Industrial Engineering Applications Research Articles

A review of applications in federated learning

Federated Learning (FL) is a collaboratively decentralized privacy-preserving technology to overcome challenges of data silos and data sensibility. Exactly what research is carrying the research momentum forward is a question of interest to research communities as well as industrial engineering. This study reviews FL and explores the main evolution path for issues exist in FL development process to advance the understanding of FL. This study aims to review prevailing application in industrial engineering to guide for the future landing application. This study also identifies six research fronts to address FL literature and help advance our understanding of FL for future optimization. This study contributes to conclude application in industrial engineering and computer science and summarize a review of applications in FL.

Assessing the impact of bivalve aquaculture on the carbon circular economy

Global production of shell calcium carbonate (CaCO3) from bivalve aquaculture amounts about 13.6 million metric tons per year. Shells, traditionally considered a waste of aquaculture activities, have recently acquired an interest under the current framework of zero waste circular economy. Shell CaCO3 is a sustainable biomaterial that could partly replace the presently dominating non-renewable mineral sources in some applications. Although the carbon footprint of powdered CaCO3 production from biological or mineral sources are about the same, the environmental impact is notably different. Furthermore, bivalve CaCO3 contributes to sequester anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) during shell formation, although this is still controversial. Anyway, the integration of bivalve aquaculture in the carbon trading market would demand that shell CaCO3 is employed in activities that sequester their CO2 for prolonged time periods. Ideally, these activities should combine 1) providing the maximum added value to the biomaterial; 2) producing the lowest carbon footprint during their life cycle; and 3) preserving the CaCO3 integrity as long as possible. In this review, we analyse the effect of bivalve consume habits, particularly mussel, on the availability of shells and their possible agricultural, industrial, and environmental engineering applications from these multiple perspectives. Furthermore, global, continental and regional demands of CaCO3 are matched with their respective mussel aquaculture productions in an effort to scale up offer and demand.

Mussel‐Inspired Adhesive Nano‐Filler for Strengthening Polyacrylamide Hydrogel

AbstractHydrogels are emerging as one of the most attractive water‐containing polymeric materials for many biomedical and industrial engineering applications. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are often used as filler material to overcome the drawbacks of conventional hydrogels. However, weak frictional interaction of CNC with the polymeric backbone of hydrogels in the presence of water has limited its applications. Herein, we report a mussel‐inspired preparation of a new bio‐based nano‐filler by grafting dopamine (DOPA) over the carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal (CCN), which has been obtained by oxidizing CNC extracted from sawdust. The swelling of polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels has been significantly suppressed by the incorporation of the modified filler. In contrast, the mechanical properties like Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness of PAM hydrogels increased remarkably indicating a strong interaction of CNC‐DOPA with the PAM chains. For instance, the tensile strength increased from 19 kPa for the CNC‐PAM to 39 kPa for the CCN‐DOPA‐PAM. Interestingly, insertion of only 1 % (w/w) CCN‐DOPA has led to the enhancement of the mechanical strength of PAM even more than that caused by the insertion of 4 % pristine CNC. The spectroscopic data along with the morphological analysis of the composite hydrogels suggest strong hydrogen bonding of DOPA moiety and the PAM backbone is responsible for this incredible improvement of the mechanical strength.

Role of dipole interactions in Darcy–Forchheimer first-order velocity slip nanofluid flow of Williamson model with Robin conditions

Ferrofluids (FF) have numerous applications in biomedical, industrial and mechanical engineering. It characteristics make it helpful for a wide range of uses like in computer hard drives, loudspeakers, rotating shaft motors, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and so many others. In this communication, characteristics of magnetized first order Darcy–Forchheimer ferrofluid slip flow of non-Newtonian (Williamson fluid) towards a flat surface of stretched sheet in the presence of chemical reaction, Brownian motion, activation energy, thermophoresis diffusion, mixed convection and Robin condition is addressed. Appropriate similarity transportations are used to alter the complicated and nonlinear PDE’s into ODE’s and computational results are obtained through bvp4c technique (built-in-shooting). Furthermore, the engineering quantities (skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number) are numerically elaborated with the help important flow parameters. In summary, a proper location of magnetic dipole can adjust the heat and mass transfer rate and flow field to fit the practical application.

Filtration performance of the granular bed filter used for industrial flue gas purification: A review of simulation and experiment

The dust particles contained in the industrial flue gas are discharged from many industrial factories, which have seriously polluted the air and endangered the health of not only human beings but also the animals living on the earth, so they are gaining much attention all over the world. In order to provide possible solutions to the above problems, many filtration technologies have been proposed and developed. As a promising filtration method, the granular bed filter (GBF) based filtration technology has been widely used in the filtration of high temperature flue gas with complex components in recent years owing to its advantages of high efficiency, low cost, simplicity, and resistance to high temperature and high pressure. Inspired by the development of numerical simulation method and experimental technology, the performance of GBF has been optimized and improved, much deeper insight of the formation and growth of dust particles has been obtained. This review focus on the basic principle of the GBF and its performance investigated by numerical and experimental methods. The reviews and outlooks of investigations on the influence factors of GBF filtration performance and the development of performance optimization method of the GBF were also presented. In addition, the microscale mechanism of the agglomeration and growth of dust particles contained in the industrial flue gas during the filtration in the GBF by means of molecular dynamics simulation were introduced, the numerical and experimental method of dust particles filtration in GBF were also discussed. Finally, available recommendations for future research of GBF are proposed, which is expected to be helpful for actual industrial engineering applications.

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

Fiber Bragg grating has embraced the area of fiber optics since the early days of its discovery, and most fiber optic sensor systems today make use of fiber Bragg grating technology. Researchers have gained enormous attention in the field of fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing due to its inherent advantages, such as small size, fast response, distributed sensing, and immunity to the electromagnetic field. Fiber Bragg grating technology is popularly used in measurements of various physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and strain for civil engineering, industrial engineering, military, maritime, and aerospace applications. Nowadays, strong emphasis is given to structure health monitoring of various engineering and civil structures, which can be easily achieved with FBG-based sensors. Depending on the type of grating, FBG can be uniform, long, chirped, tilted or phase shifted having periodic perturbation of refractive index inside core of the optical fiber. Basic fundamentals of FBG and recent progress of fiber Bragg grating-based sensors used in various applications for temperature, pressure, liquid level, strain, and refractive index sensing have been reviewed. A major problem of temperature cross sensitivity that occurs in FBG-based sensing requires temperature compensation technique that has also been discussed in this paper.

A PCISPH implementation using distributed multi-GPU acceleration for simulating industrial engineering applications

Predictive–corrective incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (PCISPH) is a promising variant of the particle-based fluid modeling technique smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). In PCISPH, a dedication prediction–correction scheme is employed which allows for using a larger time step and thereby outperforms other SPH variants by up to one order of magnitude. However, certain characteristics of the PCISPH lead to severe synchronization problems that, thus far, prevented PCISPH from being applied to industrial scenarios where high performance computing techniques need to leveraged in order to simulate in appropriate resolution. In this work, we are for the first time, presenting a highly accelerated PCISPH implementation which employs a distributed multi-GPU architecture. To that end, dedicated optimization techniques are presented that allow to overcome the drawbacks caused by the algorithmic characteristics of PCISPH. Experimental evaluations on a standard dam break test case and an industrial water splash scenario confirm that PCISPH can be efficiently employed to model real-world scenarios involving a large number of particles.

Mode shape transformation for model error localization with modal strain energy

A modeling error location method based on modal strain energy is presented in this paper. Errors in the design model with shell elements are located by an error indicator which is based on changes between the equivalent modal strain energy and the modal strain energy of the design model. The equivalent modal strain energy is defined as a quadratic form using the stiffness matrix of the design model and the mode shape of the reference coming from the sophisticated and high fidelity finite-element model, called the supermodel, or the full-field measurement. The major obstacle to obtain the equivalent modal strain energy is how to match the mode shapes of a solid element and those of a shell element since each node of the solid element contains only three translation degrees of freedom (dofs) while each node of the shell element has six dofs, including three translation and three rotation components. In order to solve this problem, a mode shape transformation method from the solid element to the shell element is proposed using the shape functions or linear approximation. Using this approach, the errors in the design model can be determined and the updating parameters can be selected so that the updated model has physical meaning and can represent the dynamic characteristics of the real structure. The simulation of a simple plate is used initially to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Then, a rotor test rig casing is taken as an example for further investigation. A comparison of the updating parameters selected by the proposed method and the traditional sensitivity analysis technique is then undertaken. It is verified that the updating parameters selected based on error location have physical sense and represent the true errors in the design model through the updating results. The advantage of this technique is that only detailed mode shapes from the reference is required. The approach shows potential for further industrial engineering applications.

Permeability of fractal porous materials composed of different combinations of capillary tubes

Non-Newtonian fluid flows in porous materials are important in many industrial engineering and bio-engineering applications. Emerging fields have led to personalised design of porous structures used, e.g., in biomaterials. Here, prefractal porous material to transport power-law fluids is studied. Materials formed by bundles of capillary tubes and dendritic networks of tubes are considered. As a result, approaches to quantity the permeability are presented in terms of void fraction of the material, maximum capillary diameter and fractal dimensions. Our approaches enable a better understanding of flow characteristics in these materials, and their consequences for designers of engineering applications such as for microfluidic devices.

Unsteady Jeffrey-Hamel Flow in the Presence of Oblique Magnetic Field with Suction and Injection

In this study, the magnetohydrodynamic flow of an incompressible, viscous electrically conducting fluid through a convergent-divergent channel in the presence of an oblique variable magnetic field to the flow with a case of suction and injection on the walls has been investigated. The velocity profiles, temperature profiles, the effects of injection and suction, time, induced magnetic field and the effects of varying various parameters on the flow have been investigated. The equations governing the MHD flow are solved by the collocation method and the results presented in graphs. The velocity, temperature, and magnetic induction increases with the increase in the suction parameter and decrease in the wedge angle while velocity, temperature, and magnetic induction reduce with the increase in the injection parameter. The velocity, temperature and magnetic induction increase with the increase in the Hartmann number. The results of this study will be useful information to the engineers to improve the performance and efficiency of machines in the industrial, environmental, aerospace, chemical, civil, mechanical and biomechanical engineering applications.

Permeability of fractal porous materials composed of different combinations of capillary tubes

Non-Newtonian fluid flows in porous materials are important in many industrial engineering and bio-engineering applications. Emerging fields have led to personalised design of porous structures used, e.g., in biomaterials. Here, prefractal porous material to transport power-law fluids is studied. Materials formed by bundles of capillary tubes and dendritic networks of tubes are considered. As a result, approaches to quantity the permeability are presented in terms of void fraction of the material, maximum capillary diameter and fractal dimensions. Our approaches enable a better understanding of flow characteristics in these materials, and their consequences for designers of engineering applications such as for microfluidic devices.

Influence of calcined snail shell particulates on mechanical properties of recycled aluminium alloy for automotive application

Nowadays, low-cost particulate reinforced metal matrix composites with improve mechanical properties are highly sought in various industrial and critical engineering applications including automotive and aerospace sectors. Meanwhile, increasing consumption rate of African giant land snail (Archachatina marginata) had been posing disposal challenges of its shells. Therefore, this paper tends to investigates the influence of waste snail shells particulates on the physical and mechanical properties of recycled aluminum- silicon alloy matrix. Different weight proportions i.e. (0 - 7.5) wt% of calcined snail shell particles at an interval of 1.5 wt% were successfully incorporated into Al-Si alloy matrix melted at 750 ?C using stir-casting route. The microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of the resulting composites were examined and presented. Microstructural examination shows fairly uniform dispersion of snail shell particles in the aluminium alloy matrix intermingled with aluminium-silicon dendrites. Mechanical properties such as hardness, impact, compressive and tensile strengths increased with increasing addition of calcined snail shell particulate up to 6 wt% while density and elongation decreases. The total equivalent density reduction of 5.4% in composites compared to unreinforced alloy was obtained at 7.5 wt% snail shell addition. The maximum hardness, impact, compressive and tensile strengths obtained are 118?4 HV, 88 J, 552?20 MPa and 211 ? 4.8 MPa equivalent to 21, 25, 19 and 36 percent increase respectively relative to un-reinforced aluminium-silicon alloy. Hence, mechanical and physical properties of Al-Si alloy can be enhanced using calcined snail shell particulates which can widen its application in automotive industries.

A logarithmic descent direction algorithm for the quadratic knapsack problem

The quadratic knapsack problem is an NP-hard optimization problem with many diverse applications in industrial and management engineering. However, computational complexities still remain in the quadratic knapsack problem. In this study, a logarithmic descent direction algorithm is proposed to approximate a solution to the quadratic knapsack problem. The proposed algorithm is based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker necessary optimality condition and the damped Newton method. The convergence of the algorithm is proven, and the numerical results indicate its effectiveness.

Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Metals and Alloys (CMA), 19-22 August 2019, Beijing, China

List of Chairman, Co-chairman and International Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.EditorialThis volume contains the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Metals and Alloys (CMA), 19-22 August 2019, Beijing, China.The overall objective of the conference is to bring together international scientists and engineers in academia and industry in fields related to research in metals and alloys, more specifically related to their mechanical behaviour, material properties, metallurgical behaviour and microstructures etc., and their applications to a wide range of engineering disciplines. All types of metals, e.g. iron, brass, copper, aluminium, steel, etc., and all types of alloys, e.g. stainless steel, alloys of gold and silver, high temperature alloys, magnetic alloys, etc., are considered in CMA conference. The conference covers industrial engineering applications of metals and alloys to Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, etc. The presentations of CMA 2019 are divided into two main sessions on metals and alloys. The papers that are presented in CMA 2019 include application to automotive industry, fatigue problems, nanomaterials, steel production, high temperature performance of metals and alloys, microstructural characterization, welded structures, surface treatment and sintering process. The conference gathers international scientists from more than 20 different countries.The organising committee is grateful to the keynote speaker; Prof. Shouxun Ji, Reader in Materials, BCAST, Institute of Materials and Manufacturing, Brunel University London, UK, for his keynote lecture entitled ‘Development of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Based Aluminium Alloys for Automotive Powertrain at Elevated Temperatures’.Special thanks go to members of the Scientific Committee of CMA 2019 for reviewing the articles published in this volume and for judging their scientific merits. Based on the comments of reviewers and the scientific merits of the submitted manuscripts, the articles were accepted for publication in the conference proceedings and for presentation at the conference venue. The accepted papers are of a very high scientific quality and contribute to advancement of knowledge in all research topics relevant to CMA conference.Finally, the organising committee would like to thank all authors, who have contributed to this volume and presented their research work at the confrence venue in Beijing, China.Professor Magd Abdel WahabChairman of CMA 2019

Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Numerical Modelling in Engineering (NME), 19-22 August 2019, Beijing, China

List of Chairman and International Scientific Committee members are available in this pdf.EditorialThis volume contains the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Numerical Modelling in Engineering (NME), 19-22 August 2019, Beijing, China. Numerical Modelling in Engineering 2019 is the 2nd NME conference, whereas the 1st NME conference was celebrated in Ghent (Belgium, 2018).The overall objective of the conference is to bring together international scientists and engineers in academia and industry in fields related to advanced numerical techniques, such as FEM, BEM, IGA, etc., and their applications to a wide range of engineering disciplines. The conference covers industrial engineering applications of numerical simulations to Civil Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Biomedical Engineering, etc. The presentations of NME 2019 are divided into two main sessions, namely 1) Mechanical and Materials Engineering and 2) Civil Engineering. The papers that are presented in NME 2019 include stress analysis, thermal analysis, solid structures, fluid mechanics, contact mechanics, biomechanics, Acoustic analysis, finite element analysis and boundary element analysis. The conference gathers international scientists from more than 20 different countries.The organising committee is grateful to keynote speakers; Prof. Guirong Liu, University of Cincinnati, USA, for his keynote lecture entitled ‘Numerical Methods: Indispensable Tools for Engineering Applications’ and Professor Hussam Mahmoud, George T. Abell Professor in Infrastructure, the Department of Civil Engineering, Colorado State University (CSU), USA, for his keynote lecture entitled ‘Advances in Computational Methods for the Assessment of Structures under Fires and Fire Following Earthquakes’.Special thanks go to members of the Scientific Committee of NME 2019 for reviewing the articles published in this volume and for judging their scientific merits. Based on the comments of reviewers and the scientific merits of the submitted manuscripts, the articles were accepted for publication in the conference proceedings and for presentation at the conference venue. The accepted papers are of a very high scientific quality and contribute to advancement of knowledge in all research topics relevant to NME conference.Finally, the organising committee would like to thank all authors, who have contributed to this volume and presented their research work at the confrence venue in Beijing, China.Professor Magd Abdel WahabChairman of NME 2019

Quality Index Charts of Al-Si-Mg Semi Solid Alloys Subjected to Multiple Temperatures Aging Treatments and Different Quenching Media.

The use of quality index charts is considered as an effective mean for evaluating the mechanical performance of Aluminum alloys for industrial engineering applications. The current study was carried out to investigate the influences of multiple-interrupted temperatures aging and quenching media (water versus air) on the quality index performance and precipitations evolution of A357 Aluminum semi solid alloys. Regarding the lack of similar investigations applied on such alloys, the quality index charts were generated for Al-Si-Mg semi solid castings based on its tensile properties. These charts are used to determine the quality index, in MPa, as a simple mean for compromising the strength and ductility together in one value using the Drouzy model. The multiple temperatures aging cycles were applied to improve the quality index values of Al-Si-Mg semi solid alloys for enhancing its characteristic and performance to resist the mechanical failures relating to automotive dynamic parts. The evolution of Mg2Si hardening precipitates, formed for specific thermal aging cycles, was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results obtained in this work revealed that the optimum quality index values were obtained by the application of T6-thermal under-aging treatment cycles. The regression models, using a statistical design of experiments, indicated that the optimum strength and high-quality index values were obtained by the application of interrupted thermal aging cycles, mainly C2,3-T6/T4/T7 conditions.

Design of Observer-Based Fault Detection Structure for Unknown Systems using Input–Output Measurements: Practical Application to BLDC Drive

Abstract Industrial systems serve us in all areas of life. Faults may result in economic loss and wasting energy. Detecting the onset of faults, and determining their location are important engineering tasks. An important class of fault detection (FD) and diagnosis methods utilizes the mathematical model of the monitored system. But, the parameters required for mathematical modelling are limited or unavailable for the most real industrial engineering applications. Observer-based FD is one of the main approaches to FD and identification. At the same time, the traditional observer’s gain calculation required system model parameters. So, this article presents the design of a novel observer for FD purposes using the input–output measurements of the system with unknown parameters. This proposed observer’s design considers observer’s gain tuning, regardless of the mathematical representation of the plant. This the new feature that distinction our observer will facilitate the implementation of FD systems for many unknown parameters industrial systems. The effectiveness of the proposed observer is verified by experimental application to BLDC motor and compared with classical Luenberger observer. The experimental and comparison results prove feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed observer for FD purposes.

Smooth estimates of multiple quantiles in dynamically varying data streams

In this paper, we investigate the problem of estimating multiple quantiles when samples are received online (data stream). We assume a dynamical system, i.e., the distribution of the samples from the data stream changes with time. A major challenge of using incremental quantile estimators to track multiple quantiles is that we are not guaranteed that the monotone property of quantiles will be satisfied, i.e, an estimate of a lower quantile might erroneously overpass that of a higher quantile estimate. Surprisingly, we have only found two papers in the literature that attempt to counter these challenges, namely the works of Cao et al. (Proceedings of the first ACM workshop on mobile internet through cellular networks, ACM, 2009) and Hammer and Yazidi (Proceedings of the 30th international conference on industrial engineering and other applications of applied intelligent systems (IEA/AIE), France, Springer, 2017) where the latter is a preliminary version of the work in this paper. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art incremental quantile estimator called deterministic update-based multiplicative incremental quantile estimator (DUMIQE), due to Yazidi and Hammer (IEEE Trans Cybernet, 2017), fails to guarantee the monotone property when estimating multiple quantiles. A challenge with the solutions, in Cao et al. (2009) and Hammer and Yazidi (2017), is that even though the estimates satisfy the monotone property of quantiles, the estimates can be highly irregular relative to each other which usually is unrealistic from a practical point of view. In this paper, we suggest to generate the quantile estimates by inserting the quantile probabilities (e.g., $$0.1, 0.2, \ldots , 0.9$$) into a monotonically increasing and infinitely smooth function (can be differentiated infinitely many times). The function is incrementally updated from the data stream. The monotonicity and smoothness of the function ensure that both the monotone property and regularity requirement of the quantile estimates are satisfied. The experimental results show that the method performs very well and estimates multiple quantiles more precisely than the original DUMIQE (Yazidi and Hammer 2017), and the approaches reported in Hammer and Yazidi (2017) and Cao et al. (2009).

Effect of Industrial Waste on Chemical and Water Absorption of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Composites

Cement by-pass dust (CBPD) is a by-product of cement manufacturing plants, whereas the cenosphere flyash is generated by the coal based power plants. Cenosphere flyash and CBPD were used as particulate fillers to manufacture the bidirectional bamboo fiber reinforced polymer composites. In the present work two different sets of composites were fabricated using normal bidirectional bamboo fibers for one set and the alkali treated bidirectional bamboo fibers for the other set. For each set, filler materials were introduced with varying composition to fabricate the different samples. The fabricated samples are proposed to have a large number of industrial and civil engineering applications. In order to check their long term suitability, chemical resistance and water absorption properties were studied and a comparative analysis has been carried out between the different levels of fillers for both sets of composites. Composite samples with fillers were found to have good chemical resistance toward acids, solvents, and alkalis. These composites have also shown better water resistance over the corresponding neat composites (without fillers).

Investigation of PTFE Tribological Properties Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been widely applied in industrial engineering applications. Its tribological behaviors are extensively studied using the experimental method. However, the friction and wear mechanisms of PTFE still need to be investigated from a microscopic point of view. In this study, we established a two-layer PTFE frictional model to simulate the frictional behaviors of PTFE using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and verified it by experiments. To directly compare the MD simulation results to the experimental results, the motion form, range of the external load, relative velocity, and environmental temperature matched each other as closely as possible. We found that the increment of normal force is faster than that of the friction force with an increase in the external load applied to the upper layer, resulting in an apparent decrease in the friction coefficient and an increase in wear depth. The smaller PTFE fragments correspond to a higher contact temperature for a fixed external load. The higher contact temperature induced a higher mobility increasing the friction force, thereby enhancing the friction coefficient. However, the influence of PTFE fragments on the friction coefficient is unremarkable compared to the external load.