Advanced Photonic Applications Research Articles

Luminescent Perovskite Quantum Dots: Progress in Fabrication, Modelling and Machine Learning Approaches for Advanced Photonic and Quantum Computing Applications

Luminescent metal halide quantum dots (QDs), particularly perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), garnered remarkable attention for unique optical properties as well as critical use for advanced photonic and electronic devices. This comprehensive review explores the synthesis, properties, and applications of PQDs, with a focus on their role in luminescent metal halide QD devices. The review begins by discussing advanced synthesis techniques and surface engineering strategies for PQDs, highlighting recent developments in the field. Structural and optical characterization techniques are then examined, emphasizing the importance of understanding quantum confinement effects and emission mechanisms in PQDs. The review also includes a discussion on modelling and simulation, discussing computational methods for predicting and optimizing PQD properties. Experimental studies and device fabrication techniques are discussed in detail, showcasing the progress made in integrating PQDs into optoelectronic devices. Advanced applications of PQDs in light-emitting devices, solar cells, sensors, and photodetectors are explored, highlighting their potential for efficiency enhancements and novel functionalities. A detailed discussion on the emerging role of machine learning (ML) in PQD research, focusing on its applications in materials discovery and device optimization are also included. This review explores the potential of luminescent PQDs for quantum computing applications, focusing on their role as qubits, quantum gates, and quantum memory devices, emphasising the latest advancements, challenges, and future prospects of integrating PQDs into quantum computing architectures. The review concludes with an overview of emerging trends and future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for continued research to unlock the full potential of PQDs in advanced photonic and electronic devices.

Large-scale preparation of Sb3+-activated hybrid metal halides with efficient tunable emission from visible to near-infrared regions for advanced photonic applications.

Zero-dimensional metal halides with diverse structures and rich photophysical properties have been reported. However, achieving multimode dynamic luminescence and efficient near-infrared (NIR) emission under blue light excitation in a single system is a great challenge. Herein, Sb3+-doped hybrid Cd(II) halides were synthesized by a large scale synthesis process at room temperature. Compared with the poor emission of (C12H28N)2CdX4 (C12H28N = tetrapropylammonium; X = Cl and Br) and single steady-state visible light emission of (C12H28N)2SbX5, (C12H28N)2CdX4:Sb3+ exhibits efficient tunable emission from visible to NIR regions. More specifically, (C12H28N)2CdCl4:Sb3+ exhibits distinct excitation wavelength-dependent luminescence characteristics, which can change from green to white and orange emission. Parallelly, halogen substitution can regulate the optical properties of Sb3+-doped (C12H28N)2CdCl4-xBrx (x = 0-1), which enables the excitation and emission bands to exhibit a significant redshift. Thus, the efficient broad NIR emission upon 450 nm excitation was realized in (C12H28N)2CdBr4:Sb3+. In addition, we demonstrated the use of (C12H28N)2CdCl4:Sb3+ phosphors in solid state lighting, and an advanced NIR light source was fabricated by coating (C12H28N)2CdBr4:Sb3+ on a commercial blue chip (450 nm), which exhibits the most advanced photoelectric efficiency (14.67%) and output power (32.84 mW) in hybrid metal halides. Finally, we also demonstrated the use of Sb3+-activated phosphors in four-level fluorescence anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.

Innovative MIM diplexer with neural network enhanced refractive index detection for advanced photonic applications

This study introduces a high-performance 4-channel Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) diplexer, employing silver and Teflon, optimized for advanced photonic applications. The proposed diplexer, configured with two novel band-pass filters (BPFs), operates across four distinct wavelength bands (843 nm, 1090 nm, 1452 nm, 1675 nm) by precisely manipulating the passband dimensions. Utilizing Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations, the designed diplexer achieves exceptional sensitivity values of 3500 nm/RIU, 4250 nm/RIU, 3375 nm/RIU, and 4003 nm/RIU, along with high figures of merit (FOM) ranging from 113.4 to 124.7 1/RIU. Also, the compact design (400 nm × 830 nm) underscores its suitability for integrated photonic circuits and advanced sensing applications. Furthermore, to further enhance accuracy in detecting refractive index (RI) changes, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network was employed, ensuring the highest sensor accuracy. The accuracy of the MIM diplexer’s RI measurements was statistically validated through a one-sample t-test, confirming the sensor’s reliability. Comparative analysis with existing sensors highlights the diplexer’s superior sensitivity and efficiency, setting a new benchmark in optical communication and photonic sensing technologies. This work paves the way for future advancements in miniaturized, high-sensitivity optical devices, offering robust solutions for next-generation communication and sensing systems.

On the Optical response of all-dielectric metasurface in the exceptional point

All-dielectric nanophotonics leverages high-refractive-index dielectric materials to manipulate light at the nanoscale with minimal energy loss, offering strong electric and magnetic resonances. These properties make all-dielectric structures ideal for a range of advanced photonic applications, from ultra-thin lenses to sensors. In this study, we explore the multipole response of all-dielectric metasurfaces when operating near an exceptional point (EP), a singularity in non-Hermitian systems where eigenmodes coalesce. Numerical simulations reveal that at the EP, the metasurface’s resonance splits, with significant contributions from magnetic dipole (MD) and electric quadrupole (EQ) modes. These findings enhance our understanding of EPs in metasurface physics and highlight the potential of this geometry for applications in photonic devices.

Concentration-Driven Enhancement of Optical Properties in 3MeO-4ClAN for Advanced Photonic Applications

In this study, we investigated the photophysical properties of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)acrylonitrile (3MeO-4ClAN) at various concentrations in DMSO solvent. We specifically examined the effect of different solute concentrations on the optoelectronic properties of this compound, with a focus on applications requiring a low optical band gap. The results demonstrate the potential of 3MeO-4ClAN for optoelectronic applications across a range of concentrations. Experimental optical measurements were performed at different molarities, covering wavelengths from 190 to 1100 nm, using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectral analysis at room temperature.

First-principles investigation of structural, mechanical, and electronic properties of AMgX3 (A=Ga, In, Tl, and X=Cl, Br, I) perovskites for optoelectronic applications

Abstract Metal-halide perovskites have emerged as a revolutionary material in solar energy technology, offering exceptional light-harvesting efficiency, eco-friendly characteristics, and low production costs. These materials are paving the way for next-generation photovoltaic devices with their outstanding optoelectronic properties and scalability for commercial applications. To determine the various features of the halide perovskites AMgX3 (where A stands for Ga, In, Tl, and X for Cl, Br, and I), we utilized DFT with the (Generalized Gradient Approximation) GGA-PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof) exchange and correlation approximation to examine the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical behaviors of the perovskite materials. Structurally, these materials exhibit cubic stability, vital for high-performance durability in photovoltaic devices. Mechanically, the calculated elastic constants verify their strength, suitable for environments where mechanical stability is critical, such as in aerospace electronics. The band gap range (1.22–3.69 eV) shows how versatile the materials are. TlMgI3 is suitable for infrared (IR) detection, whereas GaMgCl3 and InMgCl3 are optimal for ultraviolet (UV) applications. These findings support applications from IR sensors to UV photo detectors. The compounds’ optical properties, such as their high absorption coefficients, dielectric constants, and reflectivity, show how well they can collect and send light, which is important for solar cells and LEDs. The mechanical and optoelectronic properties collectively enhance their suitability for photonic and thermoelectric devices, offering scalable solutions for renewable energy and advanced photonics applications.

Rigorous DFT Insights into Structural and Electronic Properties of Tungsten Di-Selenide (2D-WSe2)

For electronic applications, low-dimension materials like transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn a lot of attention and study. In this study, we looked into WSe2, a common TMDs material. Predicting the use of crystalline substances in different application devices requires an understanding of their physical characteristics. In this context, density functional theory (DFT) is highly helpful. Here, a few physical attributes such as bulk electronic band gap under stable structure parameters have been studied. To give thorough evidence and validate the experimental results, we computationally investigated the band gap of WSe2 using DFT under the FP-(L) APW +lo method. The calculations incorporate the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for exchange-correlation energy, ensuring a reliable description of the material’s electronic structure. According to band structure simulations, the material has a band gap of 1.545 eV, direct band gap is observed at the K point of the Brillion zone. Our results are in consistent with the earlier theoretical and experimental findings to date. The partial DOS analysis highlights the dominant contributions of W’s d- orbitals and Se’s p-orbitals in both bands. These results provide a detailed insights to structural and electronic properties for advanced electronic and photonic applications.

Raman, Judd–Ofelt, and photoluminescence analysis of Ho3+/Yb3+-doped borotellurite glasses for potential laser applications

In this study, glasses with the composition (79-x) B2O3-xTeO2-20Li2O-0.5Ho2O3-0.5Yb2O3 (x = 0–50 mol%) were synthesized using the melt-quenching method to explore the spectroscopic effect of TeO2 and B2O3 as mixed glass formers. Raman spectroscopy indicated that increasing TeO2 content leads to depolymerization, characterized by a reduction in the relative area of TeO4 units. Absorption spectra revealed nine peaks related to transitions from 5I8 ground state to various excited states of Ho3+ ions, and one peak for the transition from the 2F7/2 ground state of Yb3+ ions. A negative bonding parameter suggests that there is primarily ionic interaction among Ho3+ and its ligands. However, the increase of Ω2 suggests that Ho3+ ions have relatively higher covalence and strong ligand polarizability, except at x = 40 mol% due to the rivalry among TeO2 and B2O3. Decrease in Ω4 and Ω6 reflect reduced glass rigidity due to increased NBO content, weakening the glass structure. Luminescence spectra showed green (526 nm) and red (642 nm) emissions from Ho3+ transitions of 5F4 → 5I8 and 5F5 → 5I8. Intriguingly, a novel peak at 738 nm associated with the 5F4 → 5I7 transition in Ho3+ ions, linked to energy transfer from Yb3+ to Ho3+. The stimulated emission cross section for the green and red emission were (0.324 – 0.347) × 10−20 cm2 and (0.387 – 0.423) × 10−20 cm2 respectively. These glasses demonstrate potential for advanced laser, green display, and photonic technology applications.

Origin of Persisting Photoresponse of One-Year Aged Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites Stored in Air under Dark Conditions.

Two-dimensional halide perovskites are promising for advanced photonic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic applications. However, their long-term stability is still a critical factor limiting their implementation into further commercial applications. Here, we present an environmental stability analysis of BA2(MA)n-1PbnI3n+1 (BA = C4H12N+, MA = CH6N+) two-dimensional perovskites with the lowest quantum well thicknesses of n = 1 and n = 2, after 1 year of aging under ambient humidity, oxygen content, and light conditions. We observed that both crystal phases (n = 1 and 2) degraded similarly, resulting in the removal of organic components and crystal decomposition into PbI2, Pb oxides, and Pb hydroxides. However, we have found a significant difference between their aging under ambient light and dark conditions, affecting their degraded morphology and photoactivity. Both crystal phases exposed to ambient light aged into a morphology characterized by the formation of several pinholes and voids, accompanied by photoluminescence degradation. Samples stored under dark conditions surprisingly preserved their photoluminescence activity, which morphologically aged into microrod structures. We conclude that the observed loss of photoactivity of 2D perovskites aged under ambient light is attributed to photoaccelerated degradation processes causing faster crystal surface photo-oxidation accompanied by a creation of multiple I vacancies and hydration of the inner crystal. The retainment of photoactivity in 2D perovskites aged under dark conditions is attributed to slower surface oxidation processes into Pb salts, as confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The formed surface layer even allows for a layer-by-layer degradation and acts as a protection barrier against further additional loss of I atoms and the consequent hydration of the inner part of samples. We demonstrate that light is the most critical external factor accelerating 2D perovskite degradation processes in ambient air and thus affecting their long-term stability. We conclude in this work that perovskite material structural engineering together with their surface passivation or encapsulation strategical techniques applied is an essential step for their further application into long-term stable commercial devices.

Para-phenylenediamine Schiff base: highly fluorescent photostable solid-state organic dye

Schiff bases derived from the condensation of primary amines with aldehydes, such as para-phenylenediamine with salicylaldehyde, exhibit unique optical and structural properties ideal for photonic applications. This study synthesizes such a Schiff base, revealing its properties through detailed HNMR1, FTIR, and XRD characterizations. The compound forms a robust π-conjugated structure, showing a fluorescence emission peak at 560 nm and significant absorbance at 380 nm. A spin-coated laser cavity displayed a critical lasing threshold at 1 MW·cm−2, which could be optimized down to 0.6 kW·cm−2. Moreover, the compounds’ acceptor-donor-acceptor configuration raised outstanding nonlinear optical properties, including a substantial two-photon absorption cross-section of 2×10−11 cm ⋅ W−1·GM, enhancing its utility in high-resolution two-photon imaging and advanced photonic applications. Other nonlinear optical characteristics determined during these studies are the saturable absorption-induced nonlinear absorption coefficient (−2×10−11 cm ⋅ W−1), saturation intensity (2.5×1011 W·cm−2), and Kerr-induced nonlinear refractive index (5×10−16 cm2 ⋅ W−1). The combined linear and nonlinear optical properties, supported by sustained emission and minimal photobleaching under intense re-excitation, establish the para-phenylenediamine Schiff base and derivatives as promising materials for high-brightness, photostable organic light emitters, and solid-state lasers.

Two‐Coordinate Gold(I) Complex with Rotational Freedom: A Platform Integrating Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, Polymorphism, and Linearly Polarized Luminescence

AbstractTwo‐coordinate coinage metal complexes have been exploited for various applications. Herein, a new donor‐metal‐acceptor (D–M–A) complex PZI‐Au‐TOT, using bulky pyrazine‐fused N‐heterocyclic carbene (PZI) and trioxytriphenylamine (TOT) ligands, was synthesized. PZI‐Au‐TOT displays decent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with a quantum yield of 93 % in doped film. The crystals of PZI‐Au‐TOT show simultaneous TADF, polymorphism, and linearly polarized luminescence (LPL). The polymorph‐dependent emission properties with widely varied peaks from 560 to 655 nm are attributed to different packing modes in terms of isolated monomers, discrete π–π stacked dimers or dimer PLUS. Two well‐defined microcrystals of PZI‐Au‐TOT exhibit linearly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a degree of polarization up to 0.64. This work demonstrates that the molecular rotational flexibility of D–M–A type complexes endows an integration of multiple functions into one complex through manipulation of supramolecular aggregation. This type of complexes is expected to serve as a versatile platform for the fabrication of crystal materials for advanced photonic applications.

Two-Coordinate Gold(I) Complex with Rotational Freedom: A Platform Integrating Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, Polymorphism, and Linearly Polarized Luminescence.

Two-coordinate coinage metal complexes have been exploited for various applications. Herein, a new donor-metal-acceptor (D-M-A) complex PZI-Au-TOT, using bulky pyrazine-fused N-heterocyclic carbene (PZI) and trioxytriphenylamine (TOT) ligands, was synthesized. PZI-Au-TOT displays decent thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with a quantum yield of 93 % in doped film. The crystals of PZI-Au-TOT show simultaneous TADF, polymorphism, and linearly polarized luminescence (LPL). The polymorph-dependent emission properties with widely varied peaks from 560 to 655 nm are attributed to different packing modes in terms of isolated monomers, discrete π-π stacked dimers or dimer PLUS. Two well-defined microcrystals of PZI-Au-TOT exhibit linearly polarized thermally activated delayed fluorescence with a degree of polarization up to 0.64. This work demonstrates that the molecular rotational flexibility of D-M-A type complexes endows an integration of multiple functions into one complex through manipulation of supramolecular aggregation. This type of complexes is expected to serve as a versatile platform for the fabrication of crystal materials for advanced photonic applications.

Extending the spectral operation of multimode and polarization-independent power splitters through subwavelength nanotechnology

Power splitters play a crucial role in virtually all photonic circuits, enabling precise control of on-chip signal distribution. However, state-of-the-art solutions typically present trade-offs in terms of loss, bandwidth, and fabrication robustness, especially when targeting multimode operation. Here, we present a novel multimode 3-dB power splitter based on a symmetric Y-junction assisted by two regions of subwavelength grating metamaterials with different geometries. The proposed device demonstrates high-performance for multimode and dual-polarization operation with relaxed fabrication tolerances by leveraging the additional degrees of freedom offered by two distinct geometries of subwavelength metamaterials to control mode evolution. Our design achieves, to the best of our knowledge, the widest operational bandwidth reported to date for a nanophotonic multimode silicon power splitter. Simulations for a standard 220-nm-thick silicon-on-insulator platform predict minimal excess loss (< 0.2 dB) for the fundamental and the first-order transverse-electric modes over an ultra-broad 700 nm bandwidth (1300 – 2000 nm). For the fundamental transverse–magnetic mode, losses are less than 0.3 dB in the 1300 – 1800 nm range. Experimental measurements validate these predictions in the 1430 – 1630 nm wavelength range, demonstrating losses < 0.4 dB for all three modes, even in the presence of fabrication deviations of up to ± 10 nm. We believe that this device is suitable for the implementation of advanced photonic applications requiring high–-performance distribution of optical signals, such as programmable photonics, multi-target spectroscopy and quantum key distribution.

Binary colloidal clusters with quantum dots for nanoscopic device applications

Colloidal clusters have garnered significant interest for their ability to elucidate nanoscopic phenomena in atomic arrangements and to enable the fabrication of complex nanostructures for advanced photonic and electronic applications. This study introduces a novel approach using binary colloidal clusters composed of semiconducting quantum dots and conductive gold-coated latex microspheres, fabricated via evaporation-driven self-assembly within emulsion droplets. This configuration not only demonstrates the binary colloidal clusters' capability for self-organization but also highlights the distinct regions formed by the smaller quantum dots, crucial for the electrical functionality of these nanoscopic devices. We have observed diode-like rectification behavior in these binary colloidal clusters, demonstrating their potential as active nanoscopic devices. Our findings present groundbreaking methodologies for integrating semiconductive and conductive materials in a colloidal form, offering a scalable and versatile platform for the development of next-generation devices in photonics and nanoelectronics.

High‐Brightness and High‐Resolution Triboelectrification‐Induced Electroluminescence Skin for Photonic Imaging and Information Interaction

AbstractSelf‐powered visualized sensor with skin‐like functionality is highly anticipated for practical application in health monitoring, human‐machine interaction, and robotics. However, the existing methods are disadvantaged by their poor performance in sensitivity and spatial fidelity due to the low pixel density, brightness, or conformability. Herein, a novel self‐powered skin‐inspired visualized sensor (SP‐SIVS) is developed by means of triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) technique. By integrating surface and bulk charge generation with a high‐voltage corona charging treatment, a significant improvement is achieved in the brightness (by 10‐fold) and spatial resolution (100 µm) of the SP‐SIVS. Meanwhile, Young's modulus (94 kPa) is maintained at a level comparable to human skin, with tensile strength and elongation exceeding 1000 kPa and 1000%, respectively. Furthermore, SP‐SIVS is verified as applicable to serve such purposes as wearable motion detection, fingerprint morphology imaging, and information interaction. This work contributes an innovative framework to the development of SP‐SIVS with high‐brightness, high‐resolution, and sustainability, laying a foundation for its popularization as a novel interactive medium required for advanced photonic applications.

Two-dimensional-lattice-confined single-molecule-like aggregates.

Intermolecular distance largely determines the optoelectronic properties of organic matter. Conventional organic luminescent molecules are commonly used either as aggregates or as single molecules that are diluted in a foreigner matrix. They have garnered great research interest in recent decades for a variety of applications, including light-emitting diodes1,2, lasers3-5 andquantum technologies6,7, among others8-10. However, there is still a knowledge gap on how these molecules behave between the aggregation and dilution states. Here we report an unprecedented phase of molecular aggregate that forms in a two-dimensional hybrid perovskite superlattice with a near-equilibrium distance, which we refer to as a single-molecule-like aggregate (SMA). By implementing two-dimensional superlattices, the organic emitters are held in proximity, but, surprisingly, remain electronically isolated, thereby resulting in a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield, akin to that of single molecules. Moreover, the emitters within the perovskite superlattices demonstrate strong alignment and dense packing resembling aggregates, allowing for the observation of robust directional emission, substantially enhanced radiative recombination and efficient lasing. Molecular dynamics simulations together with single-crystal structure analysis emphasize the critical role of the internal rotational and vibrational degrees of freedom of the molecules in the two-dimensional lattice for creating the exclusive SMA phase. This two-dimensional superlattice unifies the paradoxical properties of single molecules and aggregates, thus offering exciting possibilities for advanced spectroscopic and photonic applications.

Fantastic Photons and Where to Excite Them: Revolutionizing Upconversion with KY3F10-Based Compounds

This review delves into the forefront of upconversion luminescence (UCL) research, focusing on KY3F10-based compounds, particularly their cubic α-phase. These materials are renowned for their exceptional luminescent properties and structural stability, making them prime candidates for advanced photonic applications. The synthesis methods and structural characteristics of the existing works in the literature are meticulously analyzed alongside the transformative effects of various doping strategies on UCL efficiency. Incorporating rare earth (RE) sensitizer ions such as Yb3+, along with activator ions like Er3+, Ho3+, Nd3+, or Tm3+, researchers have achieved remarkable enhancements in emission intensity and spectral control. Recent and past breakthroughs in understanding the local structure and phase transitions of single-, double-, and triple-RE3+-doped KY3F10 nanocrystals are highlighted, revealing their pivotal role in fine-tuning luminescent properties. Furthermore, the review underscores the untapped potential of lesser-known crystal structures, such as the metastable δ-phase of KY3F10, which offers promising avenues for future exploration. By presenting a comprehensive analysis and proposing innovative research directions, this review aims to inspire continued advancements in the field of upconversion materials, unlocking new potentials in photonic technologies.

Boosted Chirality Transfer in 2D Perovskites through Structural Isomer‐Driven Halogen–Halogen Interaction

AbstractChiral perovskites are promising materials due to their unique ability to interact with circularly polarized light (CPL), offering great potential in advanced photonic and spintronic applications. However, specific design principles for highly chiroptically active chiral perovskites remain unclear, hindering their practical exploitation. In this study, chiral cation fluorinated isomerization approach is employed to enhance the chiroptical response of chiral perovskites. Specifically, it is systematically discovered that incorporating ortho‐fluorinated chiral cations instead of para‐fluorinated cations induces a strong organic–inorganic halogen–halogen interaction due to the unique spatial arrangement. This boosted chirality transfer, mediated by the strong halogen–halogen interaction, resulting in a fivefold improvement in the circular dichroism compared to its para‐fluorinated counterpart. Consequently, a CPL photodetector utilizing the ortho‐fluorinated chiral perovskite exhibited superior CPL distinguishability of 0.288, the highest value among 2D lead‐iodide perovskite‐based devices. Furthermore, the photodetector incorporating these structural isomers demonstrated extended operational stability as well as high photodetecting performance.

Inverse-design laser-infrared compatible stealth with thermal management enabled by wavelength-selective thermal emitter

With the fast development of multi-band detection technology, the demand for multi-band stealth technology with thermal management in military and civilian fields is increasing. Although the metasurfaces can achieve multi-band stealth and thermal management, their fabrication is complex and costly. In this paper, a simple multilayer structure is used to realize laser-infrared compatible stealth with thermal management. More importantly, the traditional method of optimizing metasurface structures by manually scanning parameters consumes a lot of computational time and resources. In order to speed up design of nanostructures, we propose a wavelength-selective thermal emitter (WSTE) composed of ZnS/Ge3Sb2Te6 (GST) multilayer films and a Ni reflector using inverse design method. The simulation results show that, in the crystalline phase, the WSTE has low spectral emissivity (ε3-5μm = 0.12, ε8-14μm = 0.22) in the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR), high spectral emissivity (ε5-8μm = 0.72) in the non-atmospheric window and high absorptivity (A1.06μm = 0.90, A1.55μm = 0.97, A10.6μm = 0.91) in the laser wavelengths, which indicates that the WSTE can simultaneously achieve MWIR, LWIR and laser stealth with radiative heat dissipation. The method proposed in this paper overcomes the problems of single-band stealth and inefficient. Moreover, by varying the crystallization fraction of the GST, the WSTE can achieve dynamic control of thermal radiation in the wavelength range of 3–14 µm. The simulated infrared images verify that WSTE has good infrared stealth performance. Finally, the effects of incidence angle and polarization angle on the emission spectrum of WSTE are studied, which can demonstrate the infrared stealth is insensitive to both. In conclusion, the WSTE is attractive in advanced photonics applications, such as radiative cooling and infrared stealth.

Enhanced Nonlinear Radiations in Plexcitonic Hybrids of Cyanine Dyes and Silver Nanostructured Films for Advanced Photonic Applications

Enhanced Nonlinear Radiations in Plexcitonic Hybrids of Cyanine Dyes and Silver Nanostructured Films for Advanced Photonic Applications