Application Of Low-temperature Plasma Research Articles

Application of a Novel Cleaning Method using Low-Temperature Plasma on Tidal Flat Diatoms with Heterovalvy or Delicate Frustule Structure

For clear observation of diatom frustules, both inner- and extracellular impurities need to be eliminated from samples. This process is usually performed using oxidizing acids that can completely decompose organic matter. However, oxidizing acids often result in dissociation of frustules, and if oxidative byproducts are not washed out completely at the end of the process, they can act as impurities. Moreover, the treatment is time-consuming, and the necessity for subsequent rinsing may reduce the number of diatom frustules and/or valves because of loss during rinsing. Application of low-temperature plasma (LTP) was examined for diatom cleaning. LTP treatment is an extremely gentle cleaning method in which all the processes can be performed on a cover slip without rinsing with distilled water or the addition of chemicals. Application of this method to the tidal flat sample was found to be effective for the preservation of complete frustules, such as those observed in Amphora, Cocconeis and Planothidium species; with this treatment, there was no reduction in the diatom population during the cleaning process.

Similarities and Particularities of Low‐ and High‐Temperature Plasma Technologies

AbstractAlthough plasmas cover an enormously wide range of parameters, and although the technologies and their applications differ strongly, several general mechanisms and technological processes, such as dimensionless parameters, generation and controlling of plasmas by particle wave interactions, plasma‐wall‐interactions, surface engineering and diagnostics are quite similar. Microwave technology offers both low temperature plasma applications and plasma heating for the fusion reactors. The interaction of plasmas with the nearby surfaces and the resulting material changes follow the same general mechanisms in low, as well as in high temperature plasmas, and their diagnostics are similar.magnified image

Electrodeposition of Metals for Micro- and Nanostructuring at Interfaces between Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Conductors: Dendrites, Whiskers and Nanoparticles

Electrodeposition of a metal requires the reduction of metal ions by electrons and can in principle occur at any interface or in any boundary region between two electrically conducting phases with different ionic transference numbers. Here we summarize and review metal deposition at all possible five interfaces: solid|solid (short s|s), liquid|liquid (l|l), solid|liquid (s|l), solid|gas (s|g), liquid|gas (l|g), emphasizing processes at less studied interfaces. Cathodic deposition of a metal from a liquid electrolyte (s|l interface) is the most typical case and forms the basis of numerous applied galvanic processes. The equivalent deposition of a metal on a solid electrolyte (s|s interface) is much less usual, but phenomenologically identical. The deposition processes of a metal at the interface between two liquid electrolytes, or between a gaseous conductor and either a solid or a liquid conductor form three other possible situations. Examples for these five general cases (the s|l interface is only briefly treated) are reviewed and discussed with respect to the growth kinetics and the product morphology. Nano-sized memory devices, switches, electron beam induced formation of metals on solid electrolytes and plasma-cathodic metal deposition from ionic liquids, where in the first place the very low vapour pressure of ionic liquids facilitates the application of low-temperature plasmas, are discussed as possible new and unusual applications of electrochemical metal deposition.

The Power-Supply Control System in the Device of Acetylene Production by H-Plasma Pyrolysis Coal

The device of acetylene production by hydrogen (H-) plasma pyrolysis coal is examined and developed not only for studying the application of low temperature plasma but also for studying the clean use of coal. The power-supply control system is used to ensure supplying a steady energy to generate and maintain the plasma electric arc of the device. The hardware configuration and the software design of the system are described in this paper. Verified by experiments, this system can meet the requirements of real-time performance, reliability and extensibility for the device.

Induction-plasma melting of cast iron

The paper presents results of the studies on application of low-temperature plasma in an induction furnace for refining, melting intensification, and synthetic cast iron manufacturing purposes. Advantageous effect of plasma on the properties of the cast iron smelted from traditional raw materials and of synthetic cast iron was found. It was shown that induction-plasma melting process nearly doubles the output of the induction furnace, with energy consumption reduced by about 30% in comparison with the induction melting.

Environmental applications of low-temperature plasmas

Abstract

Application of low temperature plasma to the fabric and the electric material.

Low temperature plasma has two effects, one is plasma treatment, etching, introduction of functional group, crosslinking, the other is plasma polymerization. And low temperature plasma does not change the bulky properties of polymer. Author studied the aplication of low temperature plasma to the fabric and the electric material.Polyester fabric which has deep and vivid color, polyester fabric coated or laminated by polyurethane which has no defect of migrating out of dispered dyestuff, light interference fabric, polyester mesh screen fabric for printing the integrated circuit were developed by low temperature plasma.

Low temperature plasmas

During the last years the physics of low temperature plasmas has grown in importance, especially because of their various technological applications. Besides their well known employment in gas discharge lamps for light production, low temperature plasmas are widely used in advanced technologies such as, e.g., in microelectronics. High-technology applications promote the further development of applied and basic research in this field. After describing the main properties of low temperature plasmas a theoretical approach is given. Starting from the general kinetic theory of a plasma as a many-particle system it is shown that by means of several averaging procedures an appropriate macroscopic description can be found. After introducing the rate equations and explaining the relaxation processes the so called local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) is defined and a thermodynamic description of LTE plasmas is presented. Special attention is paid to the effects of nonideality, e.g. the plasma phase transitions. Because of its practical importance in applications and for plasma diagnostics a separate section deals with plasma radiation. After giving a short introduction to the physics of plasma-wall interaction several types of gas discharges are briefly described. Finally, the most important applications of low temperature plasmas are reviewed.

ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Aspects of the Application of Low Temperature Plasma

ChemInformVolume 21, Issue 7 Reviews ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Aspects of the Application of Low Temperature Plasma L. LAPCIK, L. LAPCIK Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorD. MARIANIOVA, D. MARIANIOVA Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. JANCOVICOVA, V. JANCOVICOVA Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SCHURZ, J. SCHURZ Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this author L. LAPCIK, L. LAPCIK Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorD. MARIANIOVA, D. MARIANIOVA Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. JANCOVICOVA, V. JANCOVICOVA Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this authorJ. SCHURZ, J. SCHURZ Chem. Technol. Fak., Slovak. Tech. Univ., Bratislava, CzechoslovakiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 13, 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.199007355Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume21, Issue7February 13, 1990 RelatedInformation

低温プラズマと工学 ＩＩ 電子工学の立場から

低温プラズマと工学 ＩＩ 電子工学の立場から

Electromagnetic induction in plasma

Practical applications of low-temperature plasma have a long history beginning with the use of the electric arc as a source of light or heat. Even the utilization of plasma for chemical process applications began early with the arc process for nitrogen fixation. Studies of the properties of plasma and of elementary processes in plasma, motivated by purely scientific interest, accumulated a wealth of information by the time when plasma was first considered as the working medium for MHD power generation a few decades ago. During the last few years widespread interest developed in the application of plasma for chemical and metallurgical processes utilizing plasma jets, high frequency discharges and high power dispersed discharges besides the electric arc. It is therefore to be expected that this Symposium will be only the first in a sequence of similar symposia.