Application Requirements Research Articles

Application Requirements of Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Building Materials Informatization

Under the background of the continuous development of information technology, strengthening the construction of grassroots material management information platform of construction industry projects is conducive to promoting the information development of construction industry and improving the economic benefits of enterprises. For the construction industry, material management is not only to ensure the supply demand and normal operation of the project site, but also an important part of the profits of each project. However, the information platform of construction enterprises often has problems such as cumbersome operation, low professional level of operators, repeated and cumbersome data recording. Moreover, the large amount of data in the grassroots construction project department can rarely be effectively used, and the large amount of data recorded by the system rarely forms historical data through analysis and forms empirical data for the enterprise. From the perspective of optimization of information platform by artificial intelligence technology, this paper describes the existing problems of information platform for building materials management, analyzes the development needs of information management for grassroots materials in construction industry projects, and then takes the price analysis of steel reinforcement materials in material management as an example to illustrate. A constructive idea is put forward for the optimization scheme of artificial intelligence technology embedding information platform.

Design and experiments of a humanoid torso based on biological features

Among the components of a humanoid robot, a humanoid torso plays a vital role in supporting a humanoid robot to complete the desired motions. In this paper, a new LARMbot torso is developed to obtain better working performance based on biological features. By analyzing the anatomy of a human torso and spine, a parallel cable-driven mechanism is proposed to actuate the whole structure using two servo motors and two pulleys. Analysis is conducted to evaluate the properties of the proposed parallel cable-driven mechanism. A closed-loop control system is applied to control the whole LARMbot torso. Experiments are performed using the manufactured prototype in three modes to evaluate the characterizations of the proposed design. Results show that the proposed LARMbot can complete the desired motions properly, including two general human-like motions and a full rotation motion. When completing two general human-like motions, the maximum bending angle is 40 degrees. The maximum cable tension is 0.68 N, and the maximum required power is 18.3 W. In full rotation motion, the maximum bending angle is 30 degrees. The maximum cable tension is 0.75 N, and the maximum power required is 20.5 W. The proposed design is simplified and lightweight, with low energy consumption and flexible spatial motion performance that can meet the requirements of the humanoid robot torso's application in complex scenarios and commercial requirements.

Self‐Generated Glass‐Ceramics‐Like Structure Boosts Energy Storage Performance of AgNbO3‐Based MLCC

AbstractDielectric capacitors are strikingly attractive for use in advanced high‐power pulsed‐discharge devices for electronic systems. However, their poor energy‐storage density (Urec) and efficiency (η) resulting from the large remanent polarization (Pr) and low breakdown strength (BDS), have been the major challenge for practical applications. Inspired by the glass ceramics in which the core‐shell microstructure is considered an effective method to improve the BDS, maintain large Pmax, and reduce Pr values, the strategy of “self‐generated glass‐ceramics‐like structure” is proposed in this work, and the (EuxAg1−3x)NbO3 (EuxAN) at 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.09 capacitors are designed. Similar to glass ceramics, the ceramics‐like AFE regions in the “self‐generated glass‐ceramics‐like structure” help to improve Pmax value, while glass‐like PE regions are responsible for increasing the BDS of the capacitor, so as to achieve ultrahigh Urec and η values. Because of the glass‐ceramics‐like structure, high recoverable energy storage Urec ≈ 16.6 J cm−3 along with an excellent η ≈ 93.1% are achieved in the EuxAN (x = 0.07) multilayer capacitors. This work offers a good paradigm for improving the energy storage properties of AFE systems to meet the demanding requirements of advanced energy storage applications.

Towards Sustainable Masonry Construction Through Natural Aggregate Replacement by Fine Recycled Aggregates in Cement–Lime Mortars

Sustainable development relies on the circularity in the built environment, which, in turn, includes recycling construction and demolition waste and using recycled materials. However, using fine recycled fractions is challenging, especially considering the requirements for new building applications. Yet, producing more widely applied recycled coarse aggregates usually leads to the simultaneous generation of recycled sand fraction, which contains many fines that pose potential problems. This work presents the direct incorporation of concrete and mixed waste-based recycled sand and recycled fines in masonry mortars, on the one hand, as a complete aggregate replacement and, on the other, only replacing the finest aggregate fraction. Such mortars are assessed based on the fresh and hardened mortar properties and are compared to natural aggregate-containing mortars. In the fresh state, the mortars with recycled fines and recycled sand required more mixing water to produce comparable consistency and workability. In a hardened state, mortars with recycled mixed waste sand and fines have demonstrated increased mechanical strength compared to natural aggregate mortars. In contrast, those containing recycled concrete aggregates and fines were inferior in that regard. This indicates the potential of using recycled mixed waste fractions to improve masonry mortar performance, although both types might be important in enhancing the sustainability of masonry construction.

Elementally Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: Control of Optical Properties and Their Versatile Applications

AbstractCarbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are a class of luminescent nanomaterials formed through cross‐linking and polymerization. Owing to their excellent biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, good aqueous dispersion, high chemical stability, unique cross‐linking structure, and modifiable surface properties, CPDs have attracted significant attention. However, pure CPDs exhibit certain limitations in terms of optical performance, particularly in terms of fluorescence intensity, phosphorescence intensity, and emission wavelength tunability, which may not meet the requirements of specific applications. To address these limitations, doping CPDs with various elements, such as nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P) to modify their band structure and surface functionalization can significantly enhance their optical properties and photochemical stability, thereby expanding their application potential. This paper reviews the main synthesis methods for elementally doped CPDs, examines the effects of different types of elemental doping on their photochemical properties, and explores promising applications in optoelectronic devices, sensors, and catalysis. Finally, recent advancements in elementally doped CPDs are summarized, along with future development directions and challenges.

Freeform surfaces manufactured with a combination of ultra-fine grinding and plasma jet polishing

In order to meet the increasing requirements of freeform production, a new process chain is presented that combines grinding with thermally induced plasma jet polishing. This is demonstrated by an example of a self-designed Alvarez lens geometry made of fused silica glass. A three-stage grinding process is applied, comprising coarse pre-shaping, fine freeform shape generation, and ultra-fine first surface smoothing. Grinding is performed using a 5-axis CNC machining process with spherical diamond grinding tools. After grinding, the surface quality is sufficient for subsequent plasma jet polishing, in terms of shape accuracy, mid-spatial frequency errors, and roughness. The surface shape is retained during polishing while simultaneously achieving a high surface quality and meeting the roughness requirements for optical applications. The requisite improvements to the grinding processes, as well as a parameter optimization for plasma jet polishing are presented. Moreover, the application of a convolution function, which describes plasma jet polishing theoretically, helps to reduce the number of samples necessary to optimize the process chain with respect to favorable transfer points, thereby perfectly linking the processes. The novel process chain offers a versatile and efficient approach for the fabrication of optical freeform surfaces with a final roughness of less than 0.5 nm.

Optimizing Bandwidth Allocation in Converged Networks Using Hybrid Deep Learning Model

The demand for high-speed network services and the increasing development of network traffic have led to the popularity of converged networks, which mix various services over a single infrastructure. However, because of the variety of application requirements and resource constraints, ensuring quality of service (QoS) in these networks is difficult. Conventional methods for allocating bandwidth are frequently static, reactive, and inefficient, which results in less-than-ideal network performance. We provide a unique deep learning method to optimize bandwidth allocation in convergent networks in order to overcome this. We create and use three deep learning models: Deep Q-Networks (DQN), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), and a special LSTM-based DQN model. We assess each model's performance using an extensive dataset. Our results show that the Novel DQN model performs better than the other models in terms of minimum packet loss, increased accuracy, decreased latency, throughput maximization, spectral efficiency optimization, bit error rate reduction, fairness assurance, and effective channel resource use. Better service quality is the outcome of these upgrades, which also significantly increase upload and download speeds. Our empirical studies demonstrate our methodology's usefulness in real-world scenarios and open the door to intelligent network management solutions that facilitate better QoS, efficient bandwidth allocation, and improved user experiences in converged networks.

Evaluating Generalization of Methods for Artificially Generating NDVI from UAV RGB Imagery in Vineyards

High-resolution NDVI maps derived from UAV imagery are valuable in precision agriculture, supporting vineyard management decisions such as disease risk and vigor assessments. However, the expense and complexity of multispectral sensors limit their widespread use. In this study, we evaluate Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) approaches—trained on either multispectral-derived or true RGB data—to convert low-cost RGB imagery into NDVI maps. We benchmark these models against simpler, explainable RGB-based indices (RGBVI, vNDVI) using Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) risk and vigor mapping as application-centric tests. Our findings reveal that both multispectral- and RGB-trained GANs can generate NDVI maps suitable for BBR risk modelling, achieving R-squared values between 0.8 and 0.99 on unseen datasets. However, the RGBVI and vNDVI indices often match or exceed the GAN outputs, for vigor mapping. Moreover, model performance varies with sensor differences, vineyard structures, and environmental conditions, underscoring the importance of training data diversity and domain alignment. In highlighting these sensitivities, this application-centric evaluation demonstrates that while GANs can offer a viable NDVI alternative in some scenarios, their real-world utility is not guaranteed. In many cases, simpler RGB-based indices may provide equal or better results, suggesting that the choice of NDVI conversion method should be guided by both application requirements and the underlying characteristics of the subject matter.

Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS multiplex assay for the quantification of bedaquiline, n-desmethyl bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin, and clofazimine in dried blood spots.

Dried blood spot (DBS) assays to quantify novel and repurposed drugs for the treatment of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) would facilitate pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring in low-middle income settings, considering their ease of application and simple sample storage requirements. We describe a DBS method for the simultaneous quantification of bedaquiline and metabolite N-desmethyl bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin, and clofazimine. The analytes were extracted from the matrix and isolated by solid-phase extraction. Two LC-MS/MS systems were used, optimized for the separate analysis of the more polar compounds (linezolid and levofloxacin), and less polar compounds (bedaquiline, N-desmethyl bedaquiline, and clofazimine), employing gradient elution. Electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring were used to quantify the analytes on a Sciex API3200 and an API5500 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, for the more polar and less polar analytes, respectively. Isotopically labelled internal standards were used to compensate for variability in the quantification of each analyte. The method was validated according to international guidelines and applied to samples from a clinical trial. We performed correlation and agreement analysis of the DBS assay and in-house plasma methods using Deming regressions and Bland-Altman plots. Coefficients of correlation between measured plasma and DBS concentrations ranged from 0.866 (95% CI: 0.817-0.902) to 0.989 (95% CI: 0.985-0.992). More than 67% of the samples showed a difference between the observed and estimated plasma concentrations within 20% of their means, meeting EMA requirements for method reproducibility and demonstrating the interchangeability of our DBS and plasma LC-MS/MS methods.

A Potassium Methyl Silicate/MnO2 Composite for the Rapid Removal of Dyes from Water

AbstractDye wastewater causes significant harm to the environment and human health. Adsorption is one of the most effective technologies for treating dye wastewater owing to its straightforward operation, strong applicability, and low cost. However, traditional adsorbents have drawbacks, including complicated preparation processes, low adsorption capacity, and challenges with separation, recovery, and regeneration, which fail to meet practical application requirements. Therefore, the development of adsorbents with high adsorption capacity, easy separation, and reusability is urgently required for the treatment of dye‐contaminated wastewater. Potassium methyl silicate (PMS)@MnO2 complex particles (PMS@MnO2) were successfully synthesized by adding a PMS solution to a potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution at a molar ratio of PMS to MnO2 of 1:1. The PMS@MnO2 complex is rich in functional groups and exhibits good hydrophobicity. The PMS@MnO2 complex particles demonstrated excellent adsorptive capacity (989.1 mg/g) for methylene blue (MB) with rapid degradation, achieving over 75% of their adsorptive capacity within 5 min. The adsorption process was found to be pH‐responsive and exothermic. Under neutral and alkaline conditions, the negative charges in the oxygen‐containing groups on PMS@MnO2 combine with the positive charges in the nitrogen atoms of MB via electrostatic forces. However, under acidic conditions, MB was adsorbed via hydrogen bonding and n‐π interaction between MB and PMS@MnO2. The spent adsorbent was reused for at least five cycles.

Design and optimization of two stage annular thermoelectric generator coupling with high temperature heat pipe application

Traditional energy sources have limited applications in deep space and deep-sea exploration as they cannot provide a long-term, reliable energy supply. Small nuclear reactors are ideal because of their high adaptability and long life, especially for powering deep space missions. This study focuses on integrating thermoelectric generators (TEG) with small nuclear reactors. Due to the limitation of conventional planar thermoelectric devices in conversion efficiency, a novel annular thermoelectric device (ATEG) is proposed and discussed. Compared with the traditional flat thermoelectric devices, annular thermoelectric devices have the advantages of larger contact area with heat source, smaller volume and stable heat flux. According to the application requirements of heat pipe reactor, the geometric parameters of thermoelectric conversion system are optimized in order to find the best geometric parameters and external load resistance. Through detailed investigation, we found that under certain conditions (such as 900 K hot end temperature and 10 mm device height), the single-stage SKD thermoelectric device can achieve the highest conversion efficiency of 8.99 %. Optimizing contact characteristics (e.g., surface roughness less than 2 µm, contact resistivity less than 10 microohms square centimeters) is critical to maintaining this high level of efficiency. Based on the thermoelectric characteristics of single-stage thermoelectric devices, two-stage thermoelectric devices are studied. The two-stage SKD-BT device exhibits better performance. When the height ratio of thermoelectric material is 0.7, the efficiency of the two-stage SKD-BT device is as high as 11.49 %, which is 27.8 % higher than that of the single-stage thermoelectric device. In this study, two innovative ways of integrating cascaded annular thermoelectric devices are proposed, which are simple in structure and easy to be modularized. Under the same temperature boundary condition, the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of the PN leg alternating connection structure can reach 10.95 % under the optimal load resistance, which is better than 6.45 % of the parallel connection structure.

Biomimetic ECM nerve guidance conduit with dynamic 3D interconnected porous network and sustained IGF-1 delivery for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration and immune modulation.

Recent advancements in tissue engineering have promoted the development of nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) that significantly enhance peripheral nerve injury treatment, improving outcomes and recovery rates. However, utilising tailored biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) topological porous structures combined with multiple bio-effect neurotrophic factors to create environments similar to neural tissues, regulate local immune responses, and develop a supportive microenvironment to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and repair poses significant challenges. Herein, a biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) NGC featuring an interconnected 3D porous network and sustained delivery of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is designed using multi-functional gelatine microcapsules (GMs). Nerve conduits made by blending chitosan (CS) with GMs demonstrate suitable degradation rates, reduced swelling rates, increased suture tensile strength, improved elongation at break, and 50% radial compression performance that meet clinical application requirements. In vitro cytological studies indicate that biomimetic ECM NGCs exhibit good biocompatibility, promote early survival, proliferation, and remyelination potential of Schwann cells (SCs), and support neurite outgrowth. The biomimetic ECM NGCs comprising a 3D interconnected porous network in a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect rat model sustain IGF-1 delivery, promoting early infiltration of macrophages and polarisation towards M2-type macrophages. Furthermore, observations at 12 weeks post-implantation revealed improvements in electrophysiological performance, alleviation of gastrocnemius muscle atrophy, increased peripheral nerve regeneration, and motor function restoration. Thus, biomimetic ECM NGCs offer a therapeutic strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration with promising clinical applications and transformation prospects to regulate immune microenvironments, promoting SC proliferation and differentiation with nerve axon growth.

Modification and Performance Evaluation of Radio Frequency Identification Technology in High-Temperature and High-Pressure Environments

Summary As oil and gas exploration progresses into deeper and ultradeep territories, the radio frequency identification (RFID) tags used in drillpipes are required to demonstrate enhanced resilience to elevated temperatures and pressures. Current research on tags for ultrahigh temperature and ultrahigh pressure environments is relatively scarce. This study focuses on the application of RFID in deeper drilling operations, aiming to further enhance the tags’ temperature and pressure resistance to meet the application requirements. Numerical simulations were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of RFID tags installed on drillpipes of varying dimensions under conditions of elevated temperatures and pressures. This process enabled the optimization of the dimensions of the RFID tags and installation holes. The optimal dimensions for the RFID tag were determined to be φ24.3×7 mm, with the corresponding installation hole being φ24.3×11 mm. To evaluate the high-temperature endurance of the RFID tags, they were subjected to a temperature of 200℃ for a period of time, after which a maximum temperature of 230℃ was applied. Furthermore, a bespoke high-temperature and high-pressure apparatus was used to conduct a 7-day endurance test at 200℃ and 200 MPa. The findings demonstrated that the RFID tags exhibited reliable performance even when subjected to an extreme temperature of 230℃. Furthermore, the RFID tags exhibited consistent performance when subjected to prolonged periods of high temperature and pressure. The efficacy of the RFID tags was further validated through an 11-well field experiment, wherein the embedded tags exhibited no indications of detachment or deterioration. Once removed from the apparatus, the tags were able to be read automatically in real time, thus enabling the automated collection of data from the drillpipe in actual operating conditions. The findings of this study provide valuable insights and establish a foundation for the design and application of RFID tags in the challenging environments of deep and ultradeep oil and gas exploration.

AI-based plastic waste sorting method utilizing object detection models for enhanced classification.

The export ban on plastic waste by China has brought domestic plastic recycling to the forefront of environmental concerns, with sorting being a crucial step in the recycling process. This study assessed the performance of advanced AI models, Mask R-CNN, and YOLO v8, in enhancing plastic waste sorting. The models were evaluated in terms of accuracy, mean average precision (mAP), precision, recall, F1 score, and inference time, with hyperparameter tuning performed through grid search. Mask R-CNN, with an accuracy of 0.912 and mAP of 0.911, outperformed YOLO v8 in tasks requiring detailed segmentation, despite a longer inference time of 200-350ms. Conversely, YOLO v8, with an accuracy of 0.867 and mAP of 0.922, excelled in real-time applications owing to its shorter inference time of 80-160ms. This study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate model based on specific application requirements.

Simultaneous Isotropic Omnidirectional Hypersensitive Strain Sensing and Deep Learning-Assisted Direction Recognition in a Biomimetic Stretchable Device.

Omnidirectional strain sensing and direction recognition ability are features of the human tactile sense, essential to address the intricate and dynamic requirements of real-world applications. Most of the current strain sensors work by converting uniaxial strain into electrical signals, which restricts their use in environments with multiaxial strain. Here, the first device with simultaneous isotropic omnidirectional hypersensitive strain sensing and direction recognition (IOHSDR) capabilities is introduced. By mimicking the human fingers from three dimensions, the IOHSDR device realizes a novel heterogeneous substrate that incorporates the involute of a circle, resulting in isotropic behavior in the radial direction and anisotropic property in the involute direction for hypersensitive strain sensing. With the assistance of a deep learning-based model, the IOHSDR device accomplishes an impressive accuracy of 99.58% in recognizing 360° stretching directions. Additionally, it exhibits superior performance in the typical properties of stretchable strain sensors, with a gauge factor of 634.12, an ultralow detection limit of 0.01%, and outstanding durability exceeding 15000 cycles. The demonstration of radial artery pulse and throat vibration applications highlights the IOHSDR's unique characteristics of isotropic omnidirectional sensing and precise direction detection unleashing new classes of wearable health monitoring devices.

High-Performance Flexible Microwave Absorption Films with Dynamic Adjustable Macrostructures and Alterable Electromagnetic Field Polarizations.

Electromagnetic wave absorption materials that can be utilized for freewill adhering or peeling from the target substrate remain a challenge to be solved. Compared to powder-based slurry and coatings, microwave absorption films possess clear advantages for their good flexibility and machinability. However, the matching thickness and effective bandwidth of 2D microwave absorption films cannot satisfy the current application requirements. As a result, it is necessary to complete a rational structural design based on flat films. In view of the fact that common film-forming methods based on blocks or hard bases cannot be changed or replaced easily once the structural construction is done, here solvent evaporation molding combined with phase change material filling was proposed for the first time to accomplish continuous structural transformation for flexible films. Unlike the original reflection loss (RL) peaks of flat films at around 17.0 GHz, a new absorption peak near 12.25 GHz was generated thanks to the design of coherent structures, resulting in the peaks' boundary merging and effective bandwidth extension. Specifically, 4.56 GHz of absorption bandwidth (RL < -5 dB) at 1.0 mm and 4.27 GHz (RL < -10 dB) of absorption bandwidth at 2.3 mm could be obtained by arch testing under electrical field polarization. Importantly, correlations between EM field polarizations and coherent structures as well as the rules of the absorption peak generation and frequency shift related to the structural variation have all been figured out. The presented laws of EM pattern evolutions for structural films in this work lay the foundation for the applications of high-efficiency microwave absorption materials in complex surfaces and switchable scenes.

La innovación en la futura Legislación Farmacéutica de la Unión Europea

The European Commission, within the framework of the implementation of the Pharmaceutical Strategy for Europe, has recently published a regulatory package that will replace the current regulation of medicines for human use in the European Union and that aims to provide a global response to current challenges. that the pharmaceutical sector faces. Due to the relevant role that innovation plays in the future regulatory framework, our work delves into the main measures that affect the promotion of research and development and, in particular: (i) regulatory data protection periods, (ii) the approach of unmet medical needs, (iii) application requirements for marketing authorisations, (iv) post-authorization measures; (v) pre-authorisation regulatory support; (vi) orphan medicinal products; (vii) paediatric medicinal products; (viii) regulatory sandbox; and (ix) manufacturing. Keywords: Medicines; Pharmacy; Regulatory framework; Orphan medicinal products; Paediatric medicinal products

Preparation and properties of PLCL/OM-Laponite materials with potential applications in orthopedic bandage

Abstract Poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) is the polymeric material with good biodegradability and biocompatible properties, but it is insufficient in strength properties that the pure PLCL is performed as orthopedic bandage. The PLCL has been blended with the laponite which is modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to prepare composited bandage splines. The organic-modified laponite (OM-laponite) results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermogravimetry analysis (TG) indicate that the laponite was successfully grafted with CTAB and the thermal stability was improved with increasing CTAB. The mechanical properties reveal that elongation at break strengthen with the increasing OM-laponite. When the content of OM-laponite is 2.0 %, the elongation at break and tensile strength of composited spline are superior to the medical orthopedic bandage. The results of thermal stability show that it was helpful to improve the crystallization properties of PLCL with the addition of OM-laponite. The water contact angle results demonstrate that the hydrophilicity is enhanced and is beneficial to cell adhesion. The results of cell experiment illustrate that the composite materials have a certain effect on cell proliferation when the content of OM-laponite is less than 2 %. Compared with the medical orthopedic bandage, it is satisfied with the application requirements.

Deletion of atypical type II restriction genes in Clostridium cellulovorans using a Cas9-based gene editing system

The anaerobic bacterium Clostridium cellulovorans is a promising candidate for the sustainable production of biofuels and platform chemicals due to its cellulolytic properties. However, the genomic engineering of the species is hampered because of its poor genetic accessibility and the lack of genetic tools. To overcome this limitation, a protocol for triparental conjugation was established that enables the reliable transfer of vectors for markerless chromosomal modification into C. cellulovorans. The availability of reporter genes is another requirement for strain engineering and biotechnological applications. In this work, the oxygen-free fluorescence absorption-shift tag (FAST) system was used to characterize promoter strength in C. cellulovorans. Selected promoters were used to establish a CRISPR/Cas system for markerless chromosomal modifications. For stringent control of expression of Cas9, a theophylline-dependent riboswitch was used, and additionally, the anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIA4 was used to reduce the basal activity of the Cas9 in the off-state of the riboswitch. Finally, the newly established CRISPR/Cas system was used for the markerless deletion of the genes encoding two restriction endonucleases of a type II restriction-modification (RS) system from the chromosome of C. cellulovorans. In comparison to the WT, the conjugation efficiency when using the deletion mutant as the recipient strain was improved by about one order of magnitude, without the need for prior C. cellulovorans-specific in vivo methylation of the conjugative plasmid in the E. coli donor strain.Key points• Quantification of heterologous promoters enables rational choice for genetic engineering.• CRISPR/Cas with riboswitch and anti-CRISPR allows efficient gene deletion in C. cellulovorans.• Conjugation protocol and type II REase deletion enhance genetic accessibility.

EMF-PAL: Enhanced Multi-sensor Fusion Algorithm for High-Precision Perception and Localization in Challenging Environments

Abstract This study proposes an enhanced multi-sensor fusion perception and localization algorithm named EMF-PAL, which leverages the strengths of three distinct sensor types to achieve high-precision localization. The algorithm employs a lightweight object detection network to extract semantic information from the environment, which is combined with feature points obtained through parallel bidirectional optical flow tracking. A dual-strategy approach is introduced to identify reliable static feature points, enabling accurate pose estimation. Sensor data is dynamically updated using factor graph optimization to ensure accurate and continuous real-time localization. In the feature preprocessing module, the lightweight object detection algorithm is integrated with Shi-Tomasi corner detection to provide prior information for subsequent object recognition and filtering. Additionally, the high-precision inertial measurement unit (IMU) supplies translation and rotation data, enabling short-term, high-accuracy positioning and motion compensation, effectively reducing misclassification during rapid movements. The Global Navigation Satellite System- Real-time kinematic (GNSS-RTK) provides all-weather, drift-free global localization information without the need for additional transformations, further enhancing the factor graph optimization for position updates and supplying auxiliary data to the IMU. EMF-PAL maximizes the advantages of multiple sensors, making it well-suited for complex environments. Extensive comprehensive experimental validation using real outdoor environment sequences under different environmental conditions is conducted to demonstrate the real-time accuracy of EMF-PAL and its ability to cope with complex environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances localization accuracy by up to 50.3% in chanllenging outdoor environments compared to state-of-the-art(SOTA) algorithms utilizing three-sensor fusion, effectively fulfilling the localization and perception requirements of real-world applications.