Mobile Communication Applications Research Articles

Logistics Supply Chain Management and Control Based on Mobile Communication Technology

With the development and application of 5G technology, more efficient and faster mobile communication has become an essential tool in logistics transportation and warehousing processes. Logistics supply chain management (SCM) is a logistics management system centered around the core products or business of the supply chain, as well as a logistics management system organized around the core logistics business. As an important part of logistics SCM, logistics control requires real‐time monitoring and adjustment of transportation, warehousing, distribution, and other links. Mobile communication technology can provide real‐time positioning, tracking, monitoring, and data transmission functions, which provides strong technical support for logistics control. It can also optimize logistics scheduling and improve logistics efficiency and accuracy, thereby reducing transportation costs and improving logistics quality and efficiency. This article aimed to explore the relationship between mobile communication technology and logistics SCM and control, and to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for research. The research results indicated that under the same other conditions, 38 and 37 people rated the X system as liked by companies A and B, accounting for 95% and 92.5% respectively; only 4 and 1 people rated the Y system as liked, accounting for 10% and 2.5% respectively; the likes and dislikes of the X system were much higher than those of the Y system. This indicated a positive relationship between mobile communication technology and logistics SCM and control systems. Logistics SCM and control based on mobile communication technology has become an important direction and development trend in current research on logistics SCM and control. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Surface modifications for applications in mobile communication

Surface modifications for applications in mobile communication

Study of the characteristics of broadband matching antennas for fifth-generation mobile communications based on new composite materials

The presented research aims to analyze in detail the characteristics of broadband matching antennas specifically designed for 5G mobile communications applications, with an emphasis on innovative composite materials. The study focuses on a compact planar loop antenna designed for use on smartphones, covering the LTE/WWAN frequency bands 824 to 960 MHz, 1,710 to 2,690 MHz, and 3,300 to 3,600 MHz for full coverage of modern 5G networks. Experimental and numerical methods are used to broadly analyze the frequency range associated with 5G networks. The features of the use of composite materials in the implementation of antenna devices in 5G technologies are noted. A broadband matching circuit (BMC) with elements with lumped parameters and a reduced sensitivity invariant has been synthesized. A 3D model of the adaptive selective surface controller (SSC) was developed using CST Studio. The study results highlight the benefits of new composite materials in improving the performance of 5G antennas. This research makes a significant contribution to the development of 5G technologies by optimizing antenna design for efficient data transmission in modern mobile networks and can be a valuable resource for engineers and designers working in this field.

A Low-Profile Electrically Small Serrated Rectangular Patch Antenna for RFID Applications

This paper presents the design and analysis of a global system for mobile communication applications, as well as the design and analysis of a compact, bidirectional Electrically Small Antenna (ESA) at 0.9 GHz for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) applications. In order to attain results at lower frequencies while keeping a compact size, the proposed design consists of a microstrip patch antenna in which an SRR and a semicircular-shaped SRR were subtracted from the ground plane. The dimensions of the FR4 substrate, on which this ESA was designed, were 20 × 18 × 1.6 mm. Ansys HFSS was used for the design and simulation of the antenna. Chemical etching was implemented to fabricate the ESA and MS2037C Anritsu Combinational Analyzer was applied for testing. The simulated results show that at 0.9 GHz, the ESA achieves a bandwidth of 300 MHz (700 MHz-1000 MHz). At the resonance frequency, a bidirectional radiation pattern with a 80% radiation efficiency is obtained in both H and E planes. A 90% agreement between the simulated and the fabricated results has been achieved.

The effect of busbar structure on Q factor enhancement and spurious mode suppression in Lamb wave resonators

Lamb wave resonators (LWRs) exhibiting high-quality factors and clean spectra demonstrate promising applications in RF communication and sensing. This paper discusses the relationship between the spurious mode, the quality factor, and the effective electromechanical coupling factor of resonators. When the resonant frequency of the spurious mode is slightly below the parallel resonant frequency (fp), the quality factor at fp (Qp) decreases dramatically. To enhance Qp and suppress the spurious mode, the LWRs with busbars including only the top electrode (non-overlap busbars) and the LWRs with busbars incorporating both top and bottom electrodes (overlap busbars) are designed and fabricated. The LWR with 12 μm-wide overlap busbars exhibits a notable enhancement in Qp, elevating it from 553.76 to 1488.17 and suppresses the spurious mode simultaneously. This research introduces a promising approach to suppress the spurious mode and enhance the quality factor of Lamb wave resonators, thereby holding great potential for applications in sensors and mobile communication.

Terahertz metallic waveguide with meta-holes for bidirectional conversion between two-dimensional guided waves and free-space waves

The conversion between guided and free-space waves is crucial for achieving integrated terahertz (THz) communication and signal processing. Herein, a bidirectional conversion mechanism is proposed for bridging two-dimensional (2D) guided waves and free-space waves, which is demonstrated by the wave manipulation of a metallic waveguide with meta-holes (MWMH). Compared with the conventional conversion between one-dimensional guided waves and free-space waves, in the proposed bidirectional conversion process, meta-holes can arbitrarily manipulate the phase of THz waves in higher dimensions, which enables stronger beam-manipulation capability and a higher gain. When used as a transmitting antenna, the MWMH exhibits excellent performance, i.e., a high gain (33.3 dBi), a high radiation efficiency (∼90%), and flexible beam manipulation. When the MWMH is reversely employed as a receiving antenna to obtain the focus of 2D guided waves, it achieves a gain of 27 dB and a focusing efficiency of 50.4%. The measured results for both the transmitting and receiving antennas agree well with the simulation results. The proposed bidirectional conversion mechanism facilitates the development of THz integrated photonic devices and is promising for application in the sixth-generation mobile communication, radar detection, and nondestructive testing.

Dielectric properties of La2MoO6 ceramics at microwave frequency for application in wireless sensors

The microwave dielectric properties of La2MoO6 ceramics were investigated in preparation for their application in mobile communication. La2MoO6 ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state method under varied sintering conditions. The X-ray diffraction peaks of La2MoO6 ceramic did not vary significantly with sintering conditions. The average grain size of La2MoO6 ceramics increased with increasing the sintering temperature and duration. The maximum density of 5.67 g/cm3, the dielectric constant ( ε r ) of 14.1, the quality factor (Q × f) of 68,000 GHz, and the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τ f ) of −56 ppm/°C had been attained when La2MoO6 ceramics that sintered at 1300 °C for 4h.

Analysis of a Compact Electrically Small Antenna with SRR for RFID Applications

This paper contains the design and analysis of a compact, bidirectional Electrically Small Antenna (ESA) at 0.9 GHz for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and a global system for mobile communication applications. The proposed design consists of a microstrip patch antenna enclosed inside the split ring resonators, in which a split ring resonator was subtracted from the ground plane in order to obtain the results at lower frequencies by maintaining a compact size. This ESA was designed on FR4 substrate having a dimension of 30 mm × 30 mm × 1.6 mm. This antenna was created and simulated with the Ansys HFSS. The ESA was fabricated by chemical etching and it was measured with the MS2037C Anritsu Combinational Analyzer. The simulated results show that the ESA attains a bandwidth of 100 MHz (with S11 < -10 dB) at 0.9 GHz. The bidirectional radiation pattern in both H and E planes with a radiation efficiency of 80% at the resonant frequency was obtained. A close agreement of 90% between the simulated and the measured results was observed.

Check-In/Check-Out (CICO) in High School: Results From a Small Randomized Controlled Trial

The purpose of this study was to provide initial evidence of the effectiveness of Check-In/Check-Out-High School (CICO-HS) on high school student outcomes. Check-In/Check-Out-High School is a version of CICO, an established Tier 2 intervention designed to improve student academic and social behavior, adapted to increase effectiveness and feasibility in high schools. Key adaptations in CICO-HS include increased student agency through goal setting and self-rating, and increased efficiency through use of a mobile application for data collection, progress monitoring, and family communication. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted during the 2021–2022 school year and included 14 ninth grade students in one public high school in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Students were randomly assigned to receive CICO-HS or a waitlist/control condition. Although underpowered, the RCT results showed meaningful improvements (small to moderate effect sizes) in student attendance (unexcused tardies and absences) and teacher ratings of student academic and social behaviors. Moreover, students and school personnel rated CICO-HS components as being socially acceptable to implement in high school. Implications for future research to replicate and expand study findings and for practice to scale up CICO-HS with fidelity in high schools are discussed.

High‐frequency and intrinsic dielectric properties of β‐CaSiO3 and its application: the microstrip patch antenna

AbstractDesigning and fabricating antennas that exhibit low losses and are compact, lightweight, and highly radiation efficient are challenging in the wireless‐communication field. In this study, we simulated and fabricated microstrip patch antennas using β‐CaSiO3 low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic (LTCC) as dielectric resonator substrate. Compact ceramics that show good microwave dielectric properties (a relative dielectric constant [εr] of 6.57, high‐quality factor [Q × f] of 35 086 GHz [@14.85 GHz], and temperature coefficient of frequency [τf] of −33.56 ppm °C−1 for the optimal composition) were obtained when Li2O–CaO–B2O3–CuO glass was added to β‐CaSiO3 and sintered at 950°C. The high‐frequency properties of these composite ceramics reveal that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are stable in the 38−58 and 70−90 GHz ranges, respectively. Furthermore, a circularly polarized antenna fabricated using a CaSiO3‐based ceramic shows a high radiation efficiency (92.04%) and gain (3.35 dBi) at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz. These β‐CaSiO3 composite ceramics offer promising prospects for high‐frequency use as well as in mobile communication applications. This study provides insight for the development of innovative antennas with new LTCC materials.

Analysis and application research on key issues of channel coding

Channel coding plays a crucial role in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of communication systems, particularly when transmission channels are disrupted by noise and interference. This paper presents an in-depth review of various channel coding techniques, their applications, and future research directions. Key topics discussed include prevalent channel coding methods, such as repetition codes, convolutional codes, LDPC codes, turbo codes, and polar codes. The paper also delves into the selection of suitable channel coding parameters and their applications in digital TV, mobile and satellite communications, unmanned aerial vehicle data links, speech communication, and underwater acoustic channels. Moreover, the paper explores the performance analysis and comparison of different channel coding techniques, shedding light on their strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, the paper identifies emerging trends and challenges in channel coding research, providing valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of communication systems. By examining these techniques and future directions, this comprehensive overview aims to contribute to the development of more robust and efficient channel coding schemes for a wide range of communication applications.

Broadband Dual-Polarized Phased Array With Dynamic Scanning Control for Intelligent Mobile Communication Application

This work investigates a low-cost, broadband, dual-polarized, beamwidth reconfigurable phased array for dynamic beam-scanning control. Both the beamwidth in the E-plane and H-plane are synchronously extended by introducing the vertically polarized (VP) field components. Then, by exploring a switch-loaded omnidirectional source, a novel dual-polarized wide/narrow beamwidth switchable or reconfigurable method is proposed. To meet the demand for intelligent mobile communication for dynamic beam steering, the dual-polarized beamwidth reconfigurable radiator as the array element is used for the phased array or MIMO designs. As a proof of concept, an interesting four-element reconfigurable dual-polarized phased array is implemented in the Sub-6 GHz band. By controlling the switch states of each element, this array can be operated in two modes: <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wide-angle scanning coverage (V2V connection) and long-distance high-gain scanning (V2I communication)</i> . In wide-angle scanning mode, the main lobe of the array can scan from -60° to +55°, and its peak gain is 9.1 dBi. In long-distance high-gain scanning, this array can scan the beam in the range of [-35°, +35°] with a peak gain of 11.2 dBi. Besides, the isolation between different elements or polarization is greater than 13 dB. This reconfigurable phased array demonstrates the advantages of low-cost, broadband, and flexible beam-steering capability. It is expected to find broad applications in intelligent vehicular communication and low-cost phased array.

Going above and beyond? How parent–daycare mobile communication reconfigures the time and space dimensions of parenting

How does the use of parent–daycare mobile communication applications reconfigure the emplacement and timing of parenting? In what ways, if any, do parents’ practices challenge the distinction between warm care and cold technology? Based on 35 interviews with 18 parents, we identified 4 ways in which Aula, Denmark's parent–daycare app, reconfigures the time-space dimensions of parenting. While parents and children are apart, mobile communication via Aula allows parents to “plan ahead,” and “synchronize” expectations and schedules with those of their children and the daycare center and “look back” on their children's time away. In addition, communication via Aula enhances co-presence. Overall, this paper's findings offer an alternative to views that oppose technology and care, showing how mobile communication may reshape responsibility for childcare in the welfare state.

Sickle-shaped high gain and low profile based four port MIMO antenna for 5G and aeronautical mobile communication

The construction of the four-port MIMO antenna in the form of a sickle is provided in the article. Initially, the single port element is designed and optimized. Next, a structure with two ports is created, and lastly, a design with four ports is completed. This process is repeated until the design is optimized. Three types of parametric analysis are considered, including variations in length, widths of sickle-shaped patches, and varying sizes of DGS. The frequency range of 2–8 GHz is used for structural investigation. The − 18.77 dB of return loss was observed at 3.825 GHz for a single-element structure. The optimized one-port structure provides a return loss of − 19.79 dB at 3.825 GHz. The port design offers a bandwidth of 0.71 GHz (3.515–4.225). The four-port design represents two bands that are observed at 3 GHz and 5.43 GHz. Both bands provide the return loss at respectively − 19.79 dB and − 20.53 dB with bandwidths of 1.375 GHz (2.14–3.515) and 0.25 GHz (5.335–5.585). The healthy isolation among both transmittance and reflectance response is achieved. The low-profile material was used to create the design that was presented. The article includes a comparison of the findings that were measured and those that were simulated. The four-port design that has been shown offers a total gain of 15.93 dB, a peak co-polar value of 5.46 dB, a minimum return loss of − 20.53 dB, a peak field distribution of 46.43 A/m and a maximum bandwidth of 1.375 GHz. The values for all diversity parameters like ECC are near zero, the Negative value of TARC, Near to zero MEG, DG is almost 10 dB, and a zero value of CCL is achieved. All diversity parameter performance is within the allowable range. The design is well suited for 5G and aeronautical mobile communication applications.

Multiband deformed off-set octagonal patch antenna with improved impedance matching

A novel method is proposed to achieve a single layer miniaturized multiband side-fed microstrip patch antenna for mobile communication applications. Unlike the conventional microstrip antenna with a microstrip line side feed, the integration of a rectangular strip, triangular radiation element, and off-set octagonal radiation patch contributes to the impedance matching, radiation of the multiband signals, and reduction of the length of the regular side-fed antenna. The analysis reveals that a TM01, TM21, and TM22 modes at 1.85, 2.3, and 3.38 GHz, respectively, are excited to realize the multiband radiation. The measurements show that the proposed antenna can work in the 1850/2310/3380 MHz multiple frequency bands simultaneously and can be integrated with planar circuits using a simple structure.

A prospective longitudinal cohort study on risk factors for COVID-19 vaccination failure (RisCoin): methods, procedures and characterization of the cohort

The primary objective of the RisCoin study was to investigate the interplay of genetic, metabolic, and lifestyle factors as well as stress levels on influencing the humoral immune response after at least two COVID-19 vaccinations, primarily with mRNAs, and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections during follow-up. Here, we describe the study design, procedures, and study population. RisCoin is a prospective, monocentric, longitudinal, observational cohort study. Between October and December 2021, 4515 participants with at least two COVID-19 vaccinations, primarily BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, were enrolled at the LMU University Hospital of Munich, thereof > 4000 healthcare workers (HCW), 180 patients with inflammatory bowel disease under immunosuppression, and 119 patients with mental disorders. At enrollment, blood and saliva samples were collected to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, their neutralizing capacity against Omicron-BA.1, stress markers, metabolomics, and genetics. To ensure the confidential handling of sensitive data of study participants, we developed a data protection concept and a mobile application for two-way communication. The application allowed continuous data reporting, including breakthrough infections by the participants, despite irreversible anonymization. Up to 1500 participants attended follow-up visits every two to six months after enrollment. The study gathered comprehensive data and bio-samples of a large representative HCW cohort and two patient groups allowing analyses of complex interactions. Our data protection concept combined with the mobile application proves the feasibility of longitudinal assessment of anonymized participants. Our concept may serve as a blueprint for other studies handling sensitive data on HCW.

A Leaky Wave Antenna With Capability of Fixed-Frequency Beamforming Scanning

A novel electrically controlled leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with capability of fixed frequency beamforming scanning is proposed in this communication. The antenna is designed on substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), and the slot period of the antenna can be changed electronically by switching between “ON” and “OFF” states of PIN diodes connected to two edges of slots. Based on the reconfigurable property of slot period, the phase constant of the -1th spatial harmonic can be modified, thus the beam direction of antenna can be changed and continuous beam scanning can be realized. For specific applications in linear confined space, scanning beam with almost the same field strengths along a straight path is commonly required. Therefore, a hybrid coding method is proposed in this paper and applied to a 2×1 antenna array to realize bilateral beamforming scanning. Simulation and measurement results show that a wide beam scanning range of 99° at 5.98 GHz can be obtained in both cases of continuous beam scanning and beamforming scanning. The proposed LWA array is suitable for the future application of smart mobile communication.

Two-element MIMO antenna system for multiband millimeter-wave, 5G mobile communication, Ka-band, and future 6G applications with SAR analysis

A two element multiband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system with low specific absorption rate is proposed for Ka-band space satellite, millimeter-wave (mm-wave), fifth-generation (5G), and future sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication applications. The essential characteristics of both 5G and future 6G communications can be fulfilled by the proposed MIMO antenna design. The proposed MIMO antenna system has significant advantage of covering four relevant and usable frequency bands, i.e., 16 GHz, 25.5 GHz, 28 GHz, and 32 GHz used for the above mentioned applications. The design of the presented antenna looks like a vertical Yagi-Uda antenna with L-shaped ladder. Moreover, two circular slots and a slotted vertical stub are etched in a partially shared ground. The complete electrical dimension of the presented antenna is 6.8 λ0×5.7λ0×0.068λ0, calculated at resonating frequency 25.5 GHz, where λ0 is wavelength in free space. The geometry of the presented antenna is fabricated using Rogers RO4350TM with dielectric constant (ϵr) of 3.48, a loss tangent of 0.0025, and the substrate thickness of 0.8 mm. The presented MIMO antenna is excited with a 3 mm wide microstrip feed line having 50 Ω characteristics matched impedance. In terms of performance, the proposed antenna has achieved a reflection coefficient < - 10 dB, and isolation < -15 dB in all the resonating bands, radiation efficiency varies 72%–84%, impedance bandwidth of 4.6 GHz, 1.5 GHz, 1.11 GHz, and 7.5 GHz, and realized gain of 10.18, 12.05, 13.07, & 5.55 dBi is also achieved at frequencies 16 GHz, 25.5 GHz, 28 GHz, and 32 GHz. The achieved values for various MIMO matrices are envelope correlation coefficient > 0.0048, diversity gain of 9.98 dB, channel capacity loss < 0.00023 bits/s/Hz, and mean effective gain < -6 dB. The simulated results obtained by ANSYS I 2022 R2 (HFSS) and the experimental results measured by vector network analyzer (VNA) show a good agreement.

A Survey of Information Dissemination Model, Datasets, and Insight

Information dissemination refers to how information spreads among users on social networks. With the widespread application of mobile communication and internet technologies, people increasingly rely on information on the internet, and the mode of information dissemination is constantly changing. Researchers have performed various studies from mathematical modeling and cascade prediction perspectives to explore the previous problem. However, lacking a comprehensive review of the latest information dissemination models hinders scientific development. As a result, it is essential to review the latest models or methods. In this paper, we review information dissemination models from the past three years and conduct a detailed analysis, such as explanatory and predictive models. Moreover, we provide public datasets, evaluation metrics, and interface tools for researchers focusing more on algorithm design and modeling. Finally, we discuss the model application and future research directions. This paper aims to understand better the research progress and development trends for beginners and guide future research endeavors. We believe this article will attract more researchers’ interest and attention to the information dissemination field on social networks.

Wearable Portable Flexible Antenna Covering 4G, 5G, WLAN, GPS Applications

This paper presents a multiband planar antenna with a third-order toroidal coupling structure that has potential applications in mobile communications. The antenna is fed using a coplanar waveguide structure. The radiating body model of the antenna is obtained by scaling and nesting twice in equal proportions based on a first-order toroid. The above patch was printed on a 42 × 55 × 0.1 mm3 polyimide flexible dielectric substrate. This article explores the effect of bending in different directions on the antenna performance and explores the effect of coupling with the human body on the antenna S11. The antenna was simulated using a high-frequency structure simulator and measured in an electromagnetic microwave darkroom. The simulation results of the antenna match well with the measured results, and the maximum gain of its band coverage is 4.39 dBi. The antenna can cover the frequency bands of TD-LTE (B-TrunC) (1.447–1.467 GHz), LTE42/43 (3.4–3.8 GHz), WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz), 5G band n78 (3.4–3.8 GHz), WLAN (5.15–5.35 GHz), 5G (5.725–5.825 GHz), and other commercial bands.