Applications In Storage Systems Research Articles

Physical and Electrochemical Performances of Novel Tellurium Composite Films as Anode Applications in Energy Storage Systems

Physical and Electrochemical Performances of Novel Tellurium Composite Films as Anode Applications in Energy Storage Systems

Inversion of creep parameters and their application in underground salt cavern energy storage systems for enhancing wind power integration

While the development of wind energy presents great potential and opportunities, the high level of uncertainty inherent in wind farms also poses considerable challenges for operators, especially when it comes to participating in the energy market. The intermittent and unpredictable fluctuation characteristics of wind power generation may cause significant deviations in the frequency and voltage of the grid, which pose a certain threat to the stability of the grid and power quality and need to be mitigated by advanced energy storage solutions. Salt caverns, these geological structures deep in underground space, are widely used in oil and gas storage, compressed air energy storage(CAES), and other projects around the world. In the operation of underground salt caverns as storage, there is no effective technical means to monitor the deformation of deep caverns in real-time. Therefore, developing a high-precision real-time prediction method for cavern volume deformation is of great significance for the safety assessment during the underground salt cavern operation. In this context, this paper proposes a comprehensive technical approach to meet the needs of real-time monitoring of the cavern status, including volume changes, in the intelligent construction of underground salt cavern facilities in China. Firstly, through the shut-in pressure test of the brine well, the volume shrinkage of the cavern during the monitoring period is obtained, and the creep parameters of the salt rock strata in the regional salt mine are inversely derived. Secondly, for a typical cavern in operation in this region, the creep deformation is predicted using numerical simulation methods. By analyzing the cavern volume deformation under different pressures, an empirical equation for cavern volume deformation is established. Finally, by combining the volume changes obtained from sonar tests conducted during the operation of the cavern, the accuracy of the simulated results and the theoretical model derived from the inverted creep parameters is verified. The real-time analysis method for cavern volume deformation developed from this research will be applied to the intelligent construction of underground salt cavern facilities, ensuring safe and controllable operation management of the storage facilities.

High performance flexible phase change hydrogel applied to thermal management of new cigarette device

To address the thermal management challenges of new heat-not-burn (HNB) cigarette devices, this study aims to enhance overall energy conversion efficiency while maintaining unchanged battery capacity. The goal is to minimize heat dissipation and reduce the temperature of the device's housing that contacts the user. In this research, CaCl2·6H2O (CCH) was selected as the phase change material (PCM), and a polyacrylamide (PAM) phase change hydrogel encapsulating CCH was prepared via in-situ polymerization. Additionally, konjac glucomannan (KGM) was incorporated into the three-dimensional network structure of PAM through hydrogen bonding to promote the formation of a porous gel structure. CNTs-CuO composites, featuring in-situ generated CuO nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), were synthesized using a microwave hydrothermal method and employed to enhance the thermal conductivity of the phase change hydrogel.This study demonstrates that the three-dimensional porous network structure of the hydrogel not only provides effective encapsulation protection for CCH and maintains high latent heat (144.9 J/g), but also imparts excellent flexibility and stability to the composites. The incorporation of CNTs-CuO composites introduces efficient heat transfer channels, significantly increasing the thermal conductivity of the hydrogels by approximately 37 % (0.687 W·m−1·K−1). Moreover, the hydrogel composites exhibit exceptional temperature regulation properties.The innovative design and preparation of these hydrated salt-based flexible hydrogel composites offer a novel approach in the fields of thermal management and energy storage. This material demonstrates practical applications not only in HNB devices but also in various thermal management systems, such as wearable electronics, battery thermal management, and electronic device cooling. Furthermore, its application in energy storage systems, including thermal energy storage units and smart textiles, underscores its broad applicability and significance.

Titanium dioxide/graphene oxide synergetic reinforced composite phase change materials with excellent thermal energy storage and photo-thermal performances

The development of advanced composite solid-solid phase change materials (SSPCMs) is urgent to explore for improving solar energy harvesting and storage. Herein, novel composite SSPCMs with synergetic cross-linking structure were fabricated through polymerization using GO and TiO2 constructed on the polyurethane framework skeleton. GO and TiO2 synergetic enhanced polymer framework played a role as skeletal structure to encapsulate PEG in the molecular chains, and provided as highly thermal conductive pathways for the composite SSPCMs. TiO2 nanoparticles performed as extended surface on the skeletal structure for further improvement in thermal conductivity. The composite SSPCMs exhibited a remarkably improved thermal conductivity as high as 0.7 W/(m‧K) and fast thermal response rate. The good light adsorption property of TiO2 enhanced the light absorbance efficiency of the composite SSPCMs by 94.4%. And the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the composite SSPCMs highly reached 93.5%. Meanwhile, the composite SSPCMs exhibited excellent anti-leakage performance and shape stability under high temperature. Consequently, the as-prepared composite SSPCMs possessed a potential for applications in thermal energy storage and solar energy utilization systems.

Research on Phase Change Cold Storage Materials and Innovative Applications in Air Conditioning Systems

Phase change cold storage materials are functional materials that rely on the latent heat of phase change to absorb and store cold energy. They have significant advantages in slight temperature differences, cold storage, and heat exchange. Based on the research status of phase change cold storage materials and their application in air conditioning systems in recent years, this paper provides an overview of the materials and their enhanced research progress. It summarizes the types of phase change cold storage air conditioning systems, optimization schemes, and system applications. This paper also identifies the current issues in phase change cold storage air conditioning and discusses the development trends in cold storage materials and air conditioning systems. It anticipates that future advancements will focus on composite phase change cold storage materials and low-energy consumption intelligent phase change cold storage air conditioning systems in steam compression using spherical capsules and concave–convex plate PCM.

A deep learning approach for supercapacitor remaining useful life prediction using pre-classifying strategy

Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of supercapacitors (SCs) is essential for the application of energy storage systems. In the existing end-to-end RUL prediction methods, there exist large errors in life prediction in SCs, especially in the early cycle prediction. This paper proposes an augmentation of the end-to-end RUL prediction method to improve the precision named pre-classifying. First, the pre-classifying is used to divide SCs’ cycling data into different classes to ensure consistency in each class. Then the end-to-end models are built for each class to predict the RULs. In this work, a novel hybrid model that combines convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory networks is proposed to capture spatiotemporal features from the cycling data. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model outperforms various deep neural networks in terms of prediction accuracy. When using the same hybrid model as the backbone, we report competitive results of the pre-classifying method on the public dataset with the root mean square error (RMSE) of 147.67 cycles, a 69.5% improvement compared with the RMSE of 484.18 cycles of the classical end-to-end RUL prediction model. Furthermore, experiment results indicate that the proposed pre-classification method significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of the standard end-to-end RUL prediction method with different deep neural network architectures. These results demonstrate that the pre-classifying method can be a general and effective methodology for RUL prediction of complex SC systems.

Efficient mitigation of lithium dendrite by two-dimensional A-type molecular sieve membrane for lithium metal battery

Uneven lithium deposition poses a primary challenge for lithium-ion batteries, as it often triggers the growth of lithium dendrites, thereby significantly compromising battery performance and potentially giving rise to safety concerns. Therefore, the high level of safety must be guaranteed to achieve the large-scale application of battery energy storage systems. Here, we present a novel separator design achieved by incorporating a two-dimensional A-type molecular sieve coating onto the polypropylene separator surface, which functions as an effective lithium ion redistribution layer. The results demonstrated that even after undergoing 1000 cycles, the cell equipped with a two-dimensional A-type molecular sieve-Polypropylene (2D-A-PP) separator still maintains an impressive capacity retention rate of 70 %. In contrast, cells equipped with Polypropylene (PP) separators exhibit capacity retention rates below 50 % after only 500 cycles. Additionally, the incorporation of a two-dimensional molecular sieve enhances the mechanical properties of the PP separator, thereby bolstering battery safety. This study proposes a novel concept for the design of lithium-ion battery separator materials, offering a fresh perspective on the development of separators with exceptional thermal stability, enhanced porosity, superior electrolyte affinity, and effective inhibition of lithium dendrite formation.

Unsuspected Organometallic Fibers Used As Potential Separators for Supercapacitors Device

Since the last decade, the interest of organic frameworks for electrochemical application the been more studied.1 In general, very few works have been found in the literature. We can mainly mention the use of these derivatives in the presence of inorganic materials both to form solid electrolytes or to protect electrodes. For example, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (H4DOTA) has been used to functionalize PVA to coat the surface of the negative electrode in order to suppress its degradation.2 This resulted in the improvement of the electrochemical properties of the LMNO/graphite cell. Recently, Kim et al. reported the addition of 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane to a carbonate-based electrolyte intended to stabilize the Li metal-electrolyte interface by improving the solid electrolyte interphase.3 More recently, Liu et al. reported a novel carbonyl network polymer NP4 used as a cathode material for organic lithium batteries.4 Very few examples of fully organic frameworks used as separators have been reported.Therefore, our investigation to develop new supramolecular metal-based objects via a self-assembly process of molecular bricks will be presented. The work on cyclen derivatives allows to obtain metal complexes very stable able to pack in a well oriented dimension. Cyclen derivatives, in the presence of metal salts such as copper or zinc chlorides and polar solvents such as aliphatic alcohols, have a strong affinity for metals and spontaneously assemble in some conditions.5 In terms of applications, these self-assembled "organometallic" fibers represent an original and relatively easy to access substrate for fabricating 1D organic objects. Moreover, taking advantage of the properties and potentialities of these materials, we format an adequate shape to handle it as a potential separator for application in Energy Storage Systems (ESS).After a presentation of their synthesis and their formatting as potential separators for supercapacitors, preliminary electrochemical studies will be discussed. 1. J. Mater.Chem. A 2016, 4, 16812; ACS Energy let., 2022, 7, 885.2. ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2021, 4, 128.3. ACS Appl. Matter. Interface, 2022, 14, 35645.4. J. Electoanalytical. Chem. 2023, 117251.5. Chem. Commun. 2010, 46, 1464. Figure 1

Coordinated Multi-Scenario Optimization Strategy for Park Photovoltaic Storage Based on Master-Slave Game.

Optimizing the operation of photovoltaic (PV) storage systems is crucial for meeting the load demands of parks while minimizing curtailment and enhancing economic efficiency. This paper proposes a multi-scenario collaborative optimization strategy for PV storage systems based on a master-slave game model. Three types of energy storage system (ESS) application scenarios are designed to comprehensively stabilize PV fluctuations, compensate for load transfers, and participate in the frequency regulation (FR) market, thereby optimizing the overall operational strategy of PV storage systems in parks. The upper-level objective is to maximize the park operators' profit, while the lower-level objective is to minimize the user's power supply costs. Case studies demonstrate that this strategy can significantly increase the economic benefits for park operators by 25.8%, reduce user electricity expenditures by 5.27%, and lower curtailment through a load response mechanism, thereby promoting the development and construction of PV storage parks.

A comprehensive survey of the application of swarm intelligent optimization algorithm in photovoltaic energy storage systems

With the rapid development of renewable energy, photovoltaic energy storage systems (PV-ESS) play an important role in improving energy efficiency, ensuring grid stability and promoting energy transition. As an important part of the micro-grid system, the energy storage system can realize the stable operation of the micro-grid system through the design optimization and scheduling optimization of the photovoltaic energy storage system. The structure and characteristics of photovoltaic energy storage system are summarized. From the perspective of photovoltaic energy storage system, the optimization objectives and constraints are discussed, and the current main optimization algorithms for energy storage systems are compared and evaluated. The challenges and future development of energy storage systems are briefly described, and the research results of energy storage system optimization methods are summarized. This paper summarizes the application of swarm intelligence optimization algorithm in photovoltaic energy storage systems, including algorithm principles, optimization goals, practical application cases, challenges and future development directions, providing new ideas for better promotion and application of new energy photovoltaic energy storage systems and valuable reference.

Para-Aminoazobenzenes-Bipolar Redox-Active Molecules.

Azobenzenes (ABs) are versatile compounds featured in numerous applications for energy storage systems, such as solar thermal storages or phase change materials. Additionally, the reversible one-electron reduction of these diazenes to the nitrogen-based radical anion has been used in battery applications. Although the oxidation of ABs is normally irreversible, 4,4'-diamino substitution allows a reversible 2e- oxidation, which is attributed to the formation of a stable bis-quinoidal structure. Herein, we present a system that shows a bipolar redox behaviour. In this way, ABs can serve not only as anolytes, but also as catholytes. The resulting redox potentials can be tailored by suitable amine- and ring-substitution. For the first time, the solid-state structure of the oxidized form could be characterized by X-ray diffraction.

Para‐Aminoazobenzole – Bipolare Redoxaktive Verbindungen

AbstractAzobenzole (AB) sind vielseitige Verbindungen mit zahlreichen Anwendungsgebieten. Eines dieser Gebiete ist die Energiespeicherung, wie zum Beispiel molekulare organischen Solarthermie (MOST) Speicher, oder Phasenwechselmaterial. Batterien sind eine weitere Applikation von AB als elektrochemische Energiespeicher, die auf der reversiblen 1e− Reduktion zu Radikalanion beruhen. Oxidationen von AB sind üblicherweise irreversibel, können jedoch durch eine 4,4‘‐Diaminosubstitution reversibel werden. Diese Reversibilität ist auf die Bildung eine stabile Chinonstruktur zurückzuführen. Hier präsentieren wir ein System, das bipolares Redoxverhalten von AB zeigt. Dadurch können AB nicht nur als Anolyte, sondern auch als Katholyte eingesetzt werden. Die erhaltenden Redoxpotentiale können durch geeignete Amin‐ oder Ringsubstitutionen angepasst werden. Des Weiteren wurde die Festkörperstruktur der oxidierten Chinonform zum ersten Mal mittels Röntgenbeugung charakterisiert.

Three-dimensional porous structured cobalt- and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube electrocatalyst derived from cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoleaves for high performance zinc-air battery

The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts to overcome the intrinsic sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries is crucial. In this study, we introduce a strategy that integrates a template-assisted synthesis with subsequent thermal treatment to fabricate an active and stable cobalt-based nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalyst, denoted as Co-N-CNT. The strategy adjusts the disordered architecture of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) through the synergistic effect of bimetallic species, restricted the growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoleaves (ZIF-L) using salt templates, and directed the transformation from a two-dimensional blade-like morphology to a three-dimensional multi-tiered composite structure. Notably, the Co-N-CNT-800 sample, synthesized at an optimized pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.89 V and demonstrates stability with sustained cycling over 21 h, which is comparable to the performance of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Moreover, when employed as the cathode in zinc-air batteries, Co-N-CNT-800 not only surpasses Pt/C in terms of power density but also exhibits long-term charge/discharge stability. This findings offer a viable pathway for the design of active and cost-effective ORR electrocatalysts, holding promise for applications in the electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.

Double emulsion templates for efficient production of phase change microcapsules

The utilization of phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal storage technology exhibits great potential for various applications in thermal management and latent heat storage systems. However, leakage of organic PCMs hinders its practical application. Encapsulation of PCMs in microcapsules with polymer shells can prevent PCM leakage while improving heat transfer and stability. In this study, shell monomers were introduced as an immiscible third phase into the traditional o/w two-phase emulsion system, and the formed three-phase complex emulsion was dynamically reconfigured to exhibit a core–shell encapsulated conformation induced by interfacial tension, resulting in the formation of a thermodynamically stable double emulsion. Microcapsules with 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) shells were successfully prepared using this double emulsion as a template. The emulsion configuration is of significant advantage in promoting stable encapsulation of the phase change material in the shell material, resulting in fast and efficient encapsulation and improved utilization of the phase change material. Phase change microcapsules with different phase change temperatures were prepared and characterized using n-octadecane (C18), methyl stearate (Mes), n-eicosane (C20) and n-docosane (C22) as phase change materials, respectively. Results show that the prepared microcapsules are spherically integrated, with smooth surfaces and obvious core–shell structures, and the enthalpies of phase transition of C18, Mes, C20 and C22 microcapsules are as high as 171.86, 122.37, 165.77 and 178.69 J/g, respectively. These microcapsules exhibit excellent thermal stability and durability and the encapsulation efficiencies exceed 99.7 % at different phase change temperatures. Furthermore, the potential applications of PCM microcapsules in the field of temperature regulation were also demonstrated. This double-emulsion template method provides a straightforward, rapid and scalable approach for the mass production of microcapsules with different core–shell compositions.

Synthesis and characterisation of tamarind seed husk-derived carbon quantum dots incorporated polypyrrole nanosphere composite for energy storage applications

ABSTRACT In this study, the green synthesis of Tamarind Seed Husk-derived carbon quantum dots (TCQDs) by using a facile one-step hydrothermal technique and Tamarind Seed Husk-derived carbon quantum dots/Polypyrrole nanosphere composites (TCQDs/PPy-NS) was synthesised by using the facile in-situ chemical polymerisation method. These results suggest that the TCQDs/PPy-NS composite electrode is a promising electrode for high-energy storage applications. The TCQDs/PPy-NS composite offers an effective supercapacitor electrode material by blending the superior electrical conductivity of TCQDs with the increased pseudocapacitive capacity of polypyrrole nanospheres (PPy-NS). The TCQDs/PPy-NS composite exhibits a specific capacity (Csp) of 400 Fg−1 at a current density (CD) of 2 Ag−1, and a solid-state flexible symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) was developed using the TCQDs/PPy-NS composite to meet an excellent power density (PD) of 1008.19 Wkg−1 at an energy density (ED) of 31.02 Whkg−1 It also demonstrated excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention and coulombic efficiency of 84.57% and 98.06% after 4000 cycles at 2 Ag−1 respectively. This remarkable flexibility and stability make the TCQDs/PPy-NS SSC device highly suitable for applications in wearable electronics and flexible energy storage systems.

Effects of adverse sea conditions on the dynamic performance of a cruise ship integrated power system

In adverse sea conditions, changes in the propeller emergence depth can cause propulsion load fluctuations, resulting in significant variations in ship-integrated power systems (IPS). These fluctuations can severely affect the power quality of ships and the operational efficiency of electrical devices. To develop appropriate mitigation measures against the impact of wind and waves on IPS, a comprehensive model that can simulate the response characteristics of the hull and IPS for different heading angles in different sea conditions is necessary. This paper presents an integrated multi-system dynamic model capable of simulating the response characteristics of a ship's hull and its IPS under the wind and waves interference. A novel method is proposed to estimate propeller thrust and torque loss directly from the ship's pitch and roll angles. Utilizing this dynamic model, the responses characteristics of the hull and IPS in varying sea conditions have been investigated. The findings demonstrate that the model accurately captures variations in ship motions, as well as IPS voltage and frequency, under wind and waves interference. Additionally, this study explores the application of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to enhance the IPS power quality in the context of Sea State (SS) 7. Results indicate that the HESS has good potential to compensate for propulsion load fluctuations, thereby mitigating the negative impacts on the ship's IPS.

A class of BCH codes of length [formula omitted] and their duals

BCH codes are a special subclass of cyclic codes. In many cases, BCH codes are best cyclic codes and they have wide applications in communication and storage systems. In this paper, we investigate the parameters of a class of narrow-sense BCH codes over GF(q) of length 2(q2m−1)q+1 with small and large dimensions. We study the q-cyclotomic cosets modulo 2(q2m−1)q+1, determine the dimensions of these BCH codes and give the lower bounds on their minimum distances. Furthermore, we present the lower bounds on the minimum distances of their dual codes.

Synthesis and properties of quasi-one-dimensional BiSBr crystals via the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique

This investigation details the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of semiconducting bismuth sulfobromide (BiSBr) crystals, emphasizing their structural and optoelectronic properties. Using the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique, we synthesized large, high-quality BiSBr crystals, which were systematically examined through techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. These methods confirmed the crystals’ quasi-one-dimensional structure and their exceptional stability, demonstrating an absence of surface oxidation, which is a significant advantage for optoelectronic applications. The study establishes a correlation between the crystals’ unique structural characteristics and their enhanced optoelectronic properties, particularly regarding light absorption and thermal conductivity, thereby underscoring their potential in sustainable energy technologies. This work not only advances our understanding of BiSBr as a promising material for optoelectronic devices, but also paves the way for future research into its practical applications in energy conversion and storage systems.

LiF-Rich Alloy-Doped SEI Enabling Ultra-Stable and High-Rate Li Metal Anode.

Li metal is regarded as the "Holy Grail" in the next generation of anode materials due to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, sluggish Li ions interfacial transport kinetics and uncontrollable Li dendrites growth limit practical application of the energy storage system in high-power device. Herein, separators are modified by the addition of a coating, which spontaneously grafts onto the Li anode interface for in situ lithiation. The resultant alloy possessing of strong electron-donating property promotes the decomposition of lithium bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide in the electrolyte to form a LiF-rich alloy-doped solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. High ionic alloy solid solution diffusivity and electric field dispersion modulation accelerate Li ions transport and uniform stripping/plating, resulting in a high-power dendrite-free Li metal anode interface. Surprisingly, the formulated SEI layer achieves an ultra-long cycle life of over 8000 h (20,000 cycles) for symmetric cells at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. It also ensures that the NCM(811)//PP@Au//Li full cell at ultra-high currents (40 C) completes the charging/discharging process in only 68 s to provide high capacity of 151 mAh g-1. The results confirm that this scalable strategy has great development potential in realizing high power dendrite-free Li metal anode.

LiF‐Rich Alloy‐Doped SEI Enabling Ultra‐Stable and High‐Rate Li Metal Anode

AbstractLi metal is regarded as the “Holy Grail” in the next generation of anode materials due to its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential. However, sluggish Li ions interfacial transport kinetics and uncontrollable Li dendrites growth limit practical application of the energy storage system in high‐power device. Herein, separators are modified by the addition of a coating, which spontaneously grafts onto the Li anode interface for in situ lithiation. The resultant alloy possessing of strong electron‐donating property promotes the decomposition of lithium bistrifluoromethane sulfonimide in the electrolyte to form a LiF‐rich alloy‐doped solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer. High ionic alloy solid solution diffusivity and electric field dispersion modulation accelerate Li ions transport and uniform stripping/plating, resulting in a high‐power dendrite‐free Li metal anode interface. Surprisingly, the formulated SEI layer achieves an ultra‐long cycle life of over 8000 h (20,000 cycles) for symmetric cells at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. It also ensures that the NCM(811)//PP@Au//Li full cell at ultra‐high currents (40 C) completes the charging/discharging process in only 68 s to provide high capacity of 151 mAh g−1. The results confirm that this scalable strategy has great development potential in realizing high power dendrite‐free Li metal anode.