Abstract
The presented paper contains a brief review on the synthesis and characterization of silica aerogels and its nanocomposites with nanofibers and fibers based on a literature study over the past twenty years and my own research. Particular attention is focused on carbon fiber-based silica aerogel nanocomposites. Silica aerogel is brittle in nature, therefore, it is necessary to improve this drawback, e.g., by polymer modification or fiber additives. Nevertheless, there are very few articles in the literature devoted to the synthesis of silica aerogel/fiber nanocomposites, especially those focusing on carbon fibers and nanofibers. Carbon fibers are very interesting materials, namely due to their special properties: high conductivity, high mechanical properties in relation to very low bulk densities, high thermal stability, and chemical resistance in the silica aerogel matrix, which can help enhance silica aerogel applications in the future.
Highlights
Silica aerogel consists of small spherical nanoparticles with a size of 1–2 nm which agglomerate to form larger particles with diameters of 5–10 nm, and create a pearl necklace-like structure containing large voids with diameters below 50 nm (Figure 1)
Compounds, hydrophilic silica aerogels from water glass as adsorbents for insoluble and water soluble organic compounds, Very good absorption properties of silica aerogels, that result from their specific structures, enable their use in the production of different types of absorbents: for gas CO2 as membrane contactors [24], or for particulates in Cherenkov radiation detectors [25]
The analysis proved that the chemical treatment of the silica aerogel/oxidized carbon microfiber nanocomposite in TMCS/n-hexane solution provided better thermal resistance in the entire observed temperature range
Summary
Silica aerogel consists of small spherical nanoparticles with a size of 1–2 nm which agglomerate to form larger particles with diameters of 5–10 nm, and create a pearl necklace-like structure containing large voids with diameters below 50 nm (Figure 1). Compounds, hydrophilic silica aerogels from water glass as adsorbents for insoluble and water soluble organic compounds, Very good absorption properties of silica aerogels, that result from their specific structures, enable their use in the production of different types of absorbents: for gas CO2 as membrane contactors [24], or for particulates in Cherenkov radiation detectors [25]. They can be used as adsorbents for different organic media. Thanks to good biocompatibility and high surface areas in the proposed solutions, the drugs supported on hydrophobic silica aerogels dissolved faster than the corresponding crystalline drugs
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