Appreciation Of Ethics Research Articles

ABC AO TCC: PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO E SEUS IMPACTOS SOBRE UNIVERSITÁRIOS ORIUNDOS DE ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS

This qualitative research aimed to understand if there are reading and writing difficulties in the academic environment on the part of students coming from public schools as a result of the literacy process in childhood. Research sample were 13 students from Ceará’s Federal University/ Sobral Campus Psychology Undergraduate Program. Participant’s reports were collected and analyzed using semi-structured interviews technique and Thematic Analysis method. Research results point that academic language presented in the undergraduate program, as well as the basic schooling process, marked by a teaching gap, are factors related to reading and writing difficulties encountered by students in higher education. The research began after approval by the Research Ethics Committee (UEVA), attested by the Certificate for Presentation of Ethical Appreciation (CAAE) 40106320.4.0000.5053 and technical note 4.504,740.

DIAGNOSIS PENGERTIAN ETIKA DAN PERADABAN: SUATU SOROTAN

Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization (PEP) has been introduced as one of the General Subjects (MPU) by the Higher Education Department of Malaysia instead of the Ethnic Relations course. The PEP course has a comprehensive curriculum content that includes nine topics, and it is tied to the elements of ethics and civilization. Thus, the main objective of this paper is focused on topic 1, Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization in the Malaysian Pattern by focusing on the understanding and concept of ethics and civilization. Understandings and concepts need to be clarified as they are the most important part of understanding the entire course. The concepts of ethics and civilization need to be seen not only in terms of understanding, but need to be explained from various perspectives that are in line with the goals to be achieved from the PEP course. Since this writing is a concept paper, the writing method is qualitative based on library research. This study uses secondary sources such as research results in journals, scientific writing and historical sources. The results of the study found that the concept of ethics and civilization for the PEP course needs to be seen in the context of the civilization of the Malay World and the malay as a native people. Knowledge of the country's history is also necessary to understand the concept, and it can help students to better understand the curriculum content of the PEP course.

Cosmovisão andina: princípios éticos em povos aculturados, endoculturados e transculturalizados

Abstract The political changes that have taken place in Bolivia in the last fifty years have led to modifications in the participation of subalternized groups and changes in the ethical appreciation of life. This study aims to establish the bioethical behaviors of the Andean cosmovision in acculturated, endoculturated and transculturated people in La Paz, Bolivia. It is a mixed, exploratory, ethnographic, cross-sectional, comparative, synchronic, diachronic and systematic research, in which a questionnaire validated by experts (Cronbach’s alpha 0.932) was applied to 399 people (5.3% acculturated; 73.9%, endoculturated and 20.8%, transculturated). The results contrasted by hermeneutics obtained five categories, of which the category relationality was independent of acculturation (p=0.262); while the categories ecological awareness, complementarity, reciprocity, concept of health, social model and community depended on each other (p=0.000). It was found that the acculturated subjects from the rural area presented greater knowledge of ancestral ethics. The promotion of educational policies related to ethics is recommended.

Fasciola hepatica extract suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro and alleviates experimental arthritis

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by synovial inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) activation and joint destruction. Fasciola hepatica is a platyhelminth that releases excretory-secretory immunomodulatory products capable of suppressing the Th1 immune response. Despite the effectiveness of available treatments for inducing disease remission, current options are not successful in all patients and may cause side effects. Thus, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of F. hepatica extract on FLS from RA patients and arthritis models.MethodsFLS were isolated from synovial fluid of RA patients, cultured, and exposed to F. hepatica extract (60, 80, and 100 µg/ml) for different time points to assess cell viability, adherence, migration and invasion. For in vivo experiments, mice with antigen (AIA) and collagen (CIA) induced arthritis received a 200 µg/dose of F. hepatica extract daily. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Student's t-test using GraphPad Prism 6.0.ResultsIn vitro assays showed that extract decreased FLS cell viability at concentration of 100 µg/ml (83.8% ± 5.0 extract vs. 100.0% ± 0.0 control; p < 0.05), adherence in 20% (92.0 cells ± 5.8 extract vs. 116.3 cells ± 7.9 control; p < 0.05), migratory potential (69.5% ± 17.6 extract vs. 100.0% control; p < 0.05), and cell invasiveness potential through the matrigel (76.0% ± 8.4 extract vs. 100.0% control; p < 0.01). The extract reduced leukocyte migration by 56% (40 × 104 leukocytes/knee ± 19.00) compared to control (90.90 × 104 leukocytes/knee ± 12.90) (p < 0.01) and nociception (6.37 g ± 0.99 extract vs. 3.81 g ± 1.44 control; p < 0.001) in AIA and delayed clinical onset of CIA (11.75 ± 2.96 extract vs. 14.00 ± 2.56 control; p = 0.126).ConclusionOur results point out a potential immunomodulatory effect of F. hepatica extract in RA models. Therefore, the characterization of promising new immunomodulatory molecules should be pursued, as they can promote the development of new therapies.Trial registration Collection of synovial liquid and in vitro procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee with Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation in Plataforma Brasil (CAAE: 89044918.8.0000.5327; date of registration: 26/07/2018).

Effectiveness of Learning and Teaching the Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization Course from the Perspective of the Educators and Students in the University of Malaysia Kelantan (UMK)

The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) has introduced several courses classified as a General Subject [Mata Pelajaran Umum](MPU) to instil essential skills among Malaysian students. The Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization [Penghayatan Etika dan Peradaban], also known as PEP, was introduced in 2019. The course aims to educate students on the concept of good ethics in daily life and to help them appreciate the variety possible in society among Malaysians. However, there are some issues related to the PEP content which needs further review. This study tries to identify the elements that contribute to the effectiveness of the course, focusing on the content of the course from the university student and educators’ perspectives. The study used a combined quantitative and qualitative method involving 1,837 bachelor’s degree Malaysian students. For the qualitative study, a focus group discussion was conducted involving eight educators. For the respondents who were students, four groups who had learnt about the course were selected to participate. The study reveals that the PEP course is less effective compared to the Philosophy and Current Issues [Falsafah dan Isu Semasa] FIS course. It also shows that the redundant and vague sub-topics should be omitted so then the course can be precise. This shows that it is necessary to revise the content of the PEP course to ensure that the learning objective will be better digested by the university students. This study is significant in terms of analysing the quality of the learning content so then essential skills can be developed, particularly among university learners.

What does it mean for a corporation to take responsibility for its supply chain?

PurposeThrough the lens of ethical appreciation, this paper aims to discuss what it means for a company to claim taking responsibility for its supply chain and whether this is a reasonable demand to make by corporations.Design/methodology/approachThe place of ethics in economic and legislation is not selfevident. The intersection of ethics and economics through the topic of supply chains is approached by breaking down, respectively, the integral features of supply chains and the ethical considerations in compliance regulations.FindingsThe transnational nature of global supply chains, the depth of manufacturing tiers and the power asymmetries between buyer and seller are some of the fundamental sticking points in dissecting corporate social responsibility.Originality/valueThis paper uses a unique parallel perspective of the broad ethical concerns, which have developed under the umbrella term of responsibility, as well as the finer ethical details which are integral to supply chains as international structures of dependency.

Giant cell tumor of bone: Epidemiological profile (fifth version) – A study protocol

The giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) represents approximately 5% of primary bone tumors, and more than half of cases affect individuals between 20 and 50 years of age. Despite being a benign neoplasm, 3 to 5% of cases may show pulmonary metastases, besides it has high potential for bone destruction at the main site of the lesion, often in the epiphyses of long bones, which may lead to serious functional problems in affected patients. Multidisciplinary treatment of GCTB has been a cause for discussion in the last decade due to the discovery of drugs such as denosumab that prevent tumor progression and may be useful in cases of patients with local recurrences and unresectable tumors. The therapeutic basis of GCTB remains the isolated surgical treatment by intralesional (with adjuvants), marginal or wide resection. Intralesional treatment presents higher rates of recurrence, however it preserves the adjacent joint function and much of the individual bone stock. Resection with wide margins presents lower recurrence rates but has shown worse functional results and frequent complications in bone reconstructions. Current knowledge of GCTB surgical outcomes has been based on major world series - there is a lack of Brazilian epidemiological and surgical data on this specific type of neoplasm, except for a few series of cases. The primary objective of this paper is to identify the epidemiological profile of GCTB; the secondary objectives are to describe the surgical aspects in the main diagnostic centers and treatment of bone tumors, to analyze the clinical and surgical aspects of patients with GCTB of wrist and hand, and to analyze the clinical and surgical aspects of patients with knee GCTB. These findings may help in the maintenance or change of national guidelines for the treatment of GCTB. This study protocol was submitted to ethical assessment under the CAAE (Ethical Appreciation Presentation Certificate) registry No. 94280918.0.0000.5327 (5th version), evaluated through the substantiated opinion No. 4.770.705, and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee on June 12, 2022.

Students Perception of Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization Course at Universiti Teknologi Mara, Penang Branch

Students Perception of Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization Course at Universiti Teknologi Mara, Penang Branch

Quality of life and associated factors on employees of a public university working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction:The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 imposed restrictions to movement, generating new work dynamics especially in the education sector, where remote working has become the rule. The overlapping of work-related and domestic tasks and the fear of the virus generated an additional burden to workers, with unknown effects on their quality of life.Objectives:To estimate the quality of life of employees of the education sector who were working remotely during the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and identify associated factors.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study performed with a sample of 317 government employees of a federal university between August 25 2020 and September 11 2020. Standardized questionnaires concerning sociodemographic and economic aspects were constructed using the Google Forms tool. The European Health Interview Survey - Quality of Life 8-item index was used to assess quality of life. Multiple linear regression was used to check for associations between variables using quality of life scores as outcome (alpha value of 5%). This research proposal was approved by the National Research Ethics Commission, with a Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appreciation No. 33636220.1.0000.0056.Results:The European Health Interview Survey - Quality of Life 8-item index resulted in mean adjusted scores of 3.5 ± 1.9. Quality of life was independently associated with age (β = 0.01, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.02, p = 0.015), physical activity (β = 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.00 to 0.38, p = 0.049), smoking habits (β = 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.88, p = 0.002), having a dedicated workspace (β = 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.26, p = 0.023), performing housework (β =-0.20, 95% confidence interval-0.32 to-0.08, p < 0.001), financial difficulties (β =-0.26, 95% confidence interval-0.40 to-0.12, p < 0.001), and the impact of social distancing at work (β =-0.33, 95% confidence interval-0.47 to-0.19, p < 0.001).Conclusions:The level of quality of life within the sample was reasonable; it was higher among older participants who were physically active and did not smoke, and lower when the socioeconomic situation was unfavorable. This highlights the importance of constructing support strategies while the effects of the pandemic linger.

ESTÁGIOS SUPERVISIONADOS DE ENFERMAGEM E A DIMENSÃO HUMANA DA FORMAÇÃO NA CONCEPÇÃO DOS DOCENTES

Nursing education is a dynamic process that is constantly changing. Currently, we want the profile of a professional who not only has technical-scientific skills, but also adopts a critical-reflexive and humanistic approach based on ethics. O aprender a cuidar em Enfermagem perpassa por questoes que vao alem do saber teorico, exigindo outras formas de agir, no que tange a formacao e pratica apoiadas na humanizacao. This study aimed to understand the senses of humanization in the teacher-student relationship during the supervised internships in Tertiary Health Care services of a graduation. Nursing course in the interior of Pernambuco. This study aimed to understand the senses of humanization in the teacherstudent relationship during the supervised internships in Tertiary Health Care services of a graduation. Nursing course in the interior of Pernambuco. And as specific objectives: To investigate what is the perception about human relationship between teacher and student during supervised internships; identify how the relationship between teachers and students is developed during such activities and; To analyze how this relationship can affect and or impact on the development and performance of pairs. We emphasize that the study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, with the Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appreciation (CAEE) of n. 05009218.4.0000.5208. The research in question was characterized by a qualitative approach, of an exploratory nature and to obtain the data, we conducted semistructured and audio-recorded interviews, from March to May 2019, with seven supervising professors from a Private Higher Education Institution in Agreste de Pernambuco, who fallowed the Supervised Internships in the Tertiary Care to Health. Data analysis took place from the perspective of Bardin and the obtained results showed that both teachers and students understood and recognized that a humanized relationship, in the context of supervised internships, is based on respect for beliefs, values and principles, aiming at the comprehensiveness of the human being. Besides, the studies show us that the type of relationship established between this binomial can impact in various ways on the development of its activities. This research made it possible to identify and understand the meanings of humanization in the teacher-student relationship during the exercise of Supervised Internship, through a practice based on the integrality of being. Keywords: Human Formation. Nursing. Humanization. Education. Supervised Internship.

Ultrasonographic and resistance index evaluation of nails in psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and control groups: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundNail psoriasis occurs frequently in patients with psoriatic disease, it can lead to functional impairment, pain, discomfort, decreased quality of life and can also be a predictor for the development of arthritis. Early recognition of this condition can provide early and effective treatment and prevent structural impairment. This study aims to identify nail ultrasonographic characteristics in three groups: psoriasis (PsO), psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and controls patients, to determine if the ultrasonography (US) can identify early signs of nail psoriatic impairment or local inflammation. We conducted nail US to determine nail matrix resistance index (NMRI), nail bed resistance index (NBRI), and power Doppler (PD) and grayscale (GS) parameters in these 3 groups.MethodsSingle-center, cross-sectional study. GS, PD, and spectral doppler images of bilateral 2nd and 3rd fingernails were acquired from 35 PsO, 31 PsA, and 35 controls patients. An US equipment with an 18 MHz linear transducer for GS and 8.0 MHz for PD was used. PD, NMRI, NBRI, nail plate thickness (NPT), nail bed thickness (NBT), nail matrix thickness (NMT), and morphostructural characteristics of the trilaminar structure (TS) were evaluated in saved images, blind.ResultsMean NMRI and NBRI did not differ between groups. Linear regression analysis detected no relationships between PsO or PsA and NMRI or NBRI. Nail PD grade did not differ between groups. Type I and IV TS changes were more frequent in PsO; types II and III changes were more frequent in PsA (p < 0.001). NPT was greater in PsA and PsO groups than controls: PsA 0.73 ± 0.14 mm, PsO 0.72 ± 0.15 mm, Controls 0.67 ± 0.10 mm (p = 0.001).ConclusionEchographic TS characteristics of the nail plate and NPT evaluated by GS are useful and can distinguish PsO and PsA nails from controls. NMRI, NBRI, and US nail microcirculation parameters could not distinguish psoriatic nails.Trial registration72762317.4.0000.5327 (Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation – CAAE - Plataforma Brasil) Avaiable in https://plataformabrasil.saude.gov.br/login.jsf.

REKAYASA DAKWAH KBAT DALAM KALANGAN MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH MENERUSI KURSUS PENGHAYATAN ETIKA DAN PERADABAN

Da'wah is an effort in improving behavior from a poor condition to a better situation. The implementation of the da'wah should be based on the condition and comfort of the da'wah target group. The approach of da'wah differs from one group to another, including the students. The implementation of High-Level Thinking Skills (KBAT) is also required in implementing da'wah among students because this group has a high level of thinking. This study aims to look at the engineering of da'wah among students at University Malaysia Sabah through the university's general course, The Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization (PEDP) from the point of acceptance of da'wah and their comfort in receiving feedback and advice. This study used the questionnaire method conducted through google form to students who have taken the Ethics and Civilization Appreciation course (PEDP) in the last semester. The study found that most students strongly agreed with the approach and engineering of da'wah applied by lecturers in the Ethics and Civilization Appreciation course. Teaching and Learning (PdP) that is infused with elements of da'wah enables students to receive knowledge easily and relax and leave a positive impact in their lives. This study is expected to be a benchmark in the implementation of da'wah in the current era of globalization, especially in the engineering of da'wah towards students.

EVOLUSI KURSUS TERAS UNIVERSITI: DARI SEJARAH PEMBENTUKAN BANGSA MALAYSIA KE PENGHAYATAN ETIKA DAN PERADABAN

University core courses are the foundation courses prescribed by the university. Students are required to take and must pass this course. At the Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), one of the university's core courses in the History of the Nation Building of Malaysia, a course that was introduced in parallel with the establishment of UMS in 1994. This course is being offered by the Centre for the Promotion of Knowledge and Language Learning (CPKLL) for undergraduate students in UMS. In 2004, this course renamed the History of the Nation Building of Malaysia and later replaced by a newly introduced course namely Ethnic Relations in 2008. Subsequently, this core course has renamed the Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization in 2020. This paper discusses the evolution of the core courses by focusing on the synopsis, objectives, and content of these three courses, as well as the teaching and learning methods. The discussion is largely a descriptive narrative and descriptive-analytical based on the analysis of primary and secondary texts, as well as the experience and observations of the author in conducting the core course. Thus, the study found that the university's core courses are dynamic and flexible, as well as in line with current needs and requirements in an effort to meet the components of Malaysian nationhood.

KEBERKESANAN PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN DALAM TALIAN BAGI KURSUS PENGHAYATAN ETIKA DAN PERADABAN (PEdP): KAJIAN KES DI KALANGAN PELAJAR PRASISWAZAH DI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SABAH

The Appreciation of Ethics and Civilization (PEdP) is a compulsory university course introduced in 2020 for the Institution of Higher Learning (IHL) in replacement of Ethnic Relations. As a new compulsory university course, among its objectives is to ensure the students appreciate the ethics and civilization that appears in the multi-ethnic society of Malaysia. Accordingly, High Impact Education Practices (HEPs) have been practiced in Teaching and Learning activities to improve the students’ critical and analytical thinking in dealing with challenges both at present and in the future. This paper presents a discussion on the effectiveness of online teaching and learning of PEdP in accordance with the new norm. To do so, a study was conducted among the undergraduate students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The matters examined include the objectives, curriculum, and methods of teaching and learning. The study shows that the fundamental aims and objectives of this course were achieved despite being thought entirely online but it is expected that both goals and objectives can be highly achieved vita the application of traditional teaching and learning method of face to face teaching and learning activities.

Serum Vitamin D Levels of Patients Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Objective: To assess serum vitamin D levels in patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus followed up at an Escola Hospital in Recife-Pernambuco. Material and Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out between the months of May and December 2018. The population was composed of patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had the serum vitamin D levels measured in the last year. The reference values ​​for sufficiency of this vitamin were considered adequate when they were equal to or greater than 30 ng / mL, as suggested by the Brazilian Medical Societies. For statistical analysis, data were entered into the Microsoft Office Excel program. The research project was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee, obtaining a Presentation Certificate for Ethical Appreciation, number: 76950417.9.0000.52.01. Results: The sample consisted of 64 patients, with an average age of 40.0 ± 10.3 years, with only 4.7% of the population formed by the elderly. Regarding clinical and treatment characteristics, the most prevalent route of transmission was sexual (84.4%), with an infection diagnosis time greater than five years (68.3%). Regarding serum vitamin D levels, insufficiency was found in 35.9% of participants. Conclusion: With the present study, it was possible to verify that there is an expressive percentage of patients with vitamin D deficiency, emphasizing the importance of periodic dosage of serum levels of this vitamin, due to the physiological changes characteristic of the disease itself and types of drugs used in therapy.

Burden of Disease of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Brazil before and during the Zika virus epidemic 2014-2016.

To estimate the burden of disease of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in Brazil in 2014, 1year before the Zika virus epidemic, and in 2015 and 2016 during the epidemic. The burden of disease of GBS was estimated using the summary measure of population health: Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY), that combines both mortality (Years of Life Lost YLLs) and morbidity (Years Lived with Disability) components. The study population was composed of GBS hospitalised cases and deaths from the information systems of the Brazilian Unified Health System. The GBS incidence rate in 2014, 2015 and 2016 was 0.74, 0.96, 1.02/100000 respectively, and the mortality rate in the same period was 0.08, 0.009 and 0.11/100000 habitants. The DALYs calculated using the point estimate of GBS disability weight and its values of the confidence interval (0.198 and 0.414) were 5725.90 (5711.79-5742.89) in 2014, 6054.61 (6035.57-6077.54) in 2015 and 7588.49 (7570.20-7610.51) in 2016. The DALYs were high among the male population and in age groups between 20 and 50years. The increase in DALYs in the years 2015 and 2016 compared to 2014 probably resulted from the introduction of ZIKV in Brazil, reinforcing the importance of investments in the prevention of ZIKV infection and in the care of GBS patients.

An ethical engagement: creative practice research, the academy and professional codes of conduct

This paper reports on the experiences of creative practice graduate researchers and academic staff as they seek to comply with the requirements of the Australian National Statement on the Ethical Conduct of Research Involving Humans. The research was conducted over a two-year period (2015 to 2017) as part of a wider project ‘iDARE – Developing New Approaches to Ethics and Research Integrity Training through Challenges Presented by Creative Practice Research’. The research identified the appreciation of ethics that the participants acquired through their experience of institutional research ethics procedures at their university. It also revealed a disjunction between the concepts of ethics acquired through meeting institutional research ethics requirements, the notion of ethics that many researchers adopt in their own professional creative practice and the contents of professional codes of conduct. A key finding of the research was that to prepare creative practice graduates for ethical decision-making in their professional lives, research ethics training in universities should be broadened to encompass a variety of contexts and enable researchers to develop skills in ethical know-how.

Surrogate endpoints: when to use and when not to use? A critical appraisal of current evidences.

Clinical research needs to formulate a question, which must be answered by obeying ethical precepts with well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria and approval of the study on platforms of ethical appreciation and clinical trial records. In comparing the results or clinically relevant outcomes should be prioritized in the study of techniques, products, inputs, drugs and therapies. However, it is not always possible to use long study drawings, with many participants, and with many costs, then look for study designs with surrogate outcomes, usually a shorter path, with less sample size and considerably lower costs to the research, with shorter intervention time. Considering these outcomes as major challenges in clinical research, the premise of this work was to examine in relevant research platforms, studies on the feasibility of using surrogate endpoints for clinically relevant parameters in dentistry, with a critical evaluation of the advantages, disadvantages, and need for validation of substitute parameters for clinical studies. After a critical analysis of the results, it could be concluded that surrogate endpoints may have an important role in the initial process of developing new drugs, faster, with less sampling, and lower risk of side effects for the patient. Careful use of the surrogate endpoints is advised because, even if validated, they can provide ambiguous evidence and not be extrapolated to other populations, and may lead to bias due to the individual interpretation of each researcher. The use of unplanned surrogate outcomes that arise during the study requires a lot of caution.

Enfrentamento do cyberbullying nas escolas inspirado nos princípios e metodologias da Pedagogia Social

O artigo visa compreender as dimensões da violência virtual no fenômeno do cyberbullying, tema de tese concluída do Doutorado em Educação no programa de pós-graduação da Universidade Católica de Brasília. Entre os problemas pesquisados, verificou-se o papel do professor na lida diária com estudantes que sofrem e/ou praticam a violência virtual nas escolas de Palmas/TO, em mensagens ofensivas de textos, vídeos e áudios e o descumprimento da Lei n. 13.185/2015, em vigor no Brasil desde junho de 2016. O interacionismo simbólico e o funcionalismo foram os modelos teóricos utilizados, nas perspectivas de autores como Becker (2008), na obra Outsiders, e Goffman (2013), em Estigma, para a análise dos dados gerados. A metodologia foi lastreada na pesquisa qualitativa, o que permitiu a flexibilização das técnicas de entrada em campo com aplicação de entrevistas, observação indireta e análise documental. Os documentos da pesquisa foram submetidos à Plataforma Brasil, em 07/04/2017, tendo sido emitido Certificado para Apresentação de Apreciação Ética (CAAE) n°. 69064317.0.0000.0029, aprovado em 17 de julho de 2017 pelo Comitê de Ética (CE) da UCB, parecer n°. 2.175.797. Os resultados preliminares apontaram que as escolas não têm conhecimento dos programas legais de combate à intimidação sistemática efetuada por meio de violências virtuais. Por outro lado, percebeu-se a importância de um professor engajado em sala de aula, comprometido com o ensino-aprendizagem, mas, sobretudo, envolvido na construção de uma cultura de paz, no uso de metodologias e princípios inspirados pela Pedagogia Social.

“Greying population”: Economic, social, and ethical appreciation of old age

As the population is growing older, sociologists and economists are becoming more interested in analyzing this phenomenon. There are two paradigms for interpreting old age. The first one points to excluding old people from social and economic life. It is argued that there should be a balance between activities and possibilities of old people. The other paradigm points to the social, political and economic activities of old people until the end of their lives. It emphasizes their life experience and competencies. The article presents new processes and socio-cultural phenomena that refer to seniors. Some of them are negative like ageism, social isolation, deprivation, the uncertainty of fate and existence. Others are positive and described as “the cult of age” like the dynamic expansion of the grey people industry, development of health care and consumer projects for the elderly. The article argues that the sense and dignity of life of the elderly should be defended, as it is the main motivation and reason for living.