Applied AC Magnetic Field Research Articles

Enhanced dielectric, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties in 0.5BaFe12O19 - xBaTiO3 - (0.5-x)CoFe2O4 composites

(0.5)BaFe12O19 - xBaTiO3 - (0.5-x)CoFe2O4; (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 & 0.4) composite system was developed through conventional solid-state technique. XRD with Rietveld refinement confirmed pure tri-phasic composites with no impurity. The microstructure of samples has inhomogeneous grain packing with average size of grains ∼0.5 μm and typically decreased with BaTiO3 increment. The dielectric constant showed low-frequency dispersion and increased with BaTiO3 increment, hence maximum at 400 °C for composite x = 0.4 (∼2.8 × 103 at 1 kHz). Composites are ferrimagnetic in nature along with presence of firm exchange coupling among BaFe12O19/CoFe2O4 ferrite phases. The samples are multiferroic owing to typically high magnetoelectric coupling coefficient which increased with BaTiO3 increment, thus composite x = 0.4 attains highest value of 4.56 mV/cm.Oe on application of ac magnetic field (Hac = 45 Oe). The results indicate that the composites are suitable for magnetic field sensors and memory storage devices.

Process advantages of laser hybrid welding compared to conventional arc-based welding processes for joining thick steel structures of wind tower

The most common welding processes when joining thick-walled steels in the industry are arc-based welding processes such as GMAW or SAW. For this purpose, the sheets are joined in multi-layer technique, which can lead to productivity losses due to high welding times. The process-specific challenges in welding thick steels using multi-layer technique relate to the high heat input from the process. Therefore, alternative welding processes are being actively sought. A suitable alternative is provided by beam-based welding processes such as the laser hybrid welding processes, which are characterized by deep penetration welds and lower heat input. With implementation of the laser hybrid welding process in the heavy industry, such as the wind tower industry, economic benefits can be reached such as the increase in productivity by reducing the layer number, and the lower consumption of filler material and energy. When comparing SAW welded 25 mm thick steels in five to six layers and single-pass laser hybrid welding, the welding time can be reduced more than 80 % and the costs of filler material, flux and energy can be saved up to 90 %. However, the industrial use of the laser hybrid welding process is still limited to applications, where the material thickness does not exceed 15 mm due to some process-specific challenges such as the sagging, sensitivity to manufacturing tolerances such as gaps and misalignment, limited filler wire mixing, and deteriorated mechanical properties resulting from high cooling rates. To overcome these challenges, a contactless electromagnetic backing based on an externally applied AC magnetic field was used. Eddy currents are induced due to the oscillating magnetic field, and an upward-oriented Lorentz force is generated to counteract the droplets formed due to gravitational forces. It allows to weld up to 30 mm thick structural steels in a single-pass with a 20-kW fiber laser system. Additionally, the gap bridgeability and the misalignment of edges were increased to 2 mm when welding 20 mm thick steels. With the aid of the AC magnetic field, a vortex was formed in the weld root, which had a positive effect on the filler wire mixing. A further significant advantage of the EM backing was the possibility to expand the process parameter window to maintain desired cooling times and mechanical properties, without suffering adverse effects concerning the root quality of the weld.

Improvement of the Self-Controlled Hyperthermia Applications by Varying Gadolinium Doping in Lanthanum Strontium Manganite Nanoparticles

In this study, silica-encapsulated gadolinium was doped in lanthanum strontium manganite nanoparticles (NPs) with different concentrations using the citrate–gel auto-combustion method. We focused on tuning the Curie temperature and enhancing the specific absorption rate (SAR) of silica-coated gadolinium-doped lanthanum strontium manganite NPs to make them suitable for self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia. The samples were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and magnetic measurements to examine the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of the manganite NPs. While our results exhibit a successful doping of gadolinium in lanthanum strontium manganite NPs, we further prepared magnetic core NPs with sizes between 20 and 50 nm. The Curie temperature of the NPs declined with increasing gadolinium doping, making them promising materials for hyperthermia applications. The Curie temperature was measured using the magnetization (M-T) curve. Magnetic heating was carried out in an external applied AC magnetic field. Our present work proved the availability of regulating the Curie temperature of gadolinium-doped lanthanum strontium manganite NPs, which makes them promising candidates for self-controlled magnetic hyperthermia applications.

Magnetically Modulated Differential Quartz Crystal Microbalances for Rapid, Ultrasensitive, and Direct Probing of Prostate-Specific Antigens Conjugated with Magnetic Beads.

The occurrence and development of diseases are closely related to overexpression of specific biomarkers in the serum of patients. Rapid and sensitive biomarker detection is beneficial for early diagnosis and treatment. However, the current laboratory processes and assays for biomarker detection are expensive and time-consuming, and their operation also requires a large number of professionals. We developed a magnetically modulated differential quartz crystal microbalance (MMD-QCM) method combined with magnetic bead (MB) labels for rapid and highly sensitive quantitative detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Because MBs exhibit magnetized rotation motion under an applied AC magnetic field, a pair of QCMs are utilized to measure the difference between the magnetic motion intensities of the MBs and the MB-PSA immune complex to determine the PSA concentration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can be adopted to determine the PSA concentration in a wide range of 0.01-1000 ng/mL as well as exhibit a low detection limit of 0.065 ng/mL. In addition, the proposed scheme enables fast detection and low sample consumption. The single detection process takes less than 4 h and requires only 113 μL of sample solution. The proposed detection strategy is superior to the existing detection method and can be effectively used in early screening and prognostic diagnosis of cancer and other related diseases owing to its simplicity, low cost, and high speed.

Quantum Logic Enhanced Sensing in Solid-State Spin Ensembles.

We demonstrate quantum logic enhanced sensitivity for a macroscopic ensemble of solid-state, hybrid two-qubit sensors. We achieve over a factor of 30 improvement in the single-shot signal-to-noise ratio, translating to an ac magnetic field sensitivity enhancement exceeding an order of magnitude for time-averaged measurements. Using the electronic spins of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as sensors, we leverage the on-site nitrogen nuclear spins of the NV centers as memory qubits, in combination with homogeneous and stable bias and control fields, ensuring that all of the ∼10^{9} two-qubit sensors are sufficiently identical to permit global control of the NV ensemble spin states. We find quantum logic sensitivity enhancement for multiple measurement protocols with varying optimal sensing intervals, including XY8 and DROID-60 dynamical decoupling, as well as correlation spectroscopy, using an applied ac magnetic field signal. The results are independent of the nature of the target signal and broadly applicable to measurements using NV centers and other solid-state spin ensembles. This work provides a benchmark for macroscopic ensembles of quantum sensors that employ quantum logic or quantum error correction algorithms for enhanced sensitivity.

Dynamic resistance and voltage response of a REBCO bifilar stack under perpendicular DC-biased AC magnetic fields

The dynamic resistance of REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7-d, RE stands for rare earth), coated conductors (CCs) is a key parameter in many high-temperature superconductor applications where CCs carry DC currents exposed to AC and DC magnetic fields, such as field-triggered persistent current switches, flux pumps, and fault current limiters. In this work, dynamic resistance and dynamic voltage have been studied via experiments and finite element method (FEM) simulations in a REBCO bifilar stack at 77 K, under combined AC and DC magnetic fields with different magnitudes, frequencies, and waveforms. Our results show some distinct features of dynamic resistance and voltage from those under pure AC magnetic fields. With an increasing DC magnetic field, the dynamic resistance exhibits an obvious linearity with the applied AC magnetic field, and becomes less dependent on the AC field frequency. The fundamental frequency of the dynamic voltage under a DC magnetic field becomes the same as that of the applied AC field, which completely differs from the pure AC field case where the fundamental frequency doubles. For the first time, instantaneous threshold field (B th) values are obtained from the dynamic voltage, which are substantially different in the field-increasing and field-decreasing processes. These key differences are attributed to the dominant role of DC magnetic fields in determining the critical current of the superconductor, which significantly dwarfs the influence of AC fields. These new discoveries may help researchers better understand the electromagnetism of superconductors and be useful for relevant applications.

Influence of the ac magnetic field on the elastic and electric characteristics of a quantum paramagnet

It is shown that electric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the orthorhombic quantum paramagnet depend on the applied ac magnetic field, collinear to the dc one. The dependence is due to the renormalization of the quadrupole spin susceptibility. In the dynamical regime, the quadrupole susceptibility oscillates with the frequency of the ac field, and with the Rabi-like frequency. In the steady-state regime, the quadrupole susceptibility oscillates with the frequency of the ac field only about the renormalized with respect to the initial one value. That renormalization can change the values of the electric, piezoelectric, and elastic characteristics of the system.

SYNTHESIS OF COBALT FERRITE NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN HYPERTHERMIA THERAPY

Co-ferrite nanoparticles have been prepared by wet chemical route using micelles. Two sets of particles with sizes of⁓100 nm and ⁓200 nm were obtained by varying the concentration of micelles. The morphological and crystallographicstudy of the particles was performed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and x-ray diffractometer respectively. Tocheck the suitability of the co-ferrite nanoparticles in magnetic hyperthermia therapy, various magnetic measurementswere carried out in presence of AC and DC magnetic fields. To investigate the suitability of the particles in hyperthermiatherapy hysteresis loss of the particles under the application of AC magnetic field with various frequencies has beencarried out. The parabolic nature of power loss with the frequency of the applied AC field has been verified fromexperimental data. From various measurements, it appeared that the particles with an average size ~100 nm have betterefficiency in view of hyperthermia therapy. A large value of the specific absorption rate (SAR) was found from the achysteresis of the particles.

Magnetic‐Force‐Induced‐Luminescent Effect in Flexible ZnS:Cu/PDMS/NdFeB Composite

AbstractThe force‐induced light‐emitting phenomenon in polymer composites plays an important role in the soft electronic field due to its display function. Here, a magnetic‐force‐induced‐luminescence (MFIL) effect is reported in ZnS:Cu particle‐doped polydimethylsiloxane incorporated with a NdFeB magnetic tip mass for real‐time incident magnetic field strength light‐emitting display. Investigations show that the luminescence intensity increases nearly linear in response to the applied AC magnetic field, HAC; meanwhile, the minimum HAC for inducing MFIL is as low as 0.1 mT (1 Oe) at the resonance. The MFIL effect is 1000 times better and more energy‐efficient than the best result published previously. The findings, thus, indicate that the MFIL effect could serve as an effective method for light‐emitting display triggered by HAC; MFIL essentially originates from the donor–acceptor recombination between shallow donor level and the t2 level of Cu2 in ZnS:Cu semiconductor particles. The present results could, thus, provide a viable pathway toward multifunctional flexible electronic designs and applications, especially toward those for the real‐time visualization of remote magnetic field sensing.

Influence of field amplitude and dipolar interactions on the dynamic response of immobilized magnetic nanoparticles: Perpendicular mutual alignment of an alternating magnetic field and the easy axes.

In this paper, the dynamic magnetic properties of an ensemble of interacting immobilized magnetic nanoparticles with aligned easy axes in an applied ac magnetic field directed perpendicular to the easy axes are considered. The system models soft, magnetically sensitive composites synthesized from liquid dispersions of the magnetic nanoparticles in a strong static magnetic field, followed by the carrier liquid's polymerization. After polymerization, the nanoparticles lose translational degrees of freedom; they react to an ac magnetic field via Néel rotation, when the particle's magnetic moment deviates from the easy axis inside the particle body. Based on a numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equationfor the probability density of the magnetic moment orientation, the dynamic magnetization, frequency-dependent susceptibility, and relaxation times of the particle's magnetic moments are determined. It is shown that the system's magnetic response is formed under the influence of competing interactions, such as dipole-dipole, field-dipole, and dipole-easy-axis interactions. The contribution of each interaction to the magnetic nanoparticle's dynamic response is analyzed. The obtained results provide a theoretical basis for predicting the properties of soft, magnetically sensitive composites, which are increasingly used in high-tech industrial and biomedical technologies.

Structural, magnetic, and biocompatibility evaluations of chromium substituted barium hexaferrite (Co2–Y) for hyperthermia application

In the present work, chromium-substituted cobalt-based Y-type barium hexaferrite ceramics having a general formula of Ba2Co2Fe12-xCrxO22 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) have been studied to evaluate its potential candidacy as an optional replacement for various soft ferrite materials in the field of magnetic hyperthermia. The as-obtained ferrite powders are characterized for structural, magnetic, and morphological properties after being calcined at 1200 °C for 2 h. The structural parameters confirm single-phase nanocrystalline Y-type barium hexaferrite formation within all the samples. The room temperature magnetic parameter, i.e., saturation magnetization (Ms), is found to decrease (from 39.07 to 33.50 emu/g), and the coercive field (Hc) is increased (86.87–281.84 Oe) consistently. Later, oleic acid-coated ferrite samples' heating capability is governed within the applied AC magnetic field (25 mT at a frequency of 114.1 kHz) in terms of specific absorption rate (SAR) using time-dependent temperature performance. The superiority of the sample having the greatest SAR value (84.39 w/g for Ba2Co2Fe11.7Cr0.3O22) is interrelated with the particles' geometry, size distribution, magnetic parameters, and surface chemistry obtained from the XPS analysis. This sample is further analyzed for its biocompatibility performance against the MG-63 cell line; the results indicate that it may be a potential candidate for magnetic hyperthermia due to its significant SAR & ILP value along with better biocompatibility.

Fluid Hyperthermia and Ultrasonic Studies on Nickel Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

Superparamagnetic nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by low temperature hydrothermal method using EDTA as templating agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis. The XRD analysis shows the presence of cubic spinel phase with crystallite size of 26.42 nm. The morphology analyzed by FESEM and TEM techniques indicate the presence of cubical shape particles having average particle size of 28.44 nm with no agglomeration. The VSM analysis gives “S” shape curve with zero coercivity and saturation magnetization (Ms) of 30 emu/g indicating the presence of small magnetic particles exhibiting the superparamagnetic behaviour. Nickel ferrite nanofluids were prepared by mixing carrier fluid water with varying amounts of nickel ferrite nanopowder. Zeta potential measurements of dilute solution of nickel ferrite show the formation of stable nickel ferrite nanofluids. Hyperthermia and ultrasonic studies were carried out on various concentrations of nickel ferrite nanofluids. The SAR values and ultrasonic parameters were calculated. Less concentrated nickel ferrite nanofluids quickly attain threshold hyperthermia temperature of 43 °C when exposed to lower applied AC magnetic field of range 5 mT to 20 mT. Ultrasonic studies show at lower concentrations nickel nanoparticles interact with carrier fluid water through cohesive forces mainly hydrogen bonding and keep the particles in an isolated state there by continue to exhibit superparamagnetic characteristics. At higher concentrations, particle-particle interaction predominantly occurs leading to increase in particle size beyond 30 nm, so that the magnetic characteristics of nickel ferrite nanoparticles changes from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic nature. At low concentrations induction heating occurs through Neel and Brownian relaxation mechanism whereas at high concentrations hysteresis loss mechanism operate to attain the threshold temperature of 43 ºC.

Magnetization loss of CORC cables under axial tensile loading

As a highly flexible and fully isotropic cable structure, CORC (Conductor on Round Core) cable wound with high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes has promise for giant magnets, including fusion magnets, high-energy accelerator magnets, and nuclear magnetic resonance. CORC cables are subjected to mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic loadings during preparation and operation. Axial tension is one of the basic deformation modes of CORC cables. To investigate the impact of axial tension loads on the electromagnetic performance of CORC cables, a mechanical-electromagnetic model is created in this study. A comparison of numerical simulations and experiments was first performed for single straight tape and single-layer CORC cables to verify the model's reliability, with particular attention to the critical current reduction and the variation of magnetization loss during axial tension. The model developed in this paper may evaluate electromagnetic performance under applied AC magnetic fields with small amplitudes and mechanical response to axial tension loads. On this basis, the strain distribution of CORC cables under axial tension and their magnetization loss characteristics under various strain states are presented. The effects of different cable design parameters on the critical current and magnetization loss are discussed. The results show that the strain affects the magnetization loss of CORC cable significantly, especially for ones with larger winding angles. The magnetization loss can be reduced by choosing a narrower tape, a smaller winding angle, or a cable core material with a higher Poisson ratio. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the structure optimization design and practical application of CORC cables.

Rare-earth doped BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 nanoparticles for potential hyperthermia applications.

Ionic engineering is exploited to substitute Bi cations in BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 NPs (BFM) with rare-earth (RE) elements (Nd, Gd, and Dy). The sol-gel synthesized RE-NPs are tested for their magnetic hyperthermia potential. RE-dopants alter the morphology of BFM NPs from elliptical to rectangular to irregular hexagonal for Nd, Gd, and Dy doping, respectively. The RE-BFM NPs are ferroelectric and show larger piezoresponse than the pristine BFO NPs. There is an increase of the maximum magnetization at 300K of BFM up to 550% by introducing Gd. In hyperthermia tests, 3mg/ml dispersion of NPs in water and agar could increase the temperature of the dispersion up to ∼39°C under an applied AC magnetic field of 80mT. Although Gd doping generates the highest increment in magnetization of BFM NPs, the Dy-BFM NPs show the best hyperthermia results. These findings show that RE-doped BFO NPs are promising for hyperthermia and other biomedical applications.

Investigating the effect of transverse compressive loads on the electromagnetic performance of superconducting CORC® cables

High-temperature superconductor (Re)Ba2Cu3O x (ReBCO) conductor on round core cable (CORC®) has a large current carrying capacity for high field magnets. Lorentz forces acting on CORC conductors, cause a reduction of the critical current, or even permanent degradation of their performance when exceeding critical values. Transverse compressive stress is one of the principal mechanical stresses when CORC cables are bundled to cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) conductors capable of operating at currents up to 100 kA in magnetic fields of up to 20 T. In this research, a mechanical-electromagnetic model is developed to study the effect of transverse compressive loads on the electromagnetic performance of CORC cables. A mechanical transverse load on the cable is implemented to simulate the electromagnetic force. A comparison of numerical simulations with experiments for a three-layer CORC cable is first performed to validate the model’s reliability, with particular attention to critical current reduction during the transverse compression process. A novel feature of this paper is that the model developed can analyze both mechanical response under transverse compressive loads and electromagnetic performance under applied AC magnetic fields with low amplitudes. On this basis, the model investigates the effects of winding parameters on the axial strain and critical current reduction of the ReBCO layer in a single-layer CORC cable. The numerical analysis shows that increasing the winding angle can reduce the axial strain and critical current reduction of the ReBCO layer in the contact area. Subsequently, a detailed comparative study is carried out studying the axial strain of the ReBCO layer in the non-contact area with and without taking the winding core into account. In addition, a sudden increase in the magnetization loss is explained when the transverse compressive load reaches a certain level. Finally, a six-layer CORC cable’s electromagnetic analysis is performed, and each tape layer’s critical current reduction is investigated and discussed. The comparison of magnetization loss and current density between six- and single-layer CORC cables in the no-strain case is also given. This finite element model can guide optimizing a cable design for specific application conditions.

Experimental Evaluation of Current Distribution in Three-Strand Transposed Parallel Conductors Composed of REBCO Superconducting Tapes

We investigated current distribution in three-strand transposed parallel conductors consisting of REBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> (REBCO, RE = rare earth) superconducting tapes under applied AC magnetic fields. We recently derived the theoretical expression for the additional AC loss caused by the formation of three-strand transposed parallel conductors and proved its validity through experiments. However, the conditions of each strand and current distribution have not yet been discussed. Accordingly, we measured the current distribution and compared it with the calculated distribution derived using the theoretical expression. From the results, we found that the current branch ratio of the three-strand can also be predicted via the theoretical expression.

Structural and magnetic equilibrium properties of a semi-dilute suspension of magnetic multicore nanoparticles

The idea to create smart magnetically controllable nanostructured materials is highly appealing from both fundamental science point of view and application perspectives. Ample investigations of single-domain magnetic nanoparticles embedded in liquid and gel-like magneto-passive carriers revealed a plethora of new phenomena from controllable equilibrium self-assembly to a designed heat dissipation on the application of AC magnetic fields. However, all the effects in such systems are limited by the physical energy and entropy scales of nanoparticles and are very sensitive to temperature changes and confinement. As a result, among new types of complex magnetic materials, magnetic multicore nanoparticles (MMNPs) made of rigidly bound single-domain nanograins were proposed. The properties of such systems are resulting from inter-grain and grain-field interactions, and are not yet fully understood. In this study, employing Langevin dynamics computer simulations, we analyse the interplay of the aforementioned interactions in a dilute suspension of MMNPs made of grains with negligible magnetic anisotropy. We find that the stronger are the inter-grain interactions the lower is the initial magnetic response of MMNPs. The response is though hindered, rather than suppressed: at a certain intensity of an applied magnetic field a sufficient degree of the alignment of the grain magnetic moments and the field is achieved and a large-scale self-assembly accompanied by a rapid growth of magnetisation is observed. The strength of interactions essential for this crossover is much higher than that for a suspension of single-domain grains with the same concentration and magnetic saturation.

Dynamic crossover across the peak effect in BaK x Fe2As2 superconductor for H-axis and H-plane

The vortex matter properties of a BaK x Fe2As2 single crystal ( K) were studied, by employing both isofield and isothermal ac-susceptibility measurements, , in a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes of the applied ac magnetic field. The irreversibility line (), formally defined by the onset of the third harmonic, is recorded for both -axis and -plane. It can be reproduced from the empirical equation, , with and Tesla, Tesla. The isofield measurements of the first harmonic revealed a narrow diamagnetic peak, related to a local peak of the critical current below the irreversibility line for both -axis and -plane. The local peak for Tesla is transformed to a sudden drop before it completely disappears. Detailed ac-susceptibility measurements were conducted for frequencies ranging within f = 0.1–10 kHz. From these data, the pinning potential, U, is deduced both as function of temperature and dc magnetic field. These results revealed that the ac response of vortex matter exhibits three distinct dynamic behaviors. By employing a model proposed by Mikitik and Brandt (2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 184514), that is based on a Lindemann type criterion and the collective pinning theory, we reproduced the experimentally recorded vortex matter phase diagram by taking into account both thermal fluctuations and random point disorder. To this effect, we adopted a pinning mechanism, , = 1.1–1.5 and a Ginzburg number .

Highly efficient heat-dissipation power driven by ferromagnetic resonance in MFe2O4 (M\u2009=\u2009Fe, Mn, Ni) ferrite nanoparticles

We experimentally demonstrated that heat-dissipation power driven by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in superparamagnetic nanoparticles of ferrimagnetic MFe2O4 (M = Fe, Mn, Ni) gives rise to highly localized incrementation of targeted temperatures. The power generated thereby is extremely high: two orders of magnitude higher than that of the conventional Néel-Brownian model. From micromagnetic simulation and analytical derivation, we found robust correlations between the temperature increment and the intrinsic material parameters of the damping constant as well as the saturation magnetizations of the nanoparticles’ constituent materials. Furthermore, the magnetization–dissipation-driven temperature increments were reliably manipulated by extremely low strengths of applied AC magnetic fields under resonance field conditions. Our experimental results and theoretical formulations provide for a better understanding of the effect of FMR on the efficiency of heat generation as well as straightforward guidance for the design of advanced materials for control of highly localized incrementation of targeted temperatures using magnetic particles in, for example, magnetic hyperthermia bio-applications.

Contact resistance, coupling and hysteresis loss measurements of ITER poloidal field joint in parallel applied magnetic field

The inter-strand contact resistance and AC losses were measured on an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) poloidal field (PF) coil joint in a parallel applied AC magnetic field. In addition, the hysteresis loss was measured as a function of the angle with the applied magnetic field on a niobium-titanium (NbTi) strand of the same type as in the joint with a vibrating sample magnetometer. The AC loss measurements were performed at four applied field conditions for combinations of 0 or 1 T offset field and 0.2 or 0.4 T sinusoidal amplitude. The hysteresis loss of the joint was compared with the measured AC loss density of the NbTi strand for the same field conditions as the joint AC loss measurement but with varying the angle of the applied field. The subsequent cable twist angles affect the hysteresis loss since the critical current and penetration field depend on the angle of the applied field. It is found that 15.5° is an effective angle for the calculation of the hysteresis loss of joint when compared to the single strand measurement. The inter-strand contact resistance measurements cover all the typical strand combinations from the five cabling stages of the individual conductors, as well as the strand combinations across the two conductors to characterize the inter-strand including the copper sole resistivity. It is the first time to measure the contact resistances and AC losses of the full-size ITER PF joint. By comparing the measured and simulated data in the JackPot-ACDC model, it is also the first time to obtain the accurate inter-strand, inter-petal and strand to copper sole contact resistivities, which are the main input parameters for the further quantitative numerical analysis of the PF joints, in any current and magnetic field conditions.