of biofilm which causes antibacterial specialists like Ciprofloxacin HCl to be ineffective, but combining it with substances that inhibit quorum sensing, a process that leads towards the development of biofilm, such as Quercetin, in a single formulation is an effective way to treat these infections. Aiming to develop and approve a new analytical method for the simultaneous evaluation of ciprofloxacin HCl and quercetin in their mass powder, the current examination is expected to accomplish this. Two strategies—the simultaneous equation approach (I) and the absorbance ratio method (II)—were created and validated in accordance with ICH guidelines for specificity, selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. Quercetin's and Ciprofloxacin HCl's absorbance maxima (λmax) were determined to be at 327 nm and 271 nm, respectively, with coefficient correlation values of 0.999 and 0.997. Their isosbestic point was noticed at a maximum wavelength of 283 nm. Both Ciprofloxacin HCl and Quercetin demonstrated linearity in the focus range from 1 µg/ml to 10 µg/ml when absorbances were measured at any of the aforementioned levels. It was discovered that the developed processes were exact and precise with less than 2% relative standard deviation (%RSD). %Recovery studies were found to be 98.62-101.15% for Ciprofloxacin HCl at 271nm, 99.34-100.94% for Quercetin at 327nm, 99.63-104.62%, and 101.23-102.64% for Ciprofloxacin HCl and Quercetin respectively at their isosbestic point. Because it was discovered to be simple, rapid, specific, selective, linear, exact, and based on absorptivity measurements, the established UV Spectrophotometric technique can be used for in vitro depiction and contemporaneous assessment of Ciprofloxacin HCl and Quercetin.

Pricing Vulnerable Options in Fractional Brownian Markets: a Partial Differential Equations Approach

Pricing Vulnerable Options in Fractional Brownian Markets: a Partial Differential Equations Approach

Estimasi Kapasitas Daya Tampung Landfill dan Umur Pakai TPA Gili Trawangan

This research aims to calculate the estimated landfill capacity and the remaining operational life of the landfill on Gili Trawangan. The condition of the pile of rubbish in the landfill area, which is becoming increasingly mountainous day by day without any compaction and stockpiling process, has resulted in the operational lifespan being reduced over time. Limited land on small islands such as Gili Trawangan is a significant obstacle that must be considered with more intensive waste reduction efforts and integrated waste management. By knowing the remaining operational life based on the projected waste volume for the next 20 years and also the height of the waste pile at the Gili Trawangan TPA, it is hoped that it will be an early warning, especially for the Regional Government, the local community of Gili Trawangan and stakeholders related to waste management to take quick steps in managing the waste pile. The method used in this research is a descriptive, evaluative method starting with a geometric equation approach to calculate projections of waste generation, the carrying capacity of the landfill on Gili Trawangan and estimates of the remaining operational life. The results of this research are that the remaining operational life of the landfill is 3 years. It represents an alarming condition because it will contribute to the increasing vulnerability of small islands, especially Gili Trawangan, especially the decline in environmental conditions.

INFLUENCE OF COGNITION AND FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS ON HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES

Abstract Background Older adults frequently seek emergency department care, with 45 visits for every 100 older adults. Many health events in later stages of life can be attributed to health conditions and behaviors during middle-age. Yet, while qualitative and quantitative analyses exist, documenting the reasons for emergency department visits among all comers, no study focuses specifically on the determinants of hospitalization among middle-aged and older adults using the emergency department. Additionally, the impact on longer-term outcomes starting in mid-life remains unknown. Objectives To determine whether impaired cognition, functional limitations, and multimorbidity in midlife predict subsequent hospitalizations in older age among older adults in the United States using core gerontology concepts such as functional limitations, multimorbidity, and cognitive impairment. Methods We performed secondary analysis of 2,221 participants from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Series, a longitudinal study involving US adults aged 45 to 75 years using a balanced Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE) approach. Covariates such as as gender, education, marital status, income, race/ethnicity, social stressors, and social connectedness were adjusted for. Results Findings suggests that impaired cognition (p< 0.05), having two or more health conditions (p< 0.001) and functional limitations (p< 0.05) in midlife increases the number of hospitalizations in old age a decade later. Conclusions and Implications Health behaviors and conditions in midlife can significantly impact the number of hospitalizations among older adults and increase costs associated with hospitalizations. The promotion of preventive care, targeted interventions, and the adoption of healthier lifestyle habits in midlife may reduce hospital admissions in old age.

Financial Literacy of Workers in the Tourism Industry in Mexico in 2023: a Structural Equations Approach

This paper attempts to examine the level of financial knowledge of workers in the tourism industry in Mexico through the Structural Equations Methodology (SEM). The type of sampling is non-probabilistic by self-determination. A questionnaire is applied to 500 workers, in 2023, from Mexican companies in the tourism sector considering the following 7 issues: investment, savings, credit, insurance, pensions, expenses and budgets. The SEM allows bring to light the financial knowledge that the surveyed workers have about these issues. Based on a factor structure obtained from the confirmatory analysis, which presents good goodness of fit, structural adjustment, and parsimony, the main findings are: 1) in terms of credit, workers give importance to the requirements requested by financial institutions and consider that they are easy to interpret and comply with, 2) in terms of retirement fund accounts, workers feel confident in institutions that manage their retirement savings and are clear about commissions, 3) in terms of savings, workers perceive that bank accounts have been adapted to their needs since banks have become very flexible in terms of requirements for opening and initial amounts with clear and complete account information, 4) in terms of investment, workers hardly acquire bank promissory notes, and 5) regarding life insurance, workers express the ease that exists to contract insurance, although the cost is limited. The results obtained have practical implications for the tourism sector to continue promoting the habit of saving and the use of financial services and products to which the worker can have access, since this financial knowledge translates into more organized employees in their financial affairs.

Capturing natural position relationships: A neural differential equation approach

The Transformer has emerged as the predominant model in Natural Language Processing due to its exceptional performance in various sequence modeling tasks, particularly in handling long-term dependencies. However, the traditional absolute and relative position encoding methods, which do not learn from data, tend to ignore the inherent structure of natural language sequences due to the position embedding layer at the input end of the Transformer model. This paper introduces a novel learnable neural Ordinary Differential Equation Position Encoding (ODEPE) method that can implicitly capture the natural position relationships within a sequence without requiring additional position embeddings. ODEPE can model continuous sequences and leverage differential equations to simulate the evolution of position information along the sequence, enabling position information to flow seamlessly between sequences. Additionally, a highly effective recurrent attention framework is proposed, which hybridizes attention with the ODEPE method to improve model performance. Compared to the Transformer-based sequence modeling network, our framework demonstrates a performance improvement of 24.0 points on the WikiText-103 dataset, while also achieving a performance improvement of 1.06 points on the Enwik8 dataset. This corresponds to an improvement of 4.9% and 0.17%, respectively.

An intuitionistic fuzzy differential equation approach for the lake water and sediment phosphorus model

Intuitionistic fuzzy sets cannot consider the degree of indeterminacy (i.e., the degree of hesitation). This study presents an intuitionistic fuzzy differential equation approach for the lake water and sediment phosphorus model. We examine the proposed model by assuming generalized trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers for the initial condition. Feasible equilibrium points, along with their stability criteria, are evaluated. We describe the characteristics of intuitionistic fuzzy solutions and clarify the difference between strong and weak intuitionistic fuzzy solutions. Numerical simulations are performed in MATLAB to validate the model results.

Effectiveness of a One-fifth Hybrid Block Approach for Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations

Effectiveness of a One-fifth Hybrid Block Approach for Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations

Pricing a resettable convertible bond based on decomposition method and PDE models

In this paper, a partial differential equation approach based on the underlying stock price path decomposition is developed to price an American-style resettable convertible bond. The American-style resettable convertible bond is viewed as a mixture of three simple securities, which can be used to replicate the feature of payoffs of the resettable convertible bond completely. The partial differential equations under the Black–Scholes framework are established to price these simple securities. An implicit Euler method is used to discretize the first-order time derivative while a central finite difference method on a piecewise uniform mesh is used to discretize the spatial derivatives. The error estimates are developed by using the maximum principle in two mesh sets both for the time semi-discretization scheme and the spatial discretization scheme, respectively. It is proved that the scheme is first-order convergent for the time variable and second-order convergent for the spatial variable. Numerical experiments support these theoretical results.