Dermatological Applications Research Articles

Effectiveness of Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin Therapy in Alopecia and Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review.

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has gained attention in regenerative medicine for its potential to enhance tissue repair and regeneration. Its application in dermatology, particularly for treating alopecia and facilitating facial rejuvenation, is of significant interest but requires systematic evaluation. This review aims to systematically assess the effectiveness of injectable PRF therapy in treating alopecia and facial rejuvenation procedures. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to 2023 that involved injectable PRF for alopecia and facial rejuvenation. Eligible studies included prospective cohorts, original studies, case series, and retrospective studies that reported clinical outcomes. Key outcomes were improved hair growth for alopecia and skin texture, elasticity, and appearance for facial rejuvenation. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 130 patients. For alopecia, three studies reported a noticeable improvement in hair density and growth. For facial rejuvenation, four studies demonstrated moderate to significant improvements in skin texture and elasticity and a reduction in facial wrinkles and lines, confirmed by both subjective assessments and objective measurements such as VISIA® skin analysis. Injectable PRF therapy shows promise in treating androgenetic alopecia and enhancing facial esthetics, indicating its potential as an effective treatment option in regenerative dermatology. However, further research involving larger sample sizes, control groups, and longer follow-ups is required to validate these findings and establish standardized treatment protocols.

Unveiling the mechanism of photothermal therapy in acne man-agement: targeting sebaceous gland ferroptosis via umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell membrane-encapsulated Au-Ag-PDA.

Branched gold and silver nanoparticles coated with polydopamine (Au-Ag-PDA) demonstrate high photothermal conversion efficiency. Utilizing umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell membranes (MSCM) as an effective drug delivery system, our preliminary studies investigated the suppression of sebum secretion in sebaceous glands using MSCM-coated Au-Ag-PDA nano-particles (Au-Ag-PDA@MSCM) combined with 808nm laser irradiation, showing potential for dermatological applications in acne treatment. This study employs proteomic analysis, complemented by subsequent techniques such as Western blotting (WB), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and transmission electron microscopy, to further investigate the differential mechanisms by which Au-Ag-PDA and Au-Ag-PDA@MSCM-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) suppress sebum secretion. Our proteomic analysis indicated mitochondrial respiratory chain damage in sebaceous gland tissues post-PTT, with further validation revealing ferroptosis in sebaceous cells and tissues. Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 4 (Acsl4) has been identified as a critical target, with Au-Ag-PDA@MSCM demonstrating enhanced ferroptotic effects. These findings significantly advance our understanding of how PTT mediated by Au-Ag-PDA@MSCM nanoparticles reduces sebum secretion and underscore the pivotal role of MSCM in inducing ferroptosis in sebaceous glands, thus providing a robust theoretical foundation for employing PTT via specific molecular pathways in acne treatment.

A highly biocompatible and bioactive transdermal nano collagen for enhanced healing of UV-damaged skin

Skin damage caused by excessive UV radiation has gradually become one of the most prevalent skin diseases. Collagen has gradually found applications in the treatment of UV-damaged skin; however, their high molecular weight greatly limits their capacity to permeate the skin barrier and repair the damaged skin. Nano collagen has garnered growing attentions in the mimicking of collagen; while the investigation of its skin permeability and wound-healing capability remains vacancies. Herein, we have for the first time created a highly biocompatible and bioactive transdermal nano collagen demonstrating remarkable transdermal capacity and repair efficacy for UV-damaged skin. The transdermal nano collagen exhibited a stable triple-helix structure, effectively promoting the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts. Notably, the transdermal nano collagen displayed exceptional penetration capabilities, permeating fibroblast and healthy skin. Combo evaluations revealed that the transdermal nano collagen contributed to recovering the intensity and TEWL values of UV-damaged skin to normal level. Histological analysis further indicated that transdermal nano collagen significantly accelerated the repair of damaged skin by promoting the collagen regeneration and fibroblasts activation. This highly biocompatible and bioactive transdermal nano collagen provides a novel substituted strategy for the transdermal absorption of collagen, indicating great potential applications in cosmetics and dermatology.

Exploring Microsponges in Dermatology: Opportunities and Hurdles Ahead

Abstract: Microsponges are porous, polymeric particles that have been extensively explored in the field of dermatology. They offer numerous advantages as a topical delivery system, including controlled release of active ingredients, enhanced bioavailability, and improved stability. Microsponges have been used for a wide range of dermatological applications, including the treatment of acne, psoriasis, and other skin disorders. This review article provides an overview of the various applications of microsponges in dermatology, along with the challenges associated with their development and use. The article begins with a brief introduction to microsponges, the benefits of microsponges, and their properties. It then discusses the different methods of microsponge preparation, such as emulsion solvent evaporation and spray drying, along with their mechanism of drug release and also applications of microsponges in dermatology, including their use in the treatment of acne, psoriasis, and other skin disorders, are discussed in detail. Overall, microsponges have shown great promise as a topical delivery system in dermatology, and their continued development and use will likely lead to significant advances in the field.

Clinical Applications of Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells with a great potential for self-renewal and differentiation. Exosomes derived from ADSCs (ADSC-exos) can imitate their functions, carrying cargoes of bioactive molecules that may affect specific cellular targets and signaling processes. Recent evidence has shown that ADSC-exos can mediate tissue regeneration through the regulation of the inflammatory response, enhancement of cell proliferation, and induction of angiogenesis. At the same time, they may promote wound healing as well as the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. In combination with scaffolds, they present the future of cell-free therapies and promising adjuncts to reconstructive surgery with diverse tissue-specific functions and minimal adverse effects. In this review, we address the main characteristics and functional properties of ADSC-exos in tissue regeneration and explore their most recent clinical application in wound healing, musculoskeletal regeneration, dermatology, and plastic surgery as well as in tissue engineering.

Hyaluronic Acid/Ellagic Acid as Materials for Potential Medical Application.

The aim of this work was to develop and characterize a thin films composed of hyaluronic acid/ellagic acid for potential medical application. Its principal novelty, distinct from the prior literature in terms of hyaluronic acid films supplemented with phenolic acids, resides in the predominant incorporation of ellagic acid-a distinguished compound-as the primary constituent of the films. Herein, ellagic acid was dissolved in two different solvents, i.e., acetic acid (AcOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the surface properties of the resultant films were assessed using atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. Additionally, various physicochemical parameters were evaluated including moisture content, antioxidant activity, and release of ellagic acid in phosphate buffered saline. Furthermore, the evaluation of films' biocompatibility was conducted using human epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and human amelanotic melanoma cells (A375 and G361), and the antimicrobial activity was elucidated accordingly against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Our results showed that the films exhibited prominent antibacterial properties particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, with the 80HA/20EA/AcOH film indicating the strong biocidal activity against this strain leading to a significant reduction in viable cells. Comparatively, the 50HA/50EA/AcOH film also displayed biocidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus. This experimental approach could be a promising technique for future applications in regenerative dermatology or novel strategies in terms of bioengineering.

MODERN HERBAL GEL FORMULATION: PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND EFFICACY TESTING FOR DERMATOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

This study investigates the development of a modern herbal gel formulated with Punica granatum extracts for dermatological applications, with a focus on addressing acne. By employing a comprehensive methodology involving phytochemical screening, chromatographic analysis, antimicrobial testing, and formulation evaluation, we aimed to create a topical product that is both safe and effective. Our results reveal promising pharmacognostical properties of Punica granatum extracts, including acceptable ash values and extractive values, indicating the quality and potency of the herbal material. Additionally, hromatographic analysis provided valuable insights into the chemical composition of the extracts, facilitating standardization and quality control. The formulated gel exhibited significant anti-acne activity against P. acnes, demonstrating notable inhibitory effects. Moreover, physical characterization highlighted favorable properties such as appropriate pH, viscosity, spreadability, texture, and appearance, crucial for ensuring patient compliance and efficacy. Stability studies suggested the potential for a shelf-stable product with resilience to environmental factors over time. Furthermore, in vitro release studies indicated controlled and sustained release of active ingredients from the gel formulation, supporting its efficacy and longevity upon application.

Match outcomes of dermatology applicants who pursue research gap year using the Texas STAR database

Match outcomes of dermatology applicants who pursue research gap year using the Texas STAR database

The Biological Role of Platelet Derivatives in Regenerative Aesthetics.

Bioproducts derived from platelets have been extensively used across various medical fields, with a recent notable surge in their application in dermatology and aesthetic procedures. These products, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), play crucial roles in inducing blood vessel proliferation through growth factors derived from peripheral blood. PRP and PRF, in particular, facilitate fibrin polymerization, creating a robust structure that serves as a reservoir for numerous growth factors. These factors contribute to tissue regeneration by promoting cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration and collagen/elastin production. Aesthetic medicine harnesses these effects for diverse purposes, including hair restoration, scar treatment, striae management, and wound healing. Furthermore, these biological products can act as adjuvants with other treatment modalities, such as laser therapy, radiofrequency, and microneedling. This review synthesizes the existing evidence, offering insights into the applications and benefits of biological products in aesthetic medicine.

Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Manna Exudate, from Fraxinus ornus L., and Its Potential Use as Hydrogel Formulation in Dermatology and Cosmetology.

Manna, a well-known herbal drug has multiple traditional and pharmaceutical uses and the entire composition, sugar derivatives and polyphenols, gives rise to a very interesting bioactive complex with versatile therapeutic and benefic properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this research was to investigate a F. ornus manna extract loaded in a pectin hydrogel as a synergic vehicle to evaluate the potential use of the complex for cosmetic and dermatological applications. In particular, the study set out to disclose manna properties as a wound healing agent with antimicrobial and reparative activity on infected tissues. Moreover, considering the correlation between antioxidant activity and antiaging potential, the extract was investigated in regard to the anti-elastase activity and skin whitening potential. The total phenolic content of each extract was also determined and a safe profile by in vitro cytotoxicity studies was verified. The hydrogel complex, containing the manna extract and pectin as the gelling agent, exhibited suitable properties in terms of pH (from 5.50 to 6.80), rheological behavior and ability of preserving the antioxidant activity of the manna exudate (around 10%). All the peculiarities that make the pectin hydrogels ideal systems for skin disease, as wound dressings and for antiaging cosmetic formulations.

Unveiling Garlic's Arsenal: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal and Antibacterial Cream

Garlic (Allium sativum) has long been recognized for its medicinal properties, particularly its antimicrobial effects. In this comprehensive review, we explore the therapeutic potential of garlic in the formulation of creams targeting fungal and bacterial infections. We discuss the rising prevalence of fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species, and the challenges they pose in healthcare settings. Furthermore, we delve into the diverse biochemical composition of garlic, including sulfur compounds, enzymes, carbohydrates, minerals, amino acids, flavonoids, and vitamins, which contribute to its antimicrobial activity. The synthesis of allicin, a key bioactive compound in garlic, and its mechanism of action against various pathogens are elucidated. Additionally, we examine the dermatological applications of topical garlic in treating fungal skin infections, wound healing, antioxidant protection, UVB shielding, and anti-aging benefits. Clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of garlic extracts in managing viral skin conditions is also discussed. Finally, we highlight the need for further research and clinical trials to fully explore garlic's therapeutic potential, safety profile, and optimal formulations, thereby enhancing patient outcomes in the management of infectious diseases.

Development and Evaluation of Topical Herbal Formulation for Infectious Eczema

The study Development and Evaluation of Topical Herbal Formulation for Infectious Eczema presents a comprehensive investigation into the preparation and assessment of a herbal gel aimed at addressing infectious eczema. The research methodology involved meticulous plant collection, extraction, and subsequent physicochemical and phytochemical analyses. Murraya koenigli leaves were collected, identified, dried, and ground into a fine powder before undergoing successive extraction with solvents of increasing polarity. The resulting extracts were concentrated and stored for future use. Physicochemical constants of the powdered drug were determined, including moisture content, total ash value, and extractive values, providing insights into the composition and quality of the herbal material. Preliminary phytochemical evaluations were conducted to identify the presence of specific phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and triterpenoids. These evaluations involved various qualitative tests, each confirming the presence of specific compounds indicative of potential bioactivity. Subsequently, a herbal gel was formulated using the plant extract and Carbopol-934 as a gelling agent, along with other excipients. The gel formulations were evaluated for pH, spreadability, extrudability, and stability over time. Results indicated suitable pH values, spreadability, and extrudability across different formulations, suggesting their potential for dermatological applications. Stability studies demonstrated consistent physical appearance, rheological properties, spreadability, pH, and drug levels over a one-month period, affirming the formulations' stability and therapeutic potential. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of effective herbal formulations for managing infectious eczema, contributing to the advancement of natural-based therapies in dermatology and offering promising avenues for further research and clinical application

Ustekinumab: In Psoriasis and Beyond —A Derm atological Perspective

Background Ustekinumab is an interleukin 12/23 inhibitor, approved by the US-FDA for the management of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy. Purpose This review aims to describe the dermatological implications and applications of ustekinumab. Methodology PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for scholarly articles related to ustekinumab and its utility in dermatology using the search terms “Ustekinumab” AND “Psoriasis” AND “dermatological diseases”. Studies utilising Ustekinumab in psoriasis and other dermatological indications were analysed and formulated into a systematic review discussing the utility of the drug in psoriasis, as well as other dermatological conditions. Results Ustekinumab is a valuable biologic agent for the management of psoriasis and psoriatic arthropathy, as well as other dermatological disorders like hidradenitis suppurativa, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris, Behcet’s disease, lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and pyoderma gangrenosum. Conclusion Ustekinumab’s usage is not limited to psoriasis. Its benefit extends to many more dermatological conditions. It is considered to be the biologic of choice in childhood psoriasis and adult psoriatic patients with concurrent Crohn’s disease. Besides, it has an acceptable safety profile.

Polyglycerol-Functionalized β-Cyclodextrins as Crosslinkers in Thermoresponsive Nanogels for the Enhanced Dermal Penetration of Hydrophobic Drugs.

Thermoresponsive nanogels (tNGs) are promising candidates for dermal drug delivery. However, poor incorporation of hydrophobic drugs into hydrophilic tNGs limits the therapeutic efficiency. To address this challenge, β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) are functionalized by hyperbranched polyglycerol serving as crosslinkers (hPG-βCD) to fabricate βCD-tNGs. This novel construct exhibits augmented encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs, shows the appropriate thermal response to dermal administration, and enhances the dermal penetration of payloads. The structural influences on the encapsulation capacity of βCD-tNGs for hydrophobic drugs are analyzed, while concurrently retaining their efficacy as skin penetration enhancers. Various synthetic parameters are considered, encompassing the acrylation degree and molecular weight of hPG-βCD, as well as the monomer composition of βCD-tNGs. The outcome reveals that βCD-tNGs substantially enhance the aqueous solubility of Nile Red elevating to 120µgmL-1 and augmenting its dermal penetration up to 3.33µgcm-2. Notably, the acrylation degree of hPG-βCD plays a significant role in dermal drug penetration, primarily attributed to the impact on the rigidity and hydrophilicity of βCD-tNGs. Taken together, the introduction of the functionalized β-CD as the crosslinker in tNGs presents a novel avenue to enhance the efficacy of hydrophobic drugs in dermatological applications, thereby offering promising opportunities for boosted therapeutic outcomes.

Técnicas de Imagenología Óptica Aplicadas a Dermatología

The use of optical imaging technology in recent years has improved diagnostics in the dermatology area. The techniques that can be named are optical coherence tomography, Raman spectroscopy, and optoacoustic imaging. Each technique has applications in general medicine and dermatology but with their respective limitations and focus. This work reviews the imaging techniques in general, prioritizing the theoretical background that allows the technique to operate, and then an image example obtained with the technique is shown. Then, an extensive review of the techniques of hyperspectral imaging and hyperspectral polarized dermatoscope is made. Finally, we talk about new trends in optical imaging future.

Advancements in Dermatological Applications of Curcumin: Clinical Efficacy and Mechanistic Insights in the Management of Skin Disorders.

Curcumin, derived from Curcuma longa (turmeric), exhibits significant potential in dermatology, addressing conditions like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, chronic wounds, skin cancer, and infections through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties. This review synthesizes evidence on curcumin's mechanisms, including modulation of immune responses and promotion of wound healing, showcasing its efficacy in reducing inflammation, cytokine levels, and enhancing skin barrier functions. Studies highlight curcumin's ability to selectively target tumor cells, suggesting a multifaceted approach to cancer therapy with minimal side effects. Despite promising therapeutic benefits, challenges remain in bioavailability, potency, and targeted delivery, underscoring the need for further research to optimize dosages, delivery methods, and assess long-term safety. The integration of curcumin into dermatological practice requires a balanced consideration of evidence-based efficacy and safety. Curcumin's comprehensive utility in dermatology, coupled with the necessity for advanced scientific exploration, emphasizes the importance of combining traditional knowledge with contemporary research to improve patient care in dermatology. This approach could significantly enhance outcomes for individuals with skin-related conditions, marking curcumin as a versatile and promising agent in the field.

Stability and Retention of Nanoemulsion Formulations Incorporating Lavender Essential Oil

Lavender essential oil (LEO) is applied topically for its soothing properties, serving not only as an antiseptic in wound care but also as an insect repellent. This study investigates the impact of carrier systems on LEO encapsulation, stability, and release kinetics for potential skincare applications. The LEO carrier impact on skin hydration and barrier function was also evaluated. Conventional emulsions (CEs) and nanoemulsions (NEs) with (CELs and NELs, respectively) and without LEO incorporation were analyzed for physicochemical properties, stability, and release mechanisms. The droplet size distribution and ζ-potential remained consistent in both CE and CEL, showing the minimal influence of LEO on those parameters. NE and NEL exhibited enhanced stability and higher LEO retention compared to CE and CEL (37.38 mg/mL ± 0.48 mg/mL and 50.96 mg/mL ± 2.00 mg/mL, respectively, p < 0.05), suggesting NE as a superior carrier system for LEO delivery. NEL retained LEO over 60 days at 4 °C without a significant reduction while CEL showed a notable reduction of 94.93% ± 0.08%. Release kinetics analysis showed zero-order release kinetics of LEO from both CEL and NEL (R2: 0.973 and 0.952, respectively), revealing a diffusion-based mechanism, particularly evident in NE formulations, supporting the controlled and sustained release of LEO constituents. NEL also promoted quicker skin barrier repair and enhanced skin hydration, sustaining effects for up to 120 min post application, surpassing CEL’s performance. These findings contribute to understanding the carrier system effects on LEO delivery and underscore NE as a promising vehicle for skincare applications. Further research should explore underlying mechanisms and conduct long-term safety and efficacy studies to fully exploit the therapeutic potential of NE in dermatological applications.

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomal carnosine for dermatological and cosmeceutical applications

Carnosine is a dipeptide with unique antioxidant and antiaging properties that has been used in several cosmeceutical products to enhance their antiaging and wound healing effect. However, the skin penetration of carnosine is rather poor, and research is focusing on identifying ways to overcome the stratum corneum barrier. Liposomes are a viable and well-studied solution for drug delivery through the skin. Herein, three types of carnosine-loaded liposomes were developed by utilizing the modified heating method (MHM) and evaluated in terms of physicochemical properties and stability. Specifically, a conventional liposome, an ultradeformable liposome (transferosome/elastosome) with Tween 80 and a ceramide-containing liposome (ceramidosome) were studied and formulated. An in vitro skin permeation study (IVPT) was performed to assess the formulation effect on carnosine skin permeability. All nanoparticles exhibited good physicochemical properties and stability, appropriate for dermatological and cosmeceutical applications. Conventional liposomes and transferosomes were found to have the highest encapsulation efficiency. Formulations that were stored in the refrigerator performed better in terms of stability over time. Cumulative permeation of applied dose was 6 % for the three liposomal formulations, compared to non-detectable skin permeation for the reference formulations. Skin carnosine retention varied from 20 to 30 % of the applied dose for the liposomal formulations, and from 2 to 4 % for a conventional carnosine gel. The herein developed liposomal formulations of carnosine can be further utilized in in vitro or in vivo applications to establish their pharmacological effect.

Liposomes to Cubosomes: The Evolution of Lipidic Nanocarriers and Their Cutting-Edge Biomedical Applications.

Lipidic nanoparticles have undergone extensive research toward the exploration of their diverse therapeutic applications. Although several liposomal formulations are in the clinic (e.g., DOXIL) for cancer therapy, there are many challenges associated with traditional liposomes. To address these issues, modifications in liposomal structure and further functionalization are desirable, leading to the emergence of solid lipid nanoparticles and the more recent liquid lipid nanoparticles. In this context, "cubosomes", third-generation lipidic nanocarriers, have attracted significant attention due to their numerous advantages, including their porous structure, structural adaptability, high encapsulation efficiency resulting from their extensive internal surface area, enhanced stability, and biocompatibility. Cubosomes offer the potential for both enhanced cellular uptake and controlled release of encapsulated payloads. Beyond cancer therapy, cubosomes have demonstrated effectiveness in wound healing, antibacterial treatments, and various dermatological applications. In this review, the authors provide an overview of the evolution of lipidic nanocarriers, spanning from conventional liposomes to solid lipid nanoparticles, with a special emphasis on the development and application of cubosomes. Additionally, it delves into recent applications and preclinical trials associated with cubosome formulations, which could be of significant interest to readers from backgrounds in nanomedicine and clinicians.

Bergamot Polyphenols: Promising Agents for Health and Wellness

Introduction and purpose: Citrus bergamia, commonly known as bergamot, is a unique plant native to the Calabria region in Italy, prized for its fragrant fruits and versatile applications. Historically utilized for extracting essential oil, bergamot has garnered attention for its therapeutic properties, particularly its Bergamot-derived Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF), which exhibits lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing research on the therapeutic potential of BPF in humans.Brief description of the state of knowledge: BPF has shown promise in supporting wound healing, alleviating neuropathic pain, and exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Research highlights BPF's role in modulating lipid metabolism, particularly in reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, BPF demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, accelerating the recovery process in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and potentially influencing pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further studies explore BPF's impact on bone metabolism, erectile dysfunction, and its potential in dermatological applications, particularly in counteracting photoaging.Conclusions: While existing studies underscore the promising therapeutic effects of BPF in various medical domains, further research is warranted to establish its efficacy and safety for broader clinical use. Continued investigation on a larger scale holds the potential to develop BPF as a valuable physiotherapeutic strategy across diverse medical fields.