Application Of Sulfate Research Articles

Cerebral metastasis of transmissible venereal tumor after effective chemotherapy in a dog

A male mixed breed street dog (age unknown) presented with an ocular mass and multiple ulcerated subcutaneous nodules on both hind limbs which bled easily when touched. Inspection of the genital organs revealed that no masses were present. The ocular mass and nodules were diagnosed as a transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) by fine-needle aspiration cytology. The total remission of the tumor was achieved after 5 applications of vincristine sulfate. The dog was adopted during the remission period, but 5 months after adoption he developed neurological signs and died. The necropsy revealed a mass located in the trunk of the corpus callosum of the right hemisphere of the brain. The cytological, histological, and PCR findings of the brain mass were consistent with a TVT. These findings highlight the need to consider the aggressive metastatic potential of canine TVT, even after apparently effective chemotherapy.

Effects of dissolved organic phase composition and salinity on the engineered sulfate application in a flow-through system

Engineered sulfate application has been proposed as an effective remedy to enhance the rate-limited biodegradation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated subsurface environments, but the effects of dissolved organic phase composition and salinity on the efficiency of this method are unknown. A series of flow-through experiments were conducted for 150 days and dissolved benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were injected under sulfate-reducing and three different salinity conditions for 80 pore volumes. Then, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were omitted from the influent solution and just dissolved benzene and toluene were injected to investigate the influence of dissolved phase composition on treatment efficiency. A stronger sorption capacity for PAHs was observed and the retardation of the injected organic compounds followed the order of benzene < toluene < naphthalene < 1-methylnaphthalene. Mass balance analyses indicated that 50 and 15% of toluene and 1-methlynaphtalene were degraded, respectively. Around 5% of the injected naphthalene degraded after injecting > 60 PVs influent solution, and benzene slightly degraded following the removal of PAH compounds. The results showed substrate interactions and composition can result in rate-limited and insufficient biodegradation. Similar reducing conditions and organic utilization were observed for different salinity conditions in the presence of the multi-component dissolved organic phase. This was attributed to the dominant microbial community involved in toluene degradation that exerted catabolic repression on the simultaneous utilization of other organic compounds and were not susceptible to changes in salinity.

Sulfate application decreases translocation of arsenic and cadmium within wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant

Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) typically exhibit divergent fates in soil, which complicates efforts to decrease As and Cd accumulation in the edible parts of crops. Here, we performed pot experiments to examine the effect of sulfate application on As and Cd accumulation in the grain of wheat grown in contaminated soil. Compared to the control (no sodium sulfate addition), application of 120 mg kg−1 sodium sulfate decreased the rhizosphere soil pH from 7.27 to 7.10 and increased the soil extractable Cd concentration; however, it did not significantly influence the soil extractable As concentration. However, sodium sulfate addition decreased As and Cd concentrations in wheat grain, in association with decreased As and Cd translocation from root and straw to grain, rather than from soil to root. Furthermore, sodium sulfate addition significantly decreased membrane lipid peroxidation and enhanced photosynthesis, while increasing the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These effects increased the growth and grain weight of plants grown in As and Cd co-contaminated soil. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which sulfate modulates As and Cd uptake and translocation in wheat; moreover, our findings will enable formulation of strategies to decrease As and Cd concentrations in the grain of wheat grown in As and Cd co-contaminated soil.

Rice nitrogen uptake as affected by different nitrogen application depths

ABSTRACT Subsoil nitrogen (N) can contribute to rice (Oryza sativa L.) nutrition and affect its response to N fertilization. The N recovery by depth for flooded rice using 15N was evaluated in three undisturbed soils (varying in their physical and chemical properties) in a greenhouse experiment. Rice was grown after 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate application at the soil surface and at 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.45 m depths. The N located at greater depths was absorbed over time, resulting in a similar 15N concentration in leaves among treatments at rice heading. The N-fertilizer application at the near soil surface resulted in higher dry matter production for all soils, with a constant decrease with depth. Although, 15N recovery and N derived from fertilizer were greater with N application at 0.10, 0.20, or 0.30 m depth, probably due to N dilution effect caused by soil N and greater N loss at the soil surface. The intensity of 15N recovery from 0.45 m was related to soil properties, such as hydraulic conductivity. Even later in the season, rice plants effectively used N from subsoil layers, therefore greater soil depths should be considered in studies regarding correlation and calibration of soil-based N tests for N-fertilizer recommendations.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclampsia and eclampsia: The role of hypomagnesemia

PurposePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), defined by its clinical and imaging manifestations, is a critical maternal complication. The specific pathophysiological mechanism of PRES has not been fully elucidated and remains controversial. Recently, several case studies reported that hypomagnesemia is present in the acute phase of PRES regardless of its etiology. Moreover, magnesium sulfate is a conventional treatment for preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia; therefore, we hypothesized that hypomagnesemia might play an important role in the cascades involved in PRES in PE or eclampsia. MethodWe consecutively collected PE and eclampsia patients who were examined via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tested for magnesium levels between January 2013 and January 2017. All patients were grouped into PRES and non-PRES groups based on MRI results. Demographic data, magnesium levels and imaging features were collected retrospectively. ResultsA total of 72 patients met the inclusion criteria; these participants were sorted into PRES (n = 38) and non-PRES (n = 34) groups. Twenty-four patients (63%) in the PRES group and 2 patients (6%) in the non-PRES group presented hypomagnesemia. Moreover, magnesium levels were significantly lower in the PRES group during both the acute phase (p < 0.001) and the post-phase (p = 0.04) than in the non-PRES group. However, there was no correlation between magnesium levels and edema severity during the acute phase. ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that hypomagnesemia frequently occurs in the acute phase of obstetric PRES and suggest a potential relationship between them. Such a connection would support the application of magnesium sulfate in PE and eclampsia patients to prevent PRES. However, additional randomized trials are needed.

PENGARUH BIOCHAR TONGKOL JAGUNG DIPERKAYA AMONIUM SULFAT [(NH4)2SO4] TERHADAP KEMANTAPAN AGREGAT TANAH, BEBERAPA SIFAT KIMIA TANAH DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG

Soil fertility is the ability of soil to supply nutrient for plant. The availability of nutrients in soil is one of factors to support the success of plant growth. The addition of corn cob biochar with ammonium sulfate increases the availability of nutrients in soil. Soil conditioner is natural compound that can improve soil fertility so it can support the plant growth. The treatments tested were application of ammonium sulfate in corn cob biochar, biochar, NPK, manure, and control. The doses of fertilizers were urea 120 g/plot, TSP 240 g/plot, KCl 160 g/plot, manure 5 kg/plot, corn cob biochar 8 kg/plot, and the addition of ammonium sulfate in corn cob biochar 8 kg/plot. The parameters observed were soil aggregate stability, pH, C-organic, CEC, and total-N. Plant growth was measured based on plant height and leaf. The results showed that biochar treatment with ammonium sulfate had the best outcome and was able to improve soil aggregate stability up to 56%, pH 14%, C-organic 24.8%, CEC 57%, and total-N up to 18%. Besides, this treatment had the best result to the plant height in second week up to 50%, forth week 20%, sixth week 42%, eight weeks 46% and tenth week 40%. Enhancement of total leaf was up to 37% in second week, 22% in fourth week, 44% in sixth week, 35% in eighth week and 29% in tenth week.

Effect of different sources and levels of sulphur on growth parameters of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)

A field experiment conducted on sunflower during kharif of 2016 in vertisol under rainfed condition at Main Agriculture Research Station, Raichur revealed that Among the different sources of sulphur, significantly higher plant height (184.10 and 185.66 cm) and number of leaves (22.37 and 17.68) was observed with ammonium sulphate as a source of sulphur at 60 DAS and at harvest over other sources of sulphur. Among different levels of sulphur significantly higher plant height and number of leaves were recorded with 45 kg S ha-1 (L3) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest. At 60 DAS, among various sources of sulphur, application of ammonium sulphate (102.97 g) recorded significantly higher dry matter compared to gypsum (95.17g) and elemental sulphur (89.73 g) but statistically on par with SSP (99.78 g). At harvest, similar trend was observed as followed at 60 DAS.

Effect of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate on soil nutrient status of guava orchard CV. Hisar Safeda under high density planting

The investigation was carried out at Research Orchard of Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The application of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 was made to randomly selected uniform plants during mid of February and August. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was reduced in the soil by both zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate applications. The soil samples receiving 30 g ferrous sulphate resulted in maximum iron content, which was closely followed by 20 g ferrous sulphate application per plant. Application of 90 g zinc sulphate resulted in maximum zinc content in soil, which was at par with 60 g zinc sulphate. Values for electrical conductivity, pH and organic carbon content did not vary significantly after application of zinc sulphate and ferrous sulphate.

Impact of Foliar Application of Boron and Zinc on Growth, Quality and Seed Yield of Okra

The experiment was carried out in the field of Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur to evaluate the effect of foliar application of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) on growth, yield attributes, quality and seed yield of okra. The experiment was planned with 16 treatment combinations comprising four levels each of B (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% borax, respectively) and Zn (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% zinc sulphate, respectively) along with the blanket dose of fertilizers of N, P, K, S and cow dung at 120, 40, 80, 20 and 10000 kg ha-1, respectively were used in all treatments. The two factor experiment was laid out in the randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that the foliar application of boron and zinc either single or in combination had significant effect on yield, yield attributes and quality of okra seed. Most of the yield attributes of okra were significantly increased by the combined foliar application of borax and zinc sulphate up to 0.2% borax and 0.2% zinc sulphate. The highest seed yield (2.52 t ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of 0.2% borax and 0.2% zinc sulphate followed by the treatment combination of 0.2% borax and 0.3% zinc sulphate. The highest oil content (16%) in seed was also produced from the same treatment (0.2% borax and 0.2% zinc sulphate). The improved protein content (17.75%) was found in combination of 0.1% borax and 0.3% zinc sulphate. The combined foliar applications of zinc and boron fertilizers were detected superior to their single application. The results suggest that the combination of 0.2% borax and 0.2% zinc sulphate could be used as foliar for seed yield maximization of okra. Hence, the foliar fertilization rates of zinc sulphate should be increased for okra production.

Influence of drought stress and application of ammonium sulfate on quality of rapeseed oil

Influence of drought stress and application of ammonium sulfate on quality of rapeseed oil

Influence of drought stress and application of ammonium sulfate on quality of rapeseed oil

Nowadays, drought stress is one of the most highlighted consequences of global warming, resulting in various environmental and economic drawbacks in the planting systems of important oil seed crops, p

Calcium sulfate applications in dentistry: A literature review

Calcium sulfate (CS) is a ubiquitous compound that has been incorporated in several medical and dental procedures. This can be attributed to its many advantageous characteristics, including being resorbable as well as its biocompatibility. Primarily, it was used to help treat a variety of osseous defects by acting as a bone substitute. Due to its unique properties, other therapeutic applications have been identified. Whilst the outcomes of these applications are varied, they have shown to be beneficial within the disciplines of endodontics, periodontics and oral & maxillofacial surgery. The aim of this review is to thoroughly discuss CS including its characteristics, chemical and physical properties, and known relative indications in dentistry. Clinical studies reporting the outcomes of CS for particular treatment modalities are further analyzed and discussed.

Combined Effect of Ferrous Ion and Biochar on Cadmium and Arsenic Accumulation in Rice

Excessive accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) poses a potential health risk to populations. Cd and As exhibit opposite geochemical behavior in paddy soil, using appropriate remediation materials to reduce their migration and inhibit their uptake by rice is a great challenge. A pot culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of application of silkworm excrement biochar (BC) and ferrous sulfate (Fe(II)) on available Cd and As in paddy soils and their uptake by rice. Results showed that the application of BC + Fe significantly accelerated the tillering of rice plants, and the addition of BC alone to soil did not have a significant effect on the pH of soil, while applied 1% (w/w) BC and 1% (w/w) Fe(II) (1BC-1 Fe(II)) treatment could markedly reduce the soil pH. BC+Fe(II) could reduce the content of available Cd (reduced by 10%–23%) and As (reduced by 6%–33%) in soil. BC+Fe(II) has a distinct decreasing effect on the available As, thus inhibiting As uptake in rice tissues, and the effect was more obvious with an increasing mass ratio of Fe in BC+Fe(II) treatment. BC+Fe(II) decreased bioaccumulation factors (BF) of As compared to control and BC alone treatments. Compared with As, Cd was more readily transferred from the root to the shoot and accumulated in rice eventually. These findings provide a safe and reliable remediation strategy though application of BC+Fe(II) in Cd and As co-contaminated soil. However, the improvement effect of amendments should be paid a special attention on soil pH.

Symbiotic Parameters, Growth, Productivity and Profitability of Chickpea as Influenced by Zinc Sulphate and Urea Application

The present investigation was undertaken with objectives of studying the effect of soil and foliar applied zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and foliar application of urea on symbiotic characters, growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield and economics in chickpea. A 2-year field experiment was conducted with six zinc sulphate and three urea application treatments. In the case of foliar applications, both ZnSO4 (0.5%) and urea (2%) were sprayed to foliage at flowering and flowering + pod formation stages. The maximum plant height, number of branches, chlorophyll content, number and dry weight of nodules, leghaemoglobin content, yield attributes, grain yield (1935 and 1955 kg ha−1 in first and second year of study), net returns (US$ 722.71 and 855.71 ha−1) and benefit cost ratio (1.40 and 1.63) were recorded with soil application of ZnSO4 (25 kg ha−1) at sowing + foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) at flowering and pod formation stages. Foliar spray of ZnSO4 (0.5%) alone at flowering + pod formation stages was also equally effective in improving these parameters. Urea spray (2%) at flowering + pod formation stages resulted in the highest symbiotic parameters, growth attributes, yield attributes, grain yield (1920 and 1939 kg ha−1), net returns (US$ 720.22 and 851.59 ha−1) and B/C ratio (1.41 and 1.65) which remained statistically similar with foliar spray of urea (2%) at flowering stage alone. The application of zinc sulphate and urea deserves a special attention for increasing productivity and profitability of chickpea.

Integrated Nutrient Management for Eggplant: Yield and Quality Models through Artificial Neural Network

ABSTRACT Eggplant is a preferred vegetable for its nutritional quality and taste. India is the second largest eggplant producer in the world, but the productivity is far below the global average. The present experiment was conducted at the Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India (23°N, 89°E, characteristically Aeric Haplaquept) for consecutive three years to assess the role of selected biofertilizer (Azospirillum, phosphate solubilizing bacteria or PSB) and micronutrient-fertilizer (iron sulfate, zinc sulfate and borax) application in augmenting yield and quality of eggplant (cv. F1-hybrid VNR-60). The experiment was laid out in a thrice replicated factorial randomized block design. Along with regular chemical fertilizers, application of bacterial fertilizers, alone as well as in combination with micronutrients, significantly improved the yield (13.10–15.35 t ha−1) over the control (9.83–12.39 t ha−1). Eggplant yield and quality models developed through artificial neutral network showed that fruit phosphorus (P) concentration was most important factor toward yield prediction followed by zinc (Zn) and soil available iron (Fe) concentration, respectively. Fruit nitrogen (N) concentration showed the highest sensitivity followed by soil available boron (B) and fruit potassium (K) concentration toward protein content. Application of B emerged to be most beneficial along with Azospirillum and PSB in attaining best yield, soil nutrient availabilities and plant nutritional recoveries.

Ameliorating the deleterious effects of saline water on the antioxidants defense system and yield of eggplant using foliar application of zinc sulphate

To alleviate the harmful effects of NaCl salinity on the development, antioxidants defense system and yield of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) using foliar application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4), a pot experiment was conducted during two summer seasons 2017 and 2018 at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University. Eight treatments were the combination of two sodium chloride levels of irrigation water 0 and 100 mM, and four levels of ZnSO4 0, 0.7, 1.5 and 3 mM. Results indicated that, under 100 mM NaCl concentration of the macronutrients (N, K, Mg and Ca) in leaves significantly decreased, while sodium concentration increased in both leaves and fruits which led to an increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) which in turn reflecting on the reduction of vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, flowers number, fruits number, fruit setting and total yield of eggplant in both seasons. The foliar application of ZnSO4 alleviated the adverse effects of salinity by stimulating the growth, antioxidants defense system in the form of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total soluble sugars, proline, free amino acids and total soluble protein, which enhanced the flowers number, fruits number, fruit setting and total fruits yield. The most effective application that antagonized the adverse effects of salinity stress was 1.5 mM ZnSO4.

Extraction of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate from marine biomass for their application in the treatment of the dry eye disease

AbstractPurposeTear film instability, hyperosmolarity and neurosensory abnormality are the key etiological contributors to the pathophysiological process of the Dry Eye Disease (DED).1 Hyaluronic acid (HA) and Chondroitin sulfate (CS) have shown improvements in the corneal epithelial barrier in patients with DED.2 Moreover they are used in pharmaceutical applications due to their biocompatibility, viscoelasticity, lubricity and immunostimulatory effects. In this study, they are extracted from marine wastes and will be evaluated as possible DED treatment using natural, green and novel Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) to replace time‐consuming and expensive conventional methods and maintaining the quality and purity of the isolated HA and CS. Natural compounds such as menthol and trehalose, are used in DES preparation and have shown to be effective in DED treatment.3,4MethodsHA and CS are isolated from marine wastes using conventional methods and DES as low‐cost alternative technique. DES are prepared by heating and mixing the components at certain ratios. They are mixed with the marine sources at specific extraction conditions. The extracts are then enzymatically hydrolyzed and analyzed by HPLC and capillary electrophoresis to quantify HA and CS.ResultsHA and CS are extracted from mussels, codfish bones and furtherly tuna eyeballs and shark fins using DES. Several DES were tested such as menthol:borneol, menthol:camphor, trehalose:glycerol, and significant amounts of HA and CS were extracted with high specificity. For example, 37.92 µg/gdry codfish bones CS disaccharide (ΔHexAβ1‐3GalNAc4S) were extracted using menthol:borneol.ConclusionDES are effective compounds for the extraction of valuable biopolymers HA and CS. The isolated HA and CS, as well as their therapeutic mixture with DES will be studied in vitro on conjunctival and corneal epithelial human cell lines to assess their toxicity, biocompatibility, muco‐adhesion and anti‐oxidant effects for the treatment of the DED.References Craig, Jennifer P., et al. “TFOS DEWS II report executive summary.” The Ocular Surface 15.4 (2017): 802‐812. Limberg, Michael B., et al. “Topical application of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of dry eyes.” American journal of ophthalmology 103.2 (1987): 194‐197. Arita, Reiko, et al. “Effects of a warm compress containing menthol on the tear film in healthy subjects and dry eye patients.” Scientific reports 7 (2017): 45848. Fondi, Klemens, et al. “Effect of Hyaluronic Acid/Trehalose in Two Different Formulations on Signs and Symptoms in Patients with Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease.” Journal of ophthalmology 2018 (2018).

Effect of zinc sulfate application on grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chamran under terminal heat stress conditions in Ahvaz

Effect of zinc sulfate application on grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Chamran under terminal heat stress conditions in Ahvaz

Efficacy of non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis on an organic dairy farm

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis (DD) on an organic certified dairy farm. A randomized clinical trial was conducted using 70 multiparous Holstein cows with an early DD lesion at a USDA certified organic dairy farm in Northern Colorado, USA. Cows were enrolled in the study based on the presence of early DD lesions (scores M1 and M2) and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: (1) topical application of copper sulfate and iodine (CUI); (2) topical application of honey and iodine (HOI); and (3) control subject to no treatment (CON). Cows were evaluated at enrolment and on days 3, 12, 28, and 120 post treatment for pain and lesion size and received a locomotion and a lesion score. Cure was defined as the transition from active to non-active stages (M1/M2 to M0 or M4).The formulations had variable effects on the treatment of DD. The cure rate was numerically higher for CUI on all follow up days. The proportion of cows experiencing pain on d3 after treatment was greater in CON, followed by HOI and CUI. However, this proportion increased in HOI during the follow up period. The CUI group had a greater reduction in lesion size and larger lesions persisted in HOI. Non-antibiotic treatment formulations were partially effective in the treatment of DD in organic dairy cows: The two non-antibiotic formulations resulted in an earlier transition to mature lesions compared with the control group. The CUI combination was the most effective treatment in reducing lesion size, pain, and lameness in affected cows. However, this combination had short-term efficacy, which did not persist throughout the duration of the study. The HOI combination produced only transient reduction in lesion size.

Effects of operating parameters on algae Chlorella vulgaris biomass harvesting and lipid extraction using metal sulfates as flocculants

Flocculation is regarded as an effective, convenient and promising means for microalgal harvesting of microalgal biomass. In this study three types of metal sulfates (aluminum sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate and ferric sulfate) were applied as flocculants to harvest microalgae Chlorella vulgaris biomass. The optimal operating parameters such as dosage, rotation speed, flocculation time and sedimentation time during microalgal biomass harvesting were determined, and the effects of metal sulfate application as flocculants on lipid extraction were investigated. The results showed that the optimal dosage for the three flocculants to harvest microalgal biomass was identically 2.5 g L−1, and the optimal rotation speeds for coagulation and flocculation were 150 and 25 rpm, respectively, while the flocculation time of 10 min was found to be appropriate. The findings also suggested that metal residuals in flocculated biomass would affect lipid extraction, resulting in 5.9%, 4.4% and 3.3% reduction of lipid contents for aluminum sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate and ferrous sulfate, respectively. The contribution of this study lies in the provision of the optimal operating parameters during the microalgal biomass flocculation, thus potentially offering the technical guidance for the harvesting of microalgal biomass using metal sulfates as flocculants in practice.