High-performance Supercapacitor Applications Research Articles

Waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic derived Zn-MOF for high performance supercapacitor application

A simple chemical approach was used to prepare Zn-MOF or MOF-5 derived from polyethylene terephthalate bottles for supercapacitor applications. The morphology, and structure of PET-derived MOFs were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and BET surface area and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The BET surface area of MOF-5 was determined to be 88 m2g−1 and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis, showed the type-IV isotherms and suggest the existence of capillary condensation within the meso- and micropore structures. An excellent specific capacitance ranging from 341 to 191 F g−1 recorded form the scan rate of 2–200 mV s−1 by CV for Zn-MOF. Moreover, the highest specific capacitance 353 F g−1 calculated at 0.5 A/g current density. The highest value of specific capacitance Cs 353 F g−1 was found for lowest current density of 0.5 A/g. An excellent cyclic stability was obtained after running 2000 cyclic runs at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. The small semicircle of EIS plot exhibits superior electrochemical performance of the Zn-MOF. The waste PET plastic derived Zn-MOF showed an excellent supercapacitor performance which can be utilized in energy storage applications. This approach not only facilitates environmental remediation but also offers a valuable organic linker for energy material synthesis.

One-pot synthesis of phosphorous, iodine atoms co-functionalized graphene for high-performance supercapacitor and flame-retardant applications

There has been extensive research on heteroatom-doped graphene for electrochemical energy storage and flame-retardant (FR) applications. Herein, we used a one-pot method for developing phosphorous, iodine co-doped reduced graphene oxide (PI@rGO) from red phosphorus and iodine via in situ graphene oxide (GO) reduction for supercapacitor and FR applications. In a symmetrical two-electrode cell device, the as-prepared PI@rGO demonstrated good super capacitive performance of 178 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, along with an exceptional energy density of 20 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1791 W kg−1. The as-synthesized PI@rGO demonstrated outstanding cyclic stability at a high current density of 10 A g−1, retaining up to 84 % of its initial capacitance after more than 6000 recurrent charge–discharge cycles. The synthesized PI@rGO showed excellent FR properties toward cotton fabric and sustained cotton fabric up to 337 s with continuous flame exposure. The control cotton fabric was completely burned in 16 s. The synthesized PI@rGO coated cotton fabric showed an excellent value of 39 % limiting oxygen index and residual char length of 2 cm. With the excellent super capacitive performance and FR properties, PI@rGO can be a promising candidate for different applications including supercapacitors and FR products.

Porous α-Fe2O3 Hollow Rods/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites Templated by MoO3 Nanobelts for High-Performance Supercapacitor Applications.

Porous α-Fe2O3 hollow rods/reduced graphene oxide (α-Fe2O3 HR/RGO) composites with unique morphological characteristics and a high surface area are prepared through a template strategy, which was systematically studied and found to have outstanding supercapacitive properties. When served as active material in a three-electrode setup, the optimized α-Fe2O3 HR/RGO-30, comprised 76.5 wt% α-Fe2O3 and 23.2 wt% RGO, was able to offer the largest specific capacitance of 426.3 F g-1, an excellent rate capability as well as satisfactory cycle life with capacitance retention of 87.7% and Coulombic efficiency of 98.9% after continuously charging/discharging at 10 A g-1 for beyond 10,000 cycles. Such electrochemical behaviors of the α-Fe2O3 HR/RGO-30 electrode can rival or even surpass those of many Fe2O3-based electrodes documented in the previous literature. Later, a symmetric supercapacitor cell of α-Fe2O3 HR/RGO-30//α-Fe2O3 HR/RGO-30 was fabricated. The assembled device offers the maximum energy density of 18.7 Wh kg-1, and also exhibits commendable rate capability, and features stable cycling durability (with capacitance retention of 83.2% together with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.3% after 10,000-cycle charge/discharge at 5 A g-1). These notable electrochemical performances enable the α-Fe2O3 HR/RGO-30 composite to be a high-potential material for advanced energy storage systems.

ReS2/CoS heterostructure catalysts for electrochemical application in hydrogen evolution and supercapacitor

Development of Nano-heterostructures based on transition metal chalcogenides is promising strategy to accelerate the catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and supercapacitor application. The design and development of non-noble transition metal based catalysts is required for the low-cost, efficient and earth-abundant electrodes for sustainable energy conversion and storage. ReS2/CoS heterostructures were synthesized by two step methods involving liquid phase exfoliation of ReS2 and hydrothermal decoration of CoS. The prepared ReS2/CoS heterostructures shows high performance supercapacitor applications with specific capacitance of 663.2 F/g at 2 A/g and 643.1 F/g at scan rate 5 mV/s, showing enhanced redox reaction and number of electrochemically active sites due to synergistic effect and modulated electronic structure. Additionally, ReS2/CoS heterostructures shows the superior HER performance in alkaline condition with overpotential of 187 mV at 10 mA/cm2 due to accelerated kinetics, enhanced ECSA and low charge transfer resistance. The ReS2/CoS heterostructures shows the stable electrochemical performance for HER for more than 17 h.

Investigation of surfactant assisted Fe2(MoO4)3/rGO nanocomposite for supercapacitor application

Utilizing a hydrothermal method with PEG-6000 as a surfactant material, this study presents the synthesis of Fe2(MoO4)3 nanoparticles and their nanocomposites with carbonaceous material in the form of rGO. Comprehensive fundamental characterization studies, including XRD, Raman, and FTIR, confirm the monoclinic crystal structure of Fe2(MoO4)3 and its nanocomposites. Nanorod-structured Fe2(MoO4)3/PEG/rGO exhibits a surface area of 78.571 m2/g with pore volume of 0.202 cc/g. Electrochemical analyses, employing techniques such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge (GCD), and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), underscore the remarkable performance of the synthesized electrodes. Notably, the Fe2(MoO4)3/PEG/rGO electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 575.13F/g at a scan rate of 10 mV/s and demonstrates significant cyclic retention over 20,000 cycles at a current density of 20 A/g in GCD analysis. This work highlights the promising electrochemical attributes of Fe2(MoO4)3/PEG/rGO electrodes, showcasing their potential for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

Facile synthesis of chromium oxide composite carbon (Cr2O3/C) nanostructures by solvothermal route for high performance supercapacitor applications

In today’s generation, electrical energy use is increased day to day, that leads to energy storage devices fabrication to store electrical energy. We make use of transition metals which play an essential role in supercapacitor applications due to their capacitive performance and environmentally eco-friendly. Ni, Co, Cr, V, Fe, etc., shows better capacitive performance. Transition metal-oxide based electrode plays an important role in enhancing capacitance in supercapacitor application. Cr2O3/C nano oxide material was prepared by solvothermal method. Chromium oxide and its carbon composite comparative study were analyzed. The composite metal oxide exhibited high capacitance compared to chromium oxide. The electrochemical action was analyzed and its capacitive behavior is tabulated. Various characterizations have proved the formation of desired material and morphology. Hence, unary metal oxides may be encouraging materials for supercapacitor application.

Heterogeneous Fe doped NiCo-layered double hydroxides grown on nickel foam induce spin exchange interactions for magnetization and high-performance supercapacitor applications

Supercapacitors have attained many attentions since their unique features of high power density and excellent cycle life. However, the great challenge for practical applications is that the energy density is much lower than fuel batteries. Herein, we develop a simple strategy to rationally design nanostructured FeNiCo-Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) self-assembled on 3D nickel foam (NF) by using a hydrothermal technique and their supercapacitors behaviors are studied in this works. Benefiting from the synergistic modulation of redox-active sites, Faradaic redox reaction and spin exchange interactions, FeNiCo-LDHs/NF displays ferromagnetism at room temperature and shows advanced supercapacitor property with a high specific capacity of 2284.7 F g−1 at 2 A g−1. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is assembled using FeNiCo-LDHs/NF as the anode and active carbon (AC) as the cathode, exhibiting excellent supercapacitor property. A considerable energy density is up to 133.7 W h kg−1 at a power density of 3.2 kW kg−1 and the capacitance is retained at 97.9% even after 5000 cycles. The results can provide an efficient fabrication for further advancing the energy density of bimetallic LDHs in energy storage applications.

Construction of hierarchical NiCo2 S4 /2D-Carbyne nanohybrid onto nickel foam for high performance supercapacitor and non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor applications.

Synthesising and designing pseudocapacitive material with good electrochemical and electrocatalytic behaviour is essential to use as supercapacitor as well as non-enzymatic glucose sensor electrode. In this work, NiCo2 S4 nanoparticles decorated onto the 2D-Carbyne nanosheets are achieved by the solvothermal process. The as-prepared NiCo2 S4 @2D-Carbyne provides rich reaction sites and better diffusion pathways. On usage as an electrode for supercapacitor application, the NiCo2 S4 @2D-Carbyne exhibits the specific capacitance of about 2507 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 . In addition, the fabricated hybrid device generates an energy density of 52.2 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 1.01 kW kg-1 . Besides, the glucose oxidation behaviour of NiCo2 S4 @2D-Carbyne modified GCE has also been performed. The diffusion of glucose from the electrolyte to the electrode obeys the kinetic control process. Furthermore, the fabricated NiCo2 S4 @2D-Carbyne non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits a limit of detection of about 34.5 μM with a sensitivity of about 135 μA mM-1 cm-2 . These findings highlight the need to design and synthesis electrode materials with adequate electrolyte-electrode contact, strong structural integrity, and rapid ion/electron transport.

Ni9S8/Ni17S18@C nanocrystals derived by Ni-MOF precursor for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor applications

Compared with batteries and conventional capacitors, supercapacitors have become a hot research topic in the electrochemically energy-storing domain benefiting from their preponderances. The selection of electrode materials determines the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. TMSs derived from MOFs show promising potential for the supercapacitors. We have designed a complex of Ni9S8 and Ni17S18 with carbon layers coating by using Ni-MOF as a precursor (Ni9S8/Ni17S18@C). Ni9S8/Ni17S18@C derived from Ni-MOF is obtained by high temperature vulcanization. The presence of the peculiar heterostructure of two-phase metal sulfides in the Ni9S8/Ni17S18@C can expose ample active sites, which can accelerate the ion diffusion process. The mass specific capacity of Ni9S8/Ni17S18@C can reach 998.5C·g−1 at 1 A·g−1, and still retains 80.02 % of its original permittance after 5000 charging-discharging cycles. The synergistic effect between metal sulfides and carbon allows more ions to be transported quickly, contributing to improved capacity and excellent magnification performance. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) assembled with Ni9S8/Ni17S18@C as the positive pole and porous carbons (PCs) as the negative electrode can achieve an energy density of 58.88 Wh·kg−1 at the power density of 799.63 W·kg−1 and exhibits excellent cycling stability.

Enhancement of crystallinity with porosity material through solvent and thermal treated eggshell waste for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Enhancement of crystallinity with porosity material through solvent and thermal treated eggshell waste for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Morphology and structure control of lignin-derived hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors

Lignin-derived porous carbon (LDPC) is a low-cost and sustainable electrode material for supercapacitors. However, the complex three-dimensional amorphous structure of lignin brings challenges to the morphology and structure control of LDPC, which limits the electrochemical performance of these electrodes. Herein, a series of LDPCs with different particle morphologies and hierarchical pore structures are prepared by spray drying and KOH activation. It is found that the morphology and structure of LDPCs can be effectively controlled by adjusting the spray drying temperature and KOH ratio. A systematic investigation has been conducted on the relationship between the morphology and structure of LDPCs and their electrochemical performance. The preferred LDPC exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, showing high specific capacitances of 372.5 F g−1 and 264.8 F g−1 at current densities of 0.2 A g−1 and 20 A g−1, respectively, in the three-electrode test. The symmetric supercapacitor assembled with the LDPC electrode material exhibits superior cycling stability and energy density. After 10000 cycles of continuous charging and discharging at current density of 1 A g−1, the specific capacitance retention is as high as 96.4%. When the power density is 493.3 W kg−1, the energy density reaches ∼9.1 Wh kg−1. This work offers a viable method for regulating the morphology and structure of LDPC electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor application.

Candle soot carbon-Co3O4 nanofibers composite as a binder-free electrode for high-performance supercapacitor application: An experimental and theoretical investigation

Extensive research has been conducted on nanostructured metal oxide electrodes for energy storage applications, particularly in supercapacitors, owing to their high specific capacitance. However, a major hindrance to their commercialization is their limited life cycles. To address this issue, incorporating carbon allotropes as a conductive support to enhance the electrode's stability has been explored. In the current work, a novel composite material was synthesized by combining candle soot carbon with cobalt oxide (Co3O4) to create a highly efficient electrode. The optimal composite, with a 2 wt% of candle soot carbon to Co3O4, exhibited utmost specific capacitance (997.5 Fg−1) at 1 Ag−1. After subjecting both electrodes to 10,000 cycles of repetitive charge and discharge, the composite demonstrated a capacitance retention of 83.3 %, while the Co3O4 electrode only achieved 75 % under identical conditions. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigations were performed to elucidate the improved charge-storing capacities of the composite electrode. The computed density of states indicates enrichment of energy states near the Fermi level in the composite when seen to pristine Co3O4. The Partial Density of States (PDOS) analysis illustrates the transportation of charge from the carbon p orbital (candle soot carbon) to the Co d orbital (Co3O4), validating the conductivity improvement in the hybrid configuration, which benefits from enhanced charge storage performance. Overall, the composite material is promising for hybrid supercapacitors, especially due to the incorporation of candle soot carbon as one of its components. It not only enhances the performance of the supercapacitor but also offers the advantage of being a renewable material derived from waste materials. This combination makes the composite an appealing and sustainable choice for next-generation energy storage devices.

Exploring the potential of reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline (rGO@PANI) nanocomposites for high-performance supercapacitor application

This study introduces a facile synthesis method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with surface decoration of polyaniline (PANI). The resultant rGO@PANI nanocomposite (NC) exhibit substantial potential as advanced electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. The strategic integration of PANI onto the rGO surface serves dual purposes, effectively mitigating agglomeration of rGO films and augmenting their utility in supercapacitor applications. The PANI coating manifests a highly porous and nanosized morphology, fostering increased surface area and optimized mass transport by reducing diffusion kinetics. The nanosized structure of PANI contributes to the maximization of active sites, thereby bolstering the efficacy of the nanocomposites for diverse applications. The inherent conductive nature of the rGO surface significantly expedites electron transport, thereby amplifying the overall electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites. To systematically evaluate the influence of PANI concentration on the electrode performance, varying concentrations of PANI were incorporated. Notably, an elevated PANI concentration was found to enhance the response owing to the unique morphology of PANI. Remarkably, the 5 % rGO@PANI NC emerged as the most promising candidate, demonstrating exceptional response characteristics with a specific capacitance of 314.2 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, this catalyst exhibits outstanding long-term stability, retaining approximately 92 % of its capacitance even after enduring 4000 cycles. This research underscores the significance of the synergistic integration of rGO and PANI in the design of high-performance supercapacitors. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms governing the improved electrochemical properties contributes to the fundamental understanding of nanocomposite behavior, thereby paving the way for the rational design of next-generation energy storage materials.

Synergistic effect of bimetallic NiCo-MOF on foamed nickel for application in high-performance supercapacitors

In this study, a series of bimetallic NiCo-MOFs with nanorod-like structures were successfully prepared on a foamed nickel skeleton.

Eco-friendly synthesis of an α-Fe2O3/rGO nanocomposite and its application in high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.

This work presents an innovative and environmentally friendly biological synthesis approach for producing α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) and the successful synthesis of α-Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposites (NCs). This novel synthesis route utilizes freshly extracted albumin, serving as both a reducing agent and a stabilizing agent, rendering it eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sustainable. A combination of characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was employed to predict and confirm the formation of the as-synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs and α-Fe2O3/rGO NCs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified the anisotropic nature of the synthesized nanoparticles. To gain insight into the enhanced capacitance of the α-Fe2O3/rGO NCs, a series of electrochemical tests, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and stability assessments, were conducted in a conventional three-electrode configuration. Furthermore, a two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was fabricated to assess the practical viability of this material. The α-Fe2O3/rGO NCs exhibited a remarkable potential window of 2 V in an aqueous electrolyte, coupled with exceptional cycling stability. Even after undergoing 10 000 cycles, the capacitive retention exceeded 100%, underlining the promising potential of this material for advanced energy storage applications.

Lead-free halide perovskites for high-performance thin-film flexible supercapacitor applications

The growing interest in smart portable electronic devices demands a flexible and lightweight power supply.

In situ growth of binder-free CoNi0.5-MOF/CC electrode for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitor application.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with binder-free electrodes have shown promise for portable electrochemical energy storage applications. However, their low specific capacitance and challenges associated with the attachment of active materials to the substrate constrain their practical utility. In this research, we prepared a CoNi0.5-MOF/CC electrode by in situ growth of CoNi0.5-MOF on an H2O2-pretreated carbon cloth (CC) without using any binder. It exhibits a higher specific capacitance of 1337.5 F g-1 than that of CoNi0.5-MOF (∼578 F g-1) at a current density of 1 A g-1 and an excellent rate ability of 88% specific capacitance retention at a current density of 10 A g-1 after 6000 cycles. The as-assembled flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor based on the CoNi0.5-MOF/CC positive electrode and a nitrogen-doped graphene (N-Gr) negative electrode exhibits an energy density of 61.46 W h kg-1 at a power density of 1244.56 W kg-1 and holds a stable capacitance of ∼125 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 when the flexible supercapacitor is bent, showing great potential for flexible electronics application. The H2O2 is indicated to play an important role, enhancing the adhesion of CoNi0.5-MOF on CC and reducing its charge transfer resistance by functionalizing the carbon fiber during the pretreatment of the CC matrix. The results provide a great way to prepare a flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitor with both high power density and high energy density for practical application.

Unlocking the potential of a MOF-derived CaMoO4 electrode for high performance supercapacitor application

Unlocking the potential of a MOF-derived CaMoO₄ electrode for high performance supercapacitor application

Enhancement of the electrochemical properties of vanadium dioxide via nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Vanadium dioxide nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (V@XN-G) was successfully synthesized using a one-step solvothermal approach. The nitrogen-doping greatly enhances the electrochemical performance of the pristine vanadium dioxide.

Waste polyethylene terephthalate plastic derived Zr-MOF for high performance supercapacitor applications

The chemical conversion of plastic waste into metal-organic framework (MOF) materials has emerged as a significant research field in addressing issues associated to the environment and the economy. The significant advantages of MOFs as electrode material for energy/supercapacitors arises from their extensive surface area and notable porosity. The present study involved the synthesis of Zirconium-Metal Organic Frameworks (Zr-MOF) by the solvothermal method, utilizing plastic waste in the form of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. The morphological and structural characteristics of the Zr-MOF were inspected through several analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The as prepared Zr-MOF demonstrated very high specific surface area of 927.567 m2 g−1 with mesoporous nature of the materials estimate by BJH method. The electrochemical characteristics of the Zr-MOF in 3-electrode system exhibited a notable specific capacitance of 822 F g−1 when subjected to a low scan rate of 2 mV S−1, while the specific capacitance estimated through galvanostatic charge-discharge exhibited an enhanced value of 890 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. Additionally, the working electrode composed of Zr-MOF demonstrated noteworthy capacitance retention of 92% after 5000 charge discharge cycles. This research presents novel opportunities for the utilization of waste PET bottles in fabrication of highly functional Zr-MOF, aiming to advance the development of next-generation supercapacitors and environmental remediation.