Applications In Nanobiotechnology Research Articles

Antimicrobial efficiency of garlic (Allium sativum) leaf derived copper nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria

Present study deals with synthesizing CuNPs from Garlic (Allium sativum) plants leaf and investigates its antibacterial activity against different bacteria. CuNPs was synthesized by Herbal method. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by XRD, FTIR and UV-spectroscopy method. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion, well diffusion method and MIC. This green synthesis method is alternative to chemical methods, since it is cheap, pollutant free and eco-friendly. Thus the obtained CuNPs demonstrated remarkable antibacterial activity against three human pathogenic bacteria when used in combination with commercially available antibiotics. CuNPs have become an important approach for applications in nanobiotechnology in the development of antibiotic treatment of different bacterial infections.

Immobilization of Concanavalin A on iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Effect of Bovine Serum Albumin in the recognition interactions of the lectin

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles are engaging platforms for diverse nanobiotechnological applications, such as proteins separation and glico-biosensing mediated by the surface functionalization with lectins as recognition elements. We present a new strategy for the union of the lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) at the surface of carboxylated iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (IOMNPs-Ar-COOH). The nanoparticles were obtained by a single step synthesis in the presence of the aryl diazonium salt derived from 4-aminobenzoic acid. The spontaneous grafting allowed to obtain carboxylic acid covalently functionalized magnetite nanoparticles with the carboxylate group exposed to the solution, as was evidenced through the exhaustive characterization by XRD, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and TEM analysis. The nanoparticles of Fe3O4 of (6.6 ± 0.7) nm diameter exhibited good magnetic field responsiveness towards an external magnet and stability towards the environmental oxidation. The carboxylic acid groups exposed were used for the conjugation with ConA and participated in its adsorption onto the surface. The ability of ConA to recognize the glycoprotein Glucose Oxidase (GOx) was analyzed in real time by surface plasmon resonance. These results were correlated with the responses obtained by electrochemical methods (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry). Considering the possible applications of this nanomaterial, we also evaluate the effect of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in the recognition capability of ConA. Our work let us to conclude that although ConA does not specifically recognize BSA, this protein alters the affinity of ConA for GOx giving an interesting vision of the behaviour of this hybrid nanomaterial in physiological mediums or other matrixes with high concentration of proteins where this nanomaterial could be employed e.g., in a biosensor or the separation of a glycoprotein, among others.

Influence of particle architecture on the photoluminescence properties of silica-coated CdSe core/shell quantum dots.

Light-emitting nanoparticles like semiconductor nanocrystals (termed quantum dots, QDs) are promising candidates for biosensing and bioimaging applications based on their bright and stable photoluminescent properties. As high-quality QDs are often synthesized in organic solvents, strategies needed to be developed to render them water-dispersible without affecting their optical properties and prevent changes in postmodification steps like the biofunctionalization with antibodies or DNA. Despite a large number of studies on suitable surface modification procedures, the preparation of water-soluble QDs for nanobiotechnology applications still presents a challenge. To highlight the advantages of surface silanization, we systematically explored the influence of the core/multishell architecture of CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs and the silanization conditions on the optical properties of the resulting silanized QDs. Our results show that the optical properties of silica-coated CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs are best preserved in the presence of a thick CdS (6 monolayers (ML)) intermediate shell, providing a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY), and a relatively thick ZnS (4.5 ML) external shell, effectively shielding the QDs from the chemical changes during silica coating. In addition to the QD core/shell architecture, other critical parameters of the silica-coating process, that can have an influence on the optical properties of the QD, include the choice of the surfactant and its concentration used for silica coating. The highest PL QY of about 46% was obtained by a microemulsion silica-coating procedure with the surfactant Brij L4, making these water-dispersible QDs to well-suited optical reporters in future applications like fluorescence immunoassays, biomedicine, and bioimaging.

Ultrasmall Manganese Ferrites for In Vivo Catalase Mimicking Activity and Multimodal Bioimaging.

Manganese ferrite nanoparticles display interesting features in bioimaging and catalytic therapies. They have been recently used in theranostics as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and as catalase-mimicking nanozymes for hypoxia alleviation. These promising applications encourage the development of novel synthetic procedures to enhance the bioimaging and catalytic properties of these nanomaterials simultaneously. Herein, a cost-efficient synthetic microwave method is developed to manufacture ultrasmall manganese ferrite nanoparticles as advanced multimodal contrast agents in MRI and positron emission tomography (PET), and improved nanozymes. Such a synthetic method allows doping ferrites with Mn in a wide stoichiometric range (Mnx Fe3-x O4 , 0.1 ≤ x≤ 2.4), affording a library of nanoparticles with different magnetic relaxivities and catalytic properties. These tuned magnetic properties give rise to either positive or dual-mode MRI contrast agents. On the other hand, higher levels of Mn doping enhance the catalytic efficiency of the resulting nanozymes. Finally, through their intracellular catalase-mimicking activity, these ultrasmall manganese ferrite nanoparticles induce an unprecedented tumor growth inhibition in a breast cancer murine model. All of these results show the robust characteristics of these nanoparticles for nanobiotechnological applications.

Ferritin: A Promising Nanoreactor and Nanocarrier for Bionanotechnology.

The essence of bionanotechnology lies in the application of nanotechnology/nanomaterials to solve the biological problems. Quantum dots and nanoparticles hold potential biomedical applications, but their inherent problems such as low solubility and associated toxicity due to their interactions at nonspecific target sites is a major concern. The self-assembled, thermostable, ferritin protein nanocages possessing natural iron scavenging ability have emerged as a potential solution to all the above-mentioned problems by acting as nanoreactor and nanocarrier. Ferritins, the cellular iron repositories, are hollow, spherical, symmetric multimeric protein nanocages, which sequester the excess of free Fe(II) and synthesize iron biominerals (Fe2O3·H2O) inside their ∼5-8 nm central cavity. The electrostatics and dynamics of the pore residues not only drives the natural substrate Fe2+ inside ferritin nanocages but also uptakes a set of other metals ions/counterions during in vitro synthesis of nanomaterial. The current review aims to report the recent developments/understanding on ferritin structure (self-assembly, surface/pores electrostatics, metal ion binding sites) and chemistry occurring inside these supramolecular protein cages (protein mediated metal ion uptake and mineralization/nanoparticle formation) along with its surface modification to exploit them for various nanobiotechnological applications. Furthermore, a better understanding of ferritin self-assembly would be highly useful for optimizing the incorporation of nanomaterials via the disassembly/reassembly approach. Several studies have reported the successful engineering of these ferritin protein nanocages in order to utilize them as potential nanoreactor for synthesizing/incorporating nanoparticles and as nanocarrier for delivering imaging agents/drugs at cell specific target sites. Therefore, the combination of nanoscience (nanomaterials) and bioscience (ferritin protein) projects several benefits for various applications ranging from electronics to medicine.

Fast microwave heating-based one-step synthesis of DNA and RNA modified gold nanoparticles

DNA/RNA-gold nanoparticle (DNA/RNA-AuNP) nanoprobes have been widely employed for nanobiotechnology applications. Here, we discover that both thiolated and non-thiolated DNA/RNA can be efficiently attached to AuNPs to achieve high-stable spherical nucleic acid (SNA) within minutes under a domestic microwave (MW)-assisted heating-dry circumstance. Further studies show that for non-thiolated DNA/RNA the conjugation is poly (T/U) tag dependent. Spectroscopy, test strip hybridization, and loading counting experiments indicate that low-affinity poly (T/U) tag mediates the formation of a standing-up conformation, which is distributed in the outer layer of SNA structure. In further application studies, CRISPR/Cas9-sgRNA (136 bp), SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragment (1278 bp), and rolling circle amplification (RCA) DNA products (over 1000 bp) can be successfully attached on AuNPs, which overcomes the routine methods in long-chain nucleic acid-AuNP conjugation, exhibiting great promise in biosensing and nucleic acids delivery applications. Current heating-dry strategy has improved traditional DNA/RNA-AuNP conjugation methods in simplicity, rapidity, cost, and universality.

Lab-on-chip microscope platform for electro-manipulation of a dense microtubules network

Pulsed electric field (PEF) technology is promising for the manipulation of biomolecular components and has potential applications in biomedicine and bionanotechnology. Microtubules, nanoscopic tubular structures self-assembled from protein tubulin, serve as important components in basic cellular processes as well as in engineered biomolecular nanosystems. Recent studies in cell-based models have demonstrated that PEF affects the cytoskeleton, including microtubules. However, the direct effects of PEF on microtubules are not clear. In this work, we developed a lab-on-a-chip platform integrated with a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope system to elucidate the PEF effects on a microtubules network mimicking the cell-like density of microtubules. The designed platform enables the delivery of short (microsecond-scale), high-field-strength (le 25 kV/cm) electric pulses far from the electrode/electrolyte interface. We showed that microsecond PEF is capable of overcoming the non-covalent microtubule bonding force to the substrate and translocating the microtubules. This microsecond PEF effect combined with macromolecular crowding led to aggregation of microtubules. Our results expand the toolbox of bioelectronics technologies and electromagnetic tools for the manipulation of biomolecular nanoscopic systems and contribute to the understanding of microsecond PEF effects on a microtubule cytoskeleton.

Narcissistic Self-Sorting of Amphiphilic Collagen-Inspired Peptides in Supramolecular Vesicular Assembly.

Herein, we describe the hierarchical self-assembly accompanying self-sorting of collagen-inspired peptides (CPs). The two amphiphilic CPs used in this study contained an azobenzene (Az) moiety at the N-terminal, connected through a flexible spacer, but with different lengths of the (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n triplet (n = 5 and 7). When the CP aqueous solution (60 °C) was cooled to 4 °C, both CPs formed a triple helix structure and the pre-organized helices subsequently self-assembled into highly ordered vesicles with a diameter of 50-200 nm. Interestingly, narcissistic self-sorting was observed in both triple helix- and matured vesicle-formation processes, when the two CPs were mixed. Owing to the difference in the propensity for triple helix formation with temperature, the two CPs discriminate each other in response to a temperature change and form two kinds of triple helix foldamers, each containing a single component. The resulting differences in the amphiphilic balance and molecular length between the foldamers appear to allow individual self-sorting to form distinct vesicles. Furthermore, such vesicular assemblies were found to disassemble upon UV irradiation via trans-cis isomerization of the Az-groups. These findings offer important insights into the design of new complex but ordered, peptide self-assembly systems with potential applications in nanobiotechnology.

Hydrothermal Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Cutting of Graphene by Potassium Superoxide.

The dual use of potassium superoxide (KO2) to unzip multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and cut graphene under hydrothermal conditions is described in this work. The KO2-assisted hydrothermal treatment was proven to be a high-yield method for forming graphene nanoribbons and dots or sub-micro-sized graphene nanosheets. Starting with functionalized MWCNTs, the method produces water-dispersible graphene nanoribbons with characteristic photoluminescence depending on their width. Using pristine graphene, the hydrothermal treatment with KO2 produces nanosized graphene sheets and graphene quantum dots with diameters of less than 10 nm. The latter showed a bright white photoluminescence. The effective hydrothermal unzipping of MWNTs and the cutting of large graphene nanosheets is a valuable top-down approach for the preparation of graphene nanoribbons and small nanographenes. Both products with limited dimensions have interesting applications in nanoelectronics and bionanotechnology.

Nucleic acid paranemic structures: a promising building block for functional nanomaterials in biomedical and bionanotechnological applications.

Over the past few decades, DNA has been recognized as a powerful self-assembling material capable of crafting supramolecular nanoarchitectures with quasi-angstrom precision, which promises various applications in the fields of materials science, nanoengineering, and biomedical science. Notable structural features include biocompatibility, biodegradability, high digital encodability by Watson-Crick base pairing, nanoscale dimension, and surface addressability. Bottom-up fabrication of complex DNA nanostructures relies on the design of fundamental DNA motifs, including parallel (PX) and antiparallel (AX) crossovers. However, paranemic or PX motifs have not been thoroughly explored for the construction of DNA-based nanostructures compared to AX motifs. In this review, we summarize the developments of PX-based DNA nanostructures, highlight the advantages as well as challenges of PX-based assemblies, and give an overview of the structural and chemical features that lend their utilization in a variety of applications. The works presented cover PX-based DNA nanostructures in biological systems, dynamic systems, and biomedical contexts. The possible future advances of PX structures and applications are also summarized, discussed, and postulated.

Magnetically active iron oxide nanoparticles for catalysis of organic transformations: A review

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) are an efficient retrievable catalytic system recognized for their broad applications in numerous fields, including pharmaceutical, nanobiotechnology, and many more. Eco-friendly reusable, inexpensive, superparamagnetic nano sizes are the main reasons for its use in various fields. Several examples are available in the literature wherein MIONPs have been exploited as efficient nanocatalysts for organic transformations. There is no review available focusing on MIONPs catalyzed organic transformation except for coupling reactions only. Thus, the present review article focuses on the compendious account of various MIONPs reported catalyzing organic transformation, including synthesis of bioactive compounds, C–C, C–N, C–O, C–S, and S–S coupling, C–H arylation, hydroboration of styrene, oxidation of m-cresol and Friedel-Crafts benzoylation reactions. In addition, the synthetic routes employed to date for modification and functionalization of MIONPs for making them suitable for catalysis have been discussed in detail with schematic illustrations. The future of catalysis lies in the lucid design and construction of the novel, highly active, and reusable magnetic iron nanocomposite catalysts that would ultimately cover the pathway to establish green and sustainable technologies. This review will be enlightening for the researchers in designing novel functionalized MIONPs for sustainable developments.

Prediction of the Antibacterial Activity of the Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Gram Negative and Positive Bacteria by using Machine Learning Algorithms

With the appearance and growth of microbial organisms resistant to various antibiotics, as well as the need to reduce the cost of care of health, the production of antimicrobials at lower costs has become an inescapable necessity for today’s human societies. Recently, the interdisciplinary field of nanotechnology has developed widely. One of the applications of nanobiotechnology is the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for new solutions in the treatment of microbial infections. AgNPs have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, therapies, and also in devices that are used in several medical procedures. In this field, machine learning algorithms have been used with hopeful results. One of the branches of artificial intelligence (AI) is machine learning (ML) that focuses on data and shows the power of the data. Machine learning techniques are taking considerable attention because of their obvious successes in a broad range of predictive tasks. In this work, we studied machine learning technique to predict the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Here, we reviewed 100 articles for completing the data, highlighting the recently used different plants for the synthesis of highly efficient antimicrobial green AgNPs, which consist of key experimental conditions (amount of plant extract, volume of plant extract, volume of solvent, volume of AgNO3 solution, reaction temperature, reaction time, concentration of precursors, and nanoparticle size). The results showed that nanoparticles size and concentration of AgNPs are key factors in predicting the antibacterial effect of AgNPs.

Nano-biofertilizers: Progressive evolution for sustainable agriculture

The application of Nano-biotechnology for the development of fertilizer to enhance the nutritional kinetics of the plant-soil system for sustainable agricultural systems is being reviewed. Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers has caused deleterious effects on the soil microflora, it not only reduces its fertility but also causes lessened remuneration causing financial losses as well as side effects on the environment further causing degradation of biodiversity. Nanotechnology has become a promising area to deal with the above problems, especially in agriculture. With the help of Nano-biotechnology, a conjugated strategy comprising nanomaterials and bio-fertilizers can be achieved which will prove to be a unique, environmentally safe Nano-biofertilizer also having economic value. According to the existing literature, Nano-biofertilizer plays a significant role to modify plant and soil systems for the amelioration of agricultural productivity. Both Nanotechnology and bio-fertilizers work harmoniously due to microbial resurrection as well as nanomaterial coatings delivering higher captivity of soil moisture and vital nutrients of plant and it is because plant growth promoters inside the bioorganic components are generally present and it is either due to direct or indirect relation which can be easily related to various aspects like disease resistance, rhizoremediation and so on. Efforts are being made to review the bio-fertilizer formulations, which are based on nanotechnology with the motive to attain enhanced and sustainable crop production.

Past, Present and Future Perspective of Application of Nanobiotechnology in Pharmacology and Innovative Therapeutics

Nanobiotechnology is a multi-strategic approach that engineers biological components (atoms and molecules) at the nanoscales. The concept was introduced as an effective alternative with drug delivery and targeting properties. Nanobiotechnology has several applications in cancerous disease, autoimmune, inflammation, infectious, and viral diseases, and for the management of COVID-19. Nanoparticles have biomimetic properties, encapsulation, and safety formulation of drugs, and all these properties give them an advantage over conventional drug strategies. Nanobiotechnology research is currently progressive and needs extensive exploration and understanding for its potential use in future innovations. The present review studied the concept of nanobiotechnology, its origin, mechanism of drug delivery and targeting, applications, and future perspective in pharmacology and innovation to decipher its role in future advanced research.

Research on promoting the development of circular economy by using nano-biopharmaceutical technology

Nanotechnology field not only includes nanoelectronics, nanomaterials, nanomanufacturing technology, nanobiology, nanomicroscopy and nanomechanical processing technology, but also is an interdisciplinary subject. Biomedical nanotechnology is an important research field produced by the intersection of nano-science and life science, and has developed rapidly in recent years. Nano-drug carriers, nano-biosensors and imaging technologies, as well as micro-intelligent medical devices, will play an important role in the diagnosis, treatment and healthcare of diseases. Circular economy should not only care about economic development, but also care about the survival of future generations. It requires that economic development should not only consider the improvement of economic aggregate, but also consider ecological carrying capacity, so as to unify economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits. This paper analyses the application of nano-biotechnology in medicine, points out its importance in the development of medicine, and puts forward the way to promote the development of circular economy by using nano-biopharmaceutical technology.

Membrane mixing and dynamics in hybrid POPC/poly(1,2-butadiene-block-ethylene oxide) (PBd-b-PEO) lipid/block co-polymer giant vesicles.

Lipids and block copolymers can individually self-assemble into vesicles, each with their own particular benefits and limitations. Combining polymers with lipids allows for further optimisation of the vesicle membranes for bionanotechnology applications. Here, POPC lipid is mixed with poly(1,2-butadiene-block-ethylene oxide) of two different molecular weights (PBd22-PEO14, Mr = 1800 g mol-1 and PBd12-PEO11, Mr = 1150 g mol-1) in order to investigate how increasing the polymer fraction affects membrane mixing, hydration and fluidity. Intensity contributions of fluorescently labelled lipid and polymer within mixed GUV membranes confirm membrane homogeneity within the hybrids. General polarisation measurements of Laurdan in GUVs showed little change in membrane hydration as polymer fraction is increased, which suggests good structural compatibility between lipids and polymers that gives rise to well-mixed vesicles. Membrane fluidity in hybrid GUVs was found to decrease non-linearly with increasing polymer fraction. However, the diffusion coefficients for the fluorescent polymer in hybrid membranes did not change significantly with increasing polymer content. While increasing the polymer fraction does reduce the movement of lipids through a polymer-rich matrix, insignificant difference in diffusion coefficients of the polymer suggests that its diffusion is minimally affected by increasing lipid composition in the range studied. These results lay further foundations for the wider development of hybrid vesicles with controlled properties for advanced biotechnologies.

Role of Nano-Biotechnology in Agricultural Sector

Nano-biotechnology applications use in various fields in the last decades, while, Nano-biotechnology has a significant role in the agricultural sector. There are various challenges facing agriculture production, particularly climate change conditions and biotic stress such as pathogens and insects, which affects negatively various crop production, particularly the horticultural crops. Nanotechnology is considered a key tool for improving agricultural production, there are numerous advantages of the application of Nano-biotechnology like target delivery of various agrochemicals for specific sites in plant tissue, enhancing plant tolerance, increase nutrient efficiency, which improves plant growth. Nanoparticles are manufactured by different techniques, while, there are two main methods to manufacture (top to down), and bottom-up. There are different unique properties of nanomaterials such as higher charge density and higher reactivity due to (High surface to volume ratio), higher penetration of plant tissues, strength, and heat resistance. There are different applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural field that include nano fertilizers, nanocides, biosensors, nano-carriers, nano herbicides, Analysis of gene expression, and application in post-harvest processing such as nano-coating materials and nano packaging. In addition application of nanotechnology in precision agriculture. Bio-Nano application in the agricultural fields sustained the environment, protecting both soil and water from pollution by agrochemicals, and increasing crop productivity.

Deterministic & stochastic models in obtaining arsenic-Compounds-free produces in hydroponic mediums added with double sieving’s with small planktonic populations in nano-biotechnological application

Here a simple and hi-tech applications is delivered with nano-biotechnological applications. Nano-biotechnology is the branch of biotechnology that deals with making structures that are ranged between 0- 500 nanometres of dimension. Molecular diameter of Arsenic and its compounds usually falls within this range and appropriately porous Phytoplankton cells can accumulate this enzymes inhibition bio-molecules. As we all know that Phytoplankton is the base of several aquatic food webs. Phytoplankton, also known as microalgae, are similar to terrestrial plants in that contain chlorophyll and require sunlight in order to live and grow can be provided to Hydroponic mediums as energy supplements. Mere sieving of arsenic compounds by phytoplankton and providing safety hydroponic foods. From both the biological and the toxicological points of view, arsenic compounds can be classified into three major groups: inorganic arsenic compounds; organic arsenic compounds; and arsine gas and all these can be sieved with plankton populations of small and medium in sizes. Nanotechnology and nano-biotechnology with Plankton population are used in recent days for mankind. Arsenic or its compounds can be termed as nano-particles having environmental hazards to all biological cells, tissue, organs. As per molecular dimensions arsenic and arsenic compounds can be sieved by certain plankton populations. Small algae and medium algae can sieve arsenic or its compounds through their appropriate porous cells and accumulate within and can make the aquatic medium free from arsenic and which can be used for hydroponic culture medium and can produce Arsenic free fruit and vegetables.

Can Machine Learning and Nanotechnology Help the Fight Against the Current COVID-19 Crisis?

The entire world is now in a state of caution since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The overwhelmingly high spread and mortality rate due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has not only made the headlines but also raised alarming concerns for the human community. Applications of nano-biotechnology, along with machine learning, have excellent potential in dealing with serious health issues, mainly in medical science. This review article aims to augment the multidimensional use of silver nanoparticles, especially in the fabrication of textiles and face masks, which could represent a new avenue for prevention. Furthermore, the disinfection of COVID-19, along with other pathogens using silver nanoparticles and machine learning could help in the risk assessment.

De Novo Synthesis of Elastin-like Polypeptides (ELPs): An Applied Overview on the Current Experimental Techniques.

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are protein-based biopolymers genetically produced from polypeptides composed of a repeating pentapeptide sequence V-P-G-X-G. The inherent properties of recombinant ELPs, such as smart nature, controlled sequence complexity, physicochemical properties, and biocompatibility, make these polymers suitable for use in nanobiotechnological applications, as biofunctionalized scaffolds for tissue-engineering purposes and drug delivery. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of two elastomeric self-assembling polypeptides (ELPs) that mimic the endogenous human tropoelastin. Using molecular biology techniques, two artificial genes that encode two ELP concatemers of approximate molecular mass 60 kDa, one of them carrying biotin-binding peptide motifs, were constructed. These motifs could facilitate biofunctionalization of the ELPs through tethering biotinylated factors, such as growth factors. The ELPs were heterologously overexpressed in E. coli and subsequently purified in two steps: a nonchromatographic technique by organic solvent extraction, followed by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography. The characterization of the biochemical properties and biocompatibility of ELPs was also performed in this study. The ELP carrying the biotin-binding motifs was tested for its capability to bind biotin, and indeed, it was observed that it can bind biotinylated proteins specifically. Additionally, results concerning the cytotoxicity of the ELPs exhibited excellent compatibility of the ELPs with mammalian cells in vitro. We anticipate that these ELPs can be used as components of a scaffold that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) for the regeneration of endogenously highly elastic tissues.