Aerogels are rapidly developed in the fields of heat preservation, heat insulation, adsorption and catalysis owing to the special properties of low density, high porosity and so on. In recent years, aerogels are gradually used in flame retardant field. In this review, the research progress in the flame retardant field of silicon aerogels, polymer aerogels and carbon aerogels at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed, including the characteristics of the three kinds of aerogels, the relevant flame-retardant modification technology when the aerogels being used as flame retardant materials, and their effects on the flame retardant performance and thermal stability of the materials. Finally, the shortcomings of aerogel application in flame retardant field and the key problems are presented, and the application of aerogel in the field of flame retardant is prospected.