Applying Taguchi Method Research Articles

Optimizing durability of the thin white topping applying Taguchi method using desirability function

White topping is a relatively new rehabilitation technology for giving strength to Asphalt pavement. Time to time resurfacing is necessary for bituminous pavement in hot climate region of India where heavy vehicles, operating under frequent start/stop conditions. So, we can apply white topping where recurring problem arises due to rutting of bituminous pavement. In India, endeavors to develop both traditional and ultra-thin white toppings as well as thin white toppings were built on an experimental basis, but their outcomes have not been specifically tracked. The performance and existence of pavement is affected by a range of things such as the load imposed by means of the site visitors plying on it, the weather, indigenous materials used and renovation standards. To examine their overall performance below Indian site visitors and climatic conditions road roughness test, compressive power by way of taking concrete cores and visible inspection survey has been executed.Moreover, the necessity for the new sorts of concrete with higher durability and higher overall performance for precise purposes, as compared to the available sorts, is sensed greater than ever. The concrete durability, laid low with one kind of variables consisting of compressive strength, resistance and permeability, has already attracted the attention of many researchers. In this research the effects of adding white topping concrete, changes in the humidity and temperature of the rehabilitated surrounding atmosphere are investigated to observe whether they will cause any growth in compressive strength and resistance of concrete and/or any decay in its permeability. For this, the Taguchi method is carried out as a method of design of experiment to get the most excellent level for every variable, accompanied by applying the regression approach to model the variables. finally, the final most desirable degrees for the sturdiness are offered primarily based on the desirability function.

Analysis of heat transfer and flow over a rotating cylinder at subcritical Reynolds numbers based on Taguchi method

The flow past the rotating circular cylinder and the effect of buoyancy on heat transfer char-acteristics are studied numerically for the Reynolds number of 20 and 40 and the Prandtl number of 0.7. The lift and drag coefficients, Strouhal number, and local Nusselt number on the cylinder are studied under the sway of combined buoyancy (at the Richardson num-ber varies from 0 to 2) and different rotational directions. Although the interaction between buoyancy and rotation is a puzzling heat transfer problem, the direction of rotation is found to have significant effects on the flow patterns and heat transfer rate. The main innovation of the present work is to determine the extreme points of Nusselt numbers when different conditions are applied. For a positive rotation, the maximum local Nusselt number is at θ=225o, and the minimum local Nusselt number is at θ=100o. In contrast, for a negative rotation, the maxi-mum and minimum local Nusselt numbers are at θ=140o and θ=270o, respectively. Applying Taguchi method, it is found that average Nusselt number is more dependent on Reynolds number than other factors. Additionally, it can be concluded that the direction of rotation can be used as a powerful tool to adjust the heat transfer rate and the required value of drag and lift. Consequently, without applying different rotation speeds, it would be difficult to stabilize the flow, and with the aid of Taguchi method, it is determined that rotation is deciding factor in stabilizing flow patterns. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Оценка влияния износостойкого покрытия на процесс точения титанового сплава

The results of a study of the machinability of titanium alloy VT1-0 are presented. The influence of the wear-resistant coating of the cutting tool on the cutting forces is analyzed. It is shown that when turning with a cutting tool without a wear-resistant coating, the cutting forces and friction force are lower than when turning with a tool with a coating. Based on the applied Taguchi method, effective cutting conditions were selected, at which maximum productivity is achieved

Natural ventilation in a lege space with heat source: CFD visualization and taguchi optimization

Louvre-equipped generic enclosed (LEGE) space with heat source and guiding vents is commonly seen in many buildings, heat transfer equipment and has plenty of practical applications. In the current work, natural wind- driven convection in a LEGE space system with a mono-centric heat source under five louvre configurations and different wind speeds are analyzed. The system walls are assumed adiabatic, and a heat source is introduced at the centre with five different levels of heating in the range of 100 and 400 W/m2. The system is placed in an ample rectangular space to generate natural wind flow conditions. The efforts of conducting several experiments are reduced by applying Taguchi method and Anova is used to rank the experiments based on the responses from CFD simulations. Firstly 3D steady RANS equations are solved using the Finite volume approach where RNG k-ω the model was chosen for turbulence modelling. The Nusselt number and temperature of the heat source were noted down as responses for each case. Secondly, the percentage contribution of different factors on the temperature of heat source and optimum experiment were explored using ANOVA technique. The results are reported in contours and velocity vectors inside the enclosure, disclosing the heat flow and air circulation under different design configurations. Results show that louvres position had a maximum of 5 percent effect on the responses than other factors. From the ANOVA method, results show that the contribution of air velocity is around 80%.

Structural and Behaviour Optimization of Tubular Structures Made of Tailor Welded Blanks by Applying Taguchi and Genetic Algorithms Methods

Even though they initially appeared as a method of using waste from other production processes, tailored welded blanks (TWB) presented several advantages by combining materials with different characteristics. On the one hand, this study focuses on minimizing the adverse effects caused by the springback of TWB parts. The proposed method is based on the Taguchi technique using orthogonal type 23 networks. On the other hand, genetic algorithms were applied to obtain maximum performance parameters within the dynamic loadings of tubular structures made of TWB by advantageous positioning of the weld line. The obtained data were compared and evaluated through software platforms such as MATLAB, Design Expert, and Dynaform, and experimental validation. By generating an objective function, the construction of thin-walled tubular structures can be controlled for a predetermined deformation and maximum energy absorption. The data obtained has an error rate of less than 3%, thus considering that this method can be used successfully in the qualitative and quantitative estimation of dynamically loaded TWB tubular structures.

Enhancing of ZA-27 alloy wear characteristics by addition of small amount of SiC nanoparticles and its optimisation applying Taguchi method

The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of the addition of a small amount of SiC nanoparticles on the mechanical characteristics and wear resistance of ZA-27 alloy. The ZA-27 alloy-based nanocomposites were produced by a relatively cheap compocasting process preceded by mechanical alloying. Reinforcing elements were the silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles with an average size lower than 50 nm and in very small amounts of 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %. Wear tests were realized on a block-on-disc tribometer under lubricated sliding conditions, at two sliding speeds (0.25 and 1 m/s), two normal loads (40 and 100 N) and a sliding distance of 1000 m. Optimisation of the SiC amount was performed by applying the Taguchi method, showing that the SiC amount of 0.5 wt. % is optimal for the given testing conditions. Prediction of the results and wear maps were also conducted. The analysis of variance showed that the SiC amount has the greatest influence on wear rate (70.8 %), followed by the normal load (19.8 %), and the sliding speed (3.9 %), while the influences of all interactions between these factors did not have any significant influence.

Optimization for maximum extraction of solder from waste PCBs through grey relational analysis and Taguchi technique

Recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is desirable to protect the environment and recover the valuable materials. In this regard, dissolution of solder is a key step to recycle the WPCBs. In this work, optimization for maximum dissolution of solder with minimum dissolution of copper is carried out by using Taguchi optimization method. Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) is used for converting multi-response into single response on the basis of Grey Relational Grade (GRG) value. The optimal solution is then achieved by applying Taguchi method on the GRG values achieved from GRA. The results show optimal control factors value of 2.5 mol/l (HBF4), 0.40 mol/l (H2O2), 3.0 % HNO3 and 40 min with maximum Signal/Noise ratio (S/N) −8.31. The treated WPCB with above chemical concentration and time exhibits the complete dissolution of solder and removal of the components without any undesired effect of fading of colour, symbol and characters on the printed circuit board (PCB) surface.

Applying Taguchi Method to Optimize Vacuum Printing Encapsulation Process

Under the prosperity of the global electronics industry, the current market requires consumer products, such as smartphones, notebook computers, tablet computers, and other portable electronic products, to become lighter, thinner, shorter, and smaller. The miniaturized design of the System in Package technology (SiP) integrates multiple different chips, such as an array package (BGA/CSP) or a peripheral package (QFP/TSOP), as well as passive components, such as resistors and capacitors, into a single package module. The Vacuum Printing Encapsulation System (VPES) features cost-efficiency and flexibility advantages, as compared with traditional transfer molding and compression molding, and thus, improves product reliability. However, as VPES is an emerging process, the impact of relevant VPES parameters has not yet been determined. Moreover, it has been discovered that there are still air bubbles in the cured Epoxy Molding Compound (EMC). In this study, the Taguchi experimental design is applied to propose the optimal process parameter combination, including the squeegee moving speed: 20mm/s, the printing delay time: 20s, the number of squeegee printings: three, and the inner chamber vacuum: 3KPa. The results of variance analysis show that the contributions of the number of squeegee printings and the inner chamber vacuum to the air bubble rate of the EMC adhesive material are 76.38% and 17.75%, respectively, which indicates that they have significant impact. The results of confirmation testing show that the above optimal VPES process parameters can minimize the air bubble rate occurring in the EMC adhesive material and avoid the risks of short circuits in the tin bridge during the reflow process of the SiP module.

Feasibility analysis of applying Taguchi method to fuel cell simulation

To verify the feasibility of applying Taguchi method to fuel cell simulation, an SOFC cathode optimization experiment is purposely designed based on a validated solid oxide fuel cell model. It is found that (a) the maximum power densities with and without the Taguchi method are 6144.7 and 6157.8 W/m2, respectively, which proves that the optimal results with the Taguchi method are reliable; (b) the use of the Taguchi method may lead to deviations in conclusions related to less influential factors, thus more attention should be paid to these factors.

Pb(II) Adsorption on Eastern Spruce Sawdust (Turkey) by Applying Taguchi Method and Adsorption Isotherms

Pb(II) Adsorption on Eastern Spruce Sawdust (Turkey) by Applying Taguchi Method and Adsorption Isotherms

Analysis of Welding Behaviour of Friction Stir Welded UHMW-PE Plate

Polypropylene is one of the thermoplastic materials used in the lot of engineering applications such as marine, aerospace, automotive, toys and etc. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state method of used for joining metals. FSW process was successfully extended to join thermoplastic materials. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state process in joining thermoplastic materials. Polymers are engineering materials used for future technological development as the polymer processing and fabrication techniques have developed novel plastic products and components in major industries. Particularly UHMWPE is one of the polymer materials with a lot of engineering applications and a study on the behavior of the joining properties of polyethylene by FSW is necessary at this stage. In this investigation, FSW process has to be applied to join a polyethylene plate of 8 mm thickness with specially designed threaded tool pin profile. The research will be applied Taguchi Method on UHMWPE specimen of dimensions 100 × 100 × 8 mm, which have following parameters: various RPM, Feed and Axial Load. The experiments will be done in following aspects: Ultimate tensile strength and other mechanical properties. The main objective of the experimental of factors affecting to mechanical property of UHMWPE with FSW at different welding parameters and it has to be followed by L4 arrays.

Study on the influence of key design parameters on lubrication characteristics of a novel gear system applying Taguchi method

This paper presents an investigation to find out how lubrication parameters affect lubrication characteristics of gear transmission systems for the purpose to acquire enhanced lubrication performance for such systems through design optimization. A novel high precision roller enveloping reducer is selected, and effects of key parameters on its lubrication performance were thoroughly studied. The key parameters include oil viscosity, immersion depth, rotation speed of the worm gear, worm arrangement, and volume of oil recess. Taguchi method was then applied to optimize those parameters to achieve an enhanced lubrication performance in the roller enveloping reducer. The research approach employed for this study can be described as follows: at first, a numerical simulation study was performed and simulation results were validated using experimental data; next, design domains for the key parameters were created over a wide range of values, and the design of experiments (DOE) method was applied to determine how the parametric values affect the lubrication characteristics via numerical calculations; afterwards, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the parametric values that would lead to the optimal lubrication performance. Our results showed that the novel roller enveloping reducer can provide desirable lubrication and meshing performance by applying the optimal parametric values. In our study, the lubrication performance is indicated in terms of churning losses and number of lubrication particles. Effects of the key parameter on them are discussed in this paper. This study presents a design method for screening the optimal parameters for best lubrication performance of gear systems. The employed research approach can be applied for lubrication design of other transmission systems.

Applying Taguchi method to control the thermal expansion effect on machining process of aluminium alloy extruded profile

In this paper we present a technological problem encountered in the machining accuracy of the parts for aerospace, made of aluminium alloy extruded profile with 7 meters length. Those parts have very tight tolerances and on milling process appear deviations due to thermal expansion effect, that influence the repeatability of machining processes. Through several tests and recording all values during the milling process, was defined through Taguchi method the main factors which have impact on the machined parts.

Rheological optimization of reactively modified polypropylene to enhance the foam extrusion performance

A high melt strength polypropylene (PP) suitable for foam extrusion was prepared from a commercial homo-polypropylene by long chain branching using reactive extrusion. Effects of four variables consist of monomer, inhibitor, compatibilizer and initiator concentrations on the rheological properties of modified PP were investigated applying Taguchi method of experimental design. The results showed that each factors had different effect on the melt strength of modified polypropylene. The optimum samples were selected for foam extrusion. DSC analysis was used to study the thermal behavior of obtained optimal samples. The SEM images of the foam extruded optimized sample revealed the uniform cell dispersion with closed fine cell morphology.

Applying Taguchi method to study the wear behaviour of ZA-27 alloy-based composites reinforced with SiC nanoparticles

ABSTRACT The tribological behaviour of ZA-27 alloy reinforced with nanosized SiC has not been studied. Thus, this work attempts to investigate this effect by utilising Taguchi’s factorial experiment approach. Accordingly, ZA-27 alloys reinforced with different weight fractions of SiC nanoparticles were produced using double stir casting technique. In wear test, the effect of normal load, sliding speed and reinforcement content were studied. The results revealed that reinforcing ZA-27 alloy with SiC nanoparticles improved its wear behaviour, while adding a large amount of reinforcements have a negative effect. The ANOVA test indicates that both reinforcement contents and normal load have statistically significant effects on wear rate while the effect of sliding speed is less significant. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine worn surfaces, where features observed on monolithic alloy worn surface are typical signs for adhesive wear. The worn surfaces of metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) have typical features for abrasive wear.

Application of Taguchi method to optimize the sol–gel dip-coating process of the semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 with good optical properties

This paper presents the optimal configuration of parameters for the elaborated Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layer, using the sol–gel method associated with dip-coating technique on ordinary glass substrates. Taguchi design of experiments with L27 (38) orthogonal array, a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the best optical properties for photovoltaic applications (optical bandgap energy) of CZTS thin films. Eight factors named annealing temperature, Cu/(Zn+Sn) ratio, Zn/Sn ratio, S/metal ratio, number of pre-annealing and dip coating, dip-coating cycle, annealing time, and dip-coating speed were chosen. To conduct the tests, we apply Taguchi method; three levels were fixed for each factor. The most important factors of the deposition approach on the optical properties of the fixed as-synthesized CZTS films were determined. The analysis of the obtained results indicated that the important parameters are the Zn/Sn ratio and annealing temperature in air by employing Taguchi approach. A validation test is also carried out to check whether the found optimal combinations of the parameter are correct. CZTS thin-film synthesis with optimal conditions has been characterized, using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectrophotometer, and four-point probe method. XRD data show a kesterite structure with a preferential orientation along the (112) plan; UV–visible spectrophotometer indicated that the bandgap energy of the CZTS thin film is 1.51 eV and a cross section showed the suitable film thickness in the order of ~1.80 µm.

A Study on Cutting Characteristics in Turning Operations of Titanium Alloy used in Automobile

Titanium alloy is a highly specific strength material, having excellent mechanical characteristics such as high stiffness, fracture resistance, and hardness at high temperature, so it is applied to various fields such as automotive, aerospace and bio-industry. Yet, the excellent characteristics of titanium alloy generate high cutting heat in cutting process, stimulating tool wear and degrading process accuracy. This study looked into turning characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V alloy using super light, coated carbide and cermet tool and applied Taguchi method to identify factors affecting turning process. In the process of titanium alloy, the major cause of tool wear was adhesion of the chip by cutting heat at a high temperature, and to enhance tool life, cutting speed control is necessary. Factors affecting tool life were in the order of tool material, cutting speed and feed rate.

Experimental analysis of energy absorption capability of thin-walled composite cylindrical shells by quasi-static axial crushing test

The energy absorption capability of thin-walled composite cylindrical shells is experimentally investigated. Effects of six parameters on absorption energy of composite shells are studied. These parameters including three geometric parameters of inner diameter, length and shell thickness and the other three parameters are layer orientation, reinforcing fibers and manufacturing process. The design of experiment was accomplished by applying Taguchi method and the axial crushing test was conducted on shells. The resulting data was statistically analyzed which led to the ranking of the six parameters and an optimized structure based on the selected parameters was proposed. Finally, different kinds of complicated failure modes controlling absorption capacity were studied. In addition, effects of the six mentioned parameters on both stable and unstable crushing modes of shells were investigated. It is found that a good correspondence exists between statistical analysis results and crushing collapse mechanisms in experimental analysis results, which both of the analysis are accorded to specific energy absorption.

Optimization of Pb(II) ions adsorption on nanohydroxyapatite adsorbents by applying Taguchi method

This paper presents an optimization approach for the removal of lead ions (Pb+2) by nano-hydroxyapatite powder form adsorbents that were produced from bovine bone by mechanical activation method. The Taguchi method was implemented for designing the experiments by considering four controllable factors including (1) ball milling time (A), (2) the initial concentration of lead ions (B), (3) initial pH of the solution (C); and (4) the adsorbent dosage (D), each factor at four different levels. According to the ANOVA analysis results, the removal efficiency of the lead ions was predominantly influenced by the adsorbent dosage (38.2%) and the initial lead ions concentration (23.64%), whereas the effect of initial pH of the solution was ignorable and the ball milling time had a mild contribution of 14.79%. The total optimum adsorptive lead ions removal of 100% was achieved by optimization process at operating conditions of Co = 180 mg L− 1, ball milling time = 2 h, pH = 3, and adsorbent dosage = 0.15 g. The Langmuir isotherm model fitted to the equilibrium results with good accuracy and a maximum sorption capacity of 200 mg g−1 was predicted by the model for the hydroxyapatite adsorbent ball milled for 2 h.

Prediction of Grinding Work Roll Demand in a Job Shop Company By using Artificial Neural Network and ARIMA Method

This study concern about forecasting grinding work roll demand in a job shop company located in industrial area in Cilegon. This factory main production is fabrication, which accepts various orders from other companies especially from the company around. Grinding Work Roll is one of those products that frequently request by customer. Although the order is frequent but the volume is fluctuation month by month. This situation drives the company to face the problem in preparing the resources required in fabrication process specially in scheduling the operators. To cope with this problem, we proposed to apply two robust forecasting methods, Artificial Neural Network and ARIMA to help in prediction the grinding work roll demand so as the company could make a good plan for the production process. The best architecture for ANN is obtained through applying Taguchi Method which applies Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm as Training Function. The best number for hidden layer is 10, while Momentum is 0.9. The Prediction result shows that ANN predicts better than ARIMA Method according to the lower Mean Square Error (MSE). MSE Value for ANN is 0.002 while for ARIMA MSE is 0.0043. From this study, we experienced that by applying Taguchi method could improve the performance of Artificial Neural Network.