Wettability and evaporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) aqueous droplets on microhole-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces under a direct current electric field were experimentally studied. When a direct current electric field was present, the contact angle hysteresis for SDS aqueous droplets decreased with increasing applied voltage and solid fraction had an obvious influence on contact angle hysteresis. For electrowetting of SDS aqueous droplets on microhole-patterned PDMS surfaces, both actuation voltage and saturation voltage decreased with increasing SDS concentration (below ∼4.10 mM) and increasing solid fraction. For SDS aqueous droplets evaporating on these microhole-patterned PDMS surfaces with the application of a direct current electric field, the duration of constant contact radius stage was found to become shorter with increasing solid fraction, which can be attributed to the weaker adhesion between the droplet and the surface with a larger solid fraction. SDS concentration and applied voltage were also found to have an obvious influence on the evaporation characteristics.