Application Of Thin-layer Chromatography Research Articles

Quantitative detection of microcystin-LR in Bellamya aeruginosa by thin-layer chromatography coupled with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy based on in-situ ZIF-67/Ag NPs/Au NWs composite substrate

As a hypertoxic natural toxin, the risk of Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) residues in Bellamya aeruginosa deserves more attention. Herein, employing the conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) technology and a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate, a TLC-SERS chip was fabricated for the purification and quantitative detection of MC-LR in complex samples. The substrate exhibited excellent SERS performance with an enhancement factor of 6.6 × 107, a low detection limit of 2.27 × 10−9 mM for MC-LR, excellent uniformity and reproducibility, as well as a wide linear range. With the application of TLC, the MC-LR was efficiently purified and the concentration was increased to >3 times. Ultimately, recovery rates fluctuated between 93.28% and 101.66% were obtained from the TLC-SERS chip. On balance, the TLC-SERS chip has a robust capacity for achieving rapid and stable quantitative detection of MC-LR, which promises to improve the efficiency of food safety monitoring.

Application of thin-layer chromatography in the assessment of bioactivity properties of isatin derivatives

Application of thin-layer chromatography in the assessment of bioactivity properties of isatin derivatives

Phytochemical fingerprinting and evaluation of in silico anti-thrombotic properties of Justicia adhatoda L. and Cordia dichotoma Frost.

The study aimed to characterize hydro-methanolic (25%) extracts of Justicia adhatoda L. (stem and flower) and Cordia dichotoma Frost. (Stem and fruit) and evaluate the in silico thrombolytic properties of the major phytocompounds present in the plants. In the preliminary fluorescence imaging through treatment by different reagents, both plants were found to be pharmacologically active. Further qualitative screening of phytochemicals, spectroscopy-based techniques, namely, UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FTIR, revealed various classes of compounds such as polyacetylenes, aglycones, quercetin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, alkaloids, chalcones and aurones, flavanols, carotenoids, and flavanones. Further, by the application of Thin Layer Chromatography, phenols and flavonoids, namely Catechol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Lutein, along with other compounds like Chlorophyll b, Glutamic Acid, and Tryptophan were identified from the extracts. Finally, in the molecular docking study, three compounds, Datiscoside and Robinin of C. dichotoma and Daucosterol of J. adhatoda showed high binding energies (-10.224, -9.547 and -9.262 kcal mol-1 respectively) towards the G-protein coupled thrombotic platelet aggregation receptor P2Y1 when compared to that of the control MRS2500 (-7.148 kcal mol-1).

In vitro studies on the cytotoxicity, elastase, and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) extract.

ABSTRACTTomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), a common vegetable in Indonesia, contain high levels of lycopene, which is good for the body. This research further investigates the activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomatoes as elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory, and cytotoxic agents. The extraction procedure used is maceration, fractionation through liquid-liquid fractionation, purification of phytochemical substances is achieved through the application of thin layer chromatography. Elastase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was analyzed using spectrophotometry and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cytotoxic assay. The result showed that the extract yield was 0.004%. The percentage of polar fraction from the extract was 2.58%, while the nonpolar fraction was 0.69%. The elastase inhibitory activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomato extract is 87.21% ± 7.57% and 73.12% ± 7.44%, respectively, The elastase inhibitory activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomato extract is 87.21% ± 7.57% and 73.12% ± 7.44%, respectively. The fractions had higher the anti-elastase activity than the positive control quercetin (65.97% ± 3.00%). The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of polar and nonpolar fractions of tomato extract is 23.71% ± 7.91% and 41.16% ± 5.41% (kojic acid as standard is 65.07% ± 0.86%), respectively. The IC50 of the cytotoxic assay to NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells of the polar and nonpolar fraction of tomato extract is 1820.90 μg/mL and 1643.86 μg/mL, respectively.

Applications of thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis in the analysis of inorganic anions: a review

Applications of thin-layer chromatography and thin-layer electrophoresis in the analysis of inorganic anions: a review

Application of thin layer chromatography for the analytical diagnostics of combined prochlorperazine poisonings

The uncontrolled simultaneous application of prochlorperazine with typical phenothiazine derivatives antipsychotics and other drugs leads to fatal poisonings.Aim. To optimize TLC procedures for the screening examinations in combined poisonings with prochlorperazine and other drugs.Results and discussion. The chromatographic mobility of prochlorperazine, clorpromazine, ibuprofen, trifluoperazine and quetiapine has been studied on two types of plates (HPTLC and TLC). It has been shown that the TLC-systems used (special – for prochlorperazine, general – for screening of phenothiazine derivatives, as well as drug and narcotic substances of the basic nature recommended by the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists) rather effectively separate the substances analyzed in a thin layer of a sorbent, except for trifluoperazine. To detect the adsorption zones of substances, the Lieberman reagent giving different staining, the Dragendorff reagent and irradiation of chromatograms by UV-light (λ = 254 nm) have been proposed. The detection sensitivity is 0.5 – 1.0 μg in the sample. The validation assessment of the methods developed has been carried out by the chromatographic analysis of prochlorperazine model mixtures with each of the substances studied.Experimental part. The studies were carried out on HPTLC plates (silica gel 60G, particle size – 5 – 7 μm, substrate type – glass, Estonia) with 10 × 10 cm in size and Merck plates (silica gel 60G F254, particle size – 10 – 15 μm, substrate type – aluminum foil, Germany) with 10 × 10 cm in size.Conclusions. The TLC-conditions for screening of prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine, ibuprofen, trifluoperazin and quetiapine have been determined; they can be recommended for drugs detection in real samples of biological objects in the case of combined poisoning.Received: 17.02.2020Revised: 15.04.2020Accepted: 29.05.2020

Evaluation of various biological activities of natural compounds by TLC/HPTLC

Over the last years, thin layer chromatography (TLC) has become an increasingly important tool in the analysis of natural compounds, being used not only as a simple method of separation, identification, and quantitative determination of natural constituents, but also as a method for evaluating the potential applications of the separated compounds, different bioassays being compatible with TLC. This is due to the TLC advantages, of which could be mentioned: the possibility to simply, quickly, and flexibly analyze many samples in parallel, without the need for special steps of sample purification, obtaining visual results, and the possibility of multiple detections, all of these being achieved at very low costs. Considering these, the aim of this study is to give an overview on the application of TLC in evaluation of different biological activities of natural compounds, focusing on antioxidant, enzymatic, antimicrobial, and hormonal activities.

Application of Thin-Layer Chromatography in Combination with Densitometry for the Determination of Diclofenac in Enteric Coated Tablets.

Diclofenac belongs to the drug class non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs widely used in Europe as well as all over the world. Thus, it is important to conduct research on its quality control of available pharmaceutical preparations like for example enteric coated tablets. Among various analytical techniques, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is ideal for this task due to their short time analysis, ease of operation and low cost. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop the optimal conditions of analysis and quantitative determination of diclofenac sodium in enteric tablets by using TLC in combination with densitometry. Of all chromatographic systems tested, the best is the one which consists of silica gel 60F254 and cyclohexane: chloroform:methanol:glacial acetic acid (6:3:0.5:0.5 v/v) as the mobile phase, which allows the successful separation of examined diclofenac sodium as active component and the largest number (twelve) of its degradation products as potential impurities of its pharmaceutical products. This indicates that the newly developed method is more effective than previously reported assays by Starek and Krzek. Linearity range was found to be 4.00–18.00 μg/spot for diclofenac sodium. The results of the assay of enteric tablet formulations equals 98.8% of diclofenac sodium in relation to label claim is in a good agreement with pharmaceutical requirements.

Liquid chromatography: Current applications in Heritage Science and recent developments

Abstract Liquid chromatography has been widely employed in the analysis of materials in Heritage Science, due to its ease of use and relatively low-cost, starting from thin layer chromatography of organic binders in paintings, of archaeological waxes and resins, and finally of natural dyes. High performance systems employing analytical columns containing packed stationary phases gradually supplanted thin layer chromatography (TLC) in the field, since the separation, detection and quantitation of specific species contained in a sample in the field of Cultural Heritage requires selective, sensitive and reliable methods, allowing for analysing a wide range of samples, in terms of analyte types and concentration range. Today, the main applications of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in this field are related to the separation and detection of dyestuffs in archaeological materials and paint samples by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with suitable detectors. Proteomics and lipidomics are also gaining momentum in the last decade, thanks to the increased availability of instrumentation and procedures. In this chapter, principles and theory of liquid chromatography will be presented. A short review of the instrumentation needed to perform an analysis will be provided and some general principles of sample preparation revised. More details on the detection systems, the chromatographic set-ups and specific sample treatment strategies will be provided in the individual sections dedicated to the applications to Heritage Science of the main types of liquid chromatographic techniques. In particular, the applications of thin layer chromatography will be shortly described in paragraph 4.1. The applications of Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) will be discussed in detail in paragraph 4.2, including the analysis of natural and synthetic dyes and pigments and the profiling of lipid materials. The possibility to perform proteomic analysis will be presented and a link to the relevant Chapter in this book provided. The most important and promising applications of ion exchange chromatography (IC) will be discussed in paragraph 4.3. Finally, size exclusion and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) will be presented in paragraph 4.4, including applications to the study of polymeric network formation in paint binders, of the phenomena related to the depolymerisation of cellulose in paper and of cellulose and lignin in wood samples. The possibility to study synthetic polymers as artists’ materials and restorers’ tools by size exclusion (SEC) or gel permeation (GPC) will also be introduced. In the conclusions, future perspectives of liquid chromatography in Heritage Science will be briefly discussed.

Thin-layer chromatography in medicinal chemistry

Among widely used chromatographic methods modern thin-layer chromatography is not only the simplest to perform but is also considered as respectable analytical method in various phases of drug discovery and development processes such as monitoring of synthesis, identification of bioactive substances from various natural sources and their isolation and purification, determination of lipophilicity and other physico-chemical parameters, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies, bioautography, as well as qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs and their metabolites. An overview of recently published papers dealing with application of thin-layer chromatography in medicinal chemistry is presented.

Application of Thin-Layer Chromatography for Determination of Residual Monomers in Homo-and Copolymers of N,N,N-Trimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethylammonium Methylsulfate and Acrylamide

A method for determination of residual monomers in homo-and copolymers of acrylamide and N,N,N-trimethyl-N-methacryloyloxyethylammonium methylsulfate by means of thin-layer chromatography has been developed. Efficient eluting systems have been found for separation and identification of the indicated components, and the limits of their quantitative determination in the obtained polymers have been established.

Application of thin layer chromatography for qualitative analysis of gunpowder in purpose of life prediction of ammunition

Application of thin layer chromatography for qualitative analysis of gunpowder in purpose of life prediction of ammunition

Review of thin layer chromatography in pesticide analysis: 2016-2018

Publications reporting techniques and applications of thin layer chromatography (planar chromatography) for the separation, detection, qualitative and quantitative determination, and preparative isolation of pesticides and their metabolites are reviewed for the period from November 1, 2016 to November 1, 2018. Analyses are described for a variety of samples types and pesticide classes. In addition to references on residue analysis, studies such as pesticide chromatographic retention, identification and characterization of natural pesticides (biopesticides), metabolism, bioactivity, degradation, soil mobility, and lipophilicity are covered. A summary and thoughts on future prospects are provided.

Application of thin layer chromatography and color tests in the analysis of metronidazole

Metronidazole belongs to the group of antiprotozoal medicines and is a potential object of research in various areas of analytical toxicology. Aim. To study the metronidazole behavior when developing with color reagents generally accepted and to determine R f values of metronidazole under chromatographing conditions in the solvent systems generally accepted in forensic toxicology. Results and discussion. It has been shown that such widely used color reagents as UV-light, iodine vapor, Wagner reagent, acidified iodoplatinate solution can be used for detecting metronidazole on chromatographic plates. Metronidazole gives positive detection results with reagents used in the TLC-screening of extracts from the biological material for substances of basic, acid and neutral nature. It has been proposed to develop metronidazole with the neutral ninhydrin solution, p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution and hydrochloric acid vapors, as well as acidified iodoplatinate solution after keeping the plates in formalin vapors. The chromatographic mobility of metronidazole has been studied in 17 solvents systems; the systems are used as standard mobile phases according to recommendations of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists for TLC-screening of organic compounds of acid, neutral and basic nature, in the general TLC-screening of organic substances in the Ukrainian forensic toxicological laboratories, and some systems investigated with the purpose of choosing the optimal individual solvents systems for the metronidazole study. Experimental part. The chromatographic plates Sorbfil® PTLC-IIH-UV and Merck® TLC SILICA GEL 60 were used as thin layers. Conclusions. The behavior of metronidazole when developing on TLC-plates with two types of a substrate (plastic and glass) and with/without luminophor (or UV-indicator) with commonly used colored reagents has been studied. The R f values of metronidazole under chromatographing conditions in the standard solvent systems used for TLC-screening of organic compounds of acid, neutral and basic nature have been determined.

Application of Thin Layer Chromatography for Pesticide Detection in Fish Tissues

Application of Thin Layer Chromatography for Pesticide Detection in Fish Tissues

Application of planar chromatographic descriptors to the prediction of physicochemical properties and biological activity of compounds

ABSTRACTA review of applications of thin layer chromatography (TLC) in drug discovery is given. TLC is presented as a tool to determine the solutes physicochemical properties (lipophilicity, dissociation constant, water solubility) and to predict the interactions of drugs with biomembranes, blood-brain barrier permeability, plasma protein binding, volume of distribution, gastric and skin absorption. Results of modeling based on thin layer chromatographic descriptors are correlated with those obtained by other in vitro techniques used to study drug bioavailability (caco-2 cells, Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, liposome partition). Modified stationary phases used to study receptor-drug interactions are also discussed. Some new trends and ideas in TLC chromatography and its applications in the drug discovery process are presented.

Application of thin-layer chromatography to the lipophilicity analysis of selected anticancer quinobenzothiazine derivatives

The aim of this work was the application of thin-layer chromatography to the lipophilicity analysis of selected quinobenzothiazine derivatives. These are newly synthesized compounds, which were previously analyzed taking into consideration biological activity and their antiproliferative activity. Experimental lipophilicity parameters (RM0 and log PTLC) were determined by use of thin-layer chromatography, and also some theoretical values of lipophilicity were calculated by use of computer programs. The correlation between the experimental and the theoretical values of lipophilicity was found. Also, cluster analysis was performed for the data obtained. Phenothiazine derivatives were modified mainly by introduction of substituents into the nitrogen atom of the thiazine ring. The computer programs applied based on different theoretical approaches gave different values of lipophilicity parameters depending on the kind of substituent in the quinobenzothiazine system. None of the computer programs took into cons...

1H-NMR Spectroscopy: A Possible Approach to Advanced Bitumen Characterization for Industrial and Paving Applications

Bitumen has unique chemo-mechanical properties, and for this reason, it is today one of the main constituents of many industrial products beside its common use in highway pavements construction. While the excellent rheological properties of bitumens have been investigated by means of different techniques, much remains to be known about the intrinsic properties of this complex material. It is therefore important to investigate its structure and properties from a closer point of view, towards possible useful modifications of the neat material. The present research developed a technique to investigate the composition of bitumens using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to separate the different fractions, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess and quantify the aliphatic hydrogen part with respect to the aromatic part. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the chemical composition of the materials, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR) analysis was conducted in solution, using CCl4 as solvent, on three different neat bitumens and on their asphaltene and maltene fractions. The combined application of TLC and 1H-NMR spectroscopy enables the advanced characterization of bitumens supplied from different sources or obtained from different processes. This further allows addressing the use of specific modifications according to the bitumen final applications.

A Simple, Sensitive, and Label-Free Platform for the Quantification of Lactoferrin in Camel and Goat Milk Based on Thin-Layer Chromatography

Lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein secreted in most body fluids, especially in milk. It has been identified in many mammalian species, such as human, goat, cow, and camel. Lactoferrin exerts a significant protective biological role by acting as an antimicrobial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory agent. This work describes a simple, sensitive, direct, inexpensive, and label-free method for quantifying lactoferrin in camel and goat milk based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Analysis and quantification of lactoferrin were done through simple protein extraction procedure followed by subjecting the obtained extract to TLC using RP-18 TLC silica gel plates and a ternary mobile phase composed of 2-propanol: TFA: water (40:5:55, v:v:v). Densitometric detection was carried out at 250 nm. The proposed method showed linear calibration curves over the range of 10.0–205.0 µg/mL. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were found to be 3.50 and 10.0 µg/mL, respectively. The method was fully validated according to the ICH guidelines. The average lactoferrin concentrations in camel and goat milk were determined as 29.70 ± 0.69 and 38.12 ± 0.53 μg/mL, respectively. The reliability of the assay was demonstrated through direct comparison with a previously reported high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for lactoferrin analysis. The presented study represents the first report for the application of TLC in quantifying lactoferrin in natural extracts.

Chiral thin-layer chromatography in dynamic studies: A short review

Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a simple, cost-effective, and robust analytical technique, very useful in various different application fields like, e.g., fast screening and quality control of pharmaceuticals, phytochemicals, and alimentary products. Its versatility to a large extent owes to the seminal works of the late Professor Edward Soczewinski and, in the first instance, to the rationale implemented to liquid chromatography by the Soczewinski‒ Wachtmeister and the Snyder‒Soczewinski equations. Among the most challenging applications of TLC, one can name the enantioresolution of the racemic and scalemic mixtures and a statement that the chiral TLC in this particular respect outperforms the instrumentally more advanced chromatographic techniques is far from being an exaggeration. In the course of the past ca. 12 years, the authors of this paper have extensively investigated — mostly by means of chiral TLC — the enantioresolution of the low molecular weight carboxylic acids, to discover by sheer luck that all of them spontaneously undergo an oscillatory process, i.e., chiral conversion. Later, they collected abundant experimental evidence that the oscillatory chiral conversion is accompanied by the oscillatory condensation. Herewith, we highlight applications of the chiral TLC to demonstrate the dynamic phenomenon of the spontaneous oscillatory chiral conversion with the low molecular weight carboxylic acids.